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Hydrological impact assessment of anthropogenic climate change: Pakistan flood in 2022 (인간 활동에 의한 기후변화의 수문학적 영향 평가: 2022년 파키스탄 홍수)

  • Jin Pak;Suyeon Moon;Yusuke Satoh;Hyungjun Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.327-327
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    • 2023
  • 인간 활동의 영향으로 인한 기후변화는 지구의 물 순환을 변화시키며 결과적으로 수문학적 재해의 발생빈도와 강도를 변화시킬 것으로 전망한다. 파키스탄은 기후변화에 대한 기여도가 적음에도 불구하고 기후변화로 인한 피해가 큰 나라 중 하나이다. 파키스탄은 2022년 여름 국가의 30% 이상의 지역이 침수되며 3300만명이 피해를 받은 기록적인 홍수를 겪은 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천 물리 모델인 Catchment based Macro-scale Floodplain (CaMa-Flood)를 사용하여 2022년 파키스탄에서 발생한 홍수에 대하여 인간 활동에 의한 기후변화 영향을 평가했다. 결합모델간 상호비교 프로젝트 (Coupled Model Intercomparision Project Phase 6, CMIP6)에 참여한 모형들 중, 일 유출량을 제공하는 4개의 전구기후모델 (CanESM5, CNRM-CM6-1, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, IPSL-CM6A-LR)을 선정하였다. 본 연구는 선정된 모델을 기반으로 지난 1950-2014년의 총 65년간, 인간의 영향을 제외한 hist-nat과 인간의 영향이 포함된 historical 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교하여 홍수에 대한 인간 활동의 기여도를 평가하였다. 각 hist-nat과 historical 시뮬레이션에서 산출된 일 유출량을 CaMa-Flood의 입력 자료로 사용하여, 파키스탄 지역의 자연 변동성 및 인위적 강제력이 영향을 미치는 하천 유량, 저수량, 범람 면적 및 수위 등을 계산하였다. 연구 결과, 인간 활동이 2022년 파키스탄 홍수의 하천 범람 면적 및 총 하천 유량 증가에 영향을 미쳤으며, 이는 자연 변동성만을 고려한 hist-nat 시뮬레이션과의 비교를 통해 차이를 확인하였다. 이는 향후 파키스탄 지역에서 발생하는 홍수 사례 전망 및 유엔 기후변화협약당사국총회(COP27)에서 의제로 채택된 기후변화로 인한 손실과 피해의 보상에 대한 구체적인 근거에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

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Efficient Data Acquisition Technique for Clinical Application of Multileaf Collimator (다엽콜리메이터의 임상적용을 위한 효율적인 정보 취득 기술)

  • Lee, Jae-Seung;Kim, Jung-Nam
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.8 no.11
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    • pp.182-188
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    • 2008
  • The MLC(multi leaf collimator) in charge of important role in radiation therapy field recently have been exchanging from shielding block into it rapidly, owing to being convenient. However, MLC can be occurred the leakage dose of inter_leaves and the error of algorithm in imput and output from digital signal. We compared the difference of imput method to MLC made by Varian Cop. with the error and effective field induced by MLC shaper and film scanner based on XimaVision value as using MLC layer of various shapes. According to comparing standard value with them to basic MLC layer (test1-5), MLC shaper was $0{\sim}0.29cm$, $0.23{\sim}3.59cm^2$ and film scanner was $0{\sim}0.78cm$, $0.24{\sim}3.89cm^2$. At the MLC layer to be applied in clinic, MLC shaper was $0{\sim}0.54cm$, $0.04{\sim}1.68cm^2$ and film scanner was $0{\sim}0.78cm$, $0.24{\sim}3.89cm^2$. The more distance and field from axis of central line increase, the more bigger the error value increases. There is a few mm error from standard point at the process which imput various information to apply MLC in clinic. and effective field did not have variation of monitor unit and dose owing to being a few cm2 error against real field. But there are some problem to shield critical organs because some part of target volume induced by the movement of organs can be not included, therefore we have to pay attention on the process to imput MLC layer

Change of the Combined Patterns of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Static Balance (고유수용성 신경근 촉진법의 통합 패턴에 따른 정적 균형의 변화)

  • Choi, Won-Jye;Kim, Chan-Kyu;Jung, Dae-In;Lee, Hyoung-Soo;Chae, Yun-Won;Kim, Yoon-Hwan
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.8 no.10
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2008
  • This study was to investigate the effects of the combined patterns of PNF(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) on the static balance ability by 20 subjects for 6 weeks. The combined patterns of PNF were carried out by Sprinter and Skater suggested by Dietz which were practiced once a day, 3 times a week. This study were measured normal standing, one leg left and one leg right standing when eye open and close on GOOD BALANCE system. These result lead us to the conclusion that mean velocity of X,Y direction, COP velocity moment were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on Normal Standing Eye Open(NSEO), Normal Standing Eye Close(NSEC), One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC) and Just velocity of X direction were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC). The above results from this study indicated that combined patterns of PNF have improved the static balance ability. However the used self-exercise ca be applied to normal people, i.e., the exercise is difficult to apply into clinical patients. The further study should be focused at development of various modified forms of the combined patterns of PNF in keeping up the improvement effect of the exercise.

Performance Improvement of an Air Source Heat Pump by Storage of Surplus Solar Energy in Greenhouse (온실 내 잉여 태양열을 이용한 공기열원 히트펌프 성능향상)

  • Kwon, Jin Kyung;Kang, Geum Chun;Moon, Jong Pil;Kang, Youn Ku;Kim, Chung Kil;Lee, Su Jang
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.328-334
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    • 2013
  • A greenhouse heating system to improve heat pump performance using inside and outside air of greenhouse as a heat source selectively and cut $CO_2$ enrichment costs by delay of greenhouse ventilation was developed. In this system, thermal storage modes divided into inside circulation mode using surplus solar energy and outside circulation mode using outside air heat. The thermal storage modes were designed to be switched mutually according to inside greenhouse temperature and six temperature values were input to control the heat pump operating, thermal storage mode switching and greenhouse heating automatically. Operating characteristics of this system were tested in a plastic greenhouse of non-ventilation condition. The results of test showed that the inside circulation mode began at about 11:00 and lasted for about 210 minutes and inside greenhouse temperature was maintained between $20{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ in spite of non-ventilation. System heating COP of the inside circulation mode in the daytime was 3.35, which was 36% and 25% higher than that of the outside circulation modes in the nighttime and daytime respectively.

A study on proper number of stimulations in functional MRI (뇌기능 활성화 검사 시 적정한 자극 횟수에 관한 연구)

  • Son, Soon-Yong;Kim, Yoon-Shin;Choi, Kwan-Woo;Min, Jung-Whan;Lee, Jong-Seok;Yoo, Beong-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.12
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    • pp.5860-5866
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    • 2012
  • BOLD technique in functional MRI has to apply multiple stimulations. However as the stimulation time increases failure rates rise. In this study we are proposing proper number of stimulations through our experiments. Ten normal people underwent functional MRI hand motor sanning and the paradigms were designed from first to seventh stimulation. Under Philips Intera Achieva 3.0T MR system and Invivo cop's Eloquence equipment, activation periods and rest periods were repeated ten times each, using BOLD EPI technique. Primary hand motor area stimulation and number of clusters, activation rates and number of activated clusters in and outside the region of interest were compared to each other. Number of clusters in region of interest was lower than others at second stimulation and became static from third stimulation. The stimulated ratios were elevated as the number of stimulations were increased but it was not proportional. Number of clusters outside the ROI became static from the third stimulation and started increasing from sixth stimulation. As results, given the activation ratios of ROI and out side the ROI, three times stimulation was the most appropriate because it does not affect accuracy, also decreasing the fatigue of patients by with the decreased scanning time.

Studies on Magnetic Properties of Die-upset Pr-Fe-B Magnets (Die-upset법에 의한 Pr-Fe-B자석의 자기적 성질에 관한 연구)

  • 이경섭;서수정;박현순;이병규;정지연
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 1993
  • Starting ingot of $Pr_{15}Fe_{77}B_{8}$ were prepared by vacuum induction melting under argon atmosphere. The ingot were induction melted in a quartz crucible and then ejected as a molten alloy throuth a 0.6 mrn orifice onto a rotating cop¬per wheel. An anisotropic magnet was prepared from ribbon by hot deformation techniques. A fully dense precursor magnet first made by pressing ribbons at $680^{\circ}C$ under a pressure of $21.8\;kg/mm^{2}$. A substantially oriented magnets were obtained by die-upset under various conditions. As the compression ratio increases, the $B_{r}$ value increases pronouncedly though $_{i}H_{c}$ decreases. Also, XRD analyses show increased diffraction peak from (006). From these results, it can be known that the magnetic easy axis was formed along the compression axis. As the die-upset speed increases, $_{i}H_{c}$ increases though $B_{r}$ decreases. The $B_{r}$ increases up to $750^{\circ}C$ of die-upset temperature and above this temperature decreases. The value of $4{\pi}M_{s}$ of the $Pr_{15}Fe_{77}B_{8}$ alloy prepared is found to be 11.8 KG. When the alloy was compressed by 0.8 under the die-upset speed of 0.05 m/sec at $750^{\circ}C$, $B_{r}$ was 11.0 KG indicating that the alloy has excellent magnetic anistropy. However, this alloy has some limitation because of low $_{i}H_{c}$.

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Numerical Analysis on Heat Gain of Liquid from Ambient Air with Various Fin Heights and Pitches of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger in Hybrid Solar Collector (핀-튜브 열교환 구조를 갖는 복합집열기에서 핀 높이 및 간격에 따른 공기열 이용 액체 가열 성능에 관한 수치해석 연구)

  • Choi, Hwi-Ung;Fatkhur, Rokhman;Lyu, Nam-Jin;Yoon, Jung-In;Son, Chang-Hyo;Choi, Kwang-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2016
  • Solar assisted heat pump system uses solar thermal energy as a heat source of evaporator of heat pump. So, COP can be enhanced as well as collector efficiency. For improving performance of this system, some research about hybrid solar collector that has fin-and-tube heat exchanger has been conducted. This collector can get a thermal energy from ambient air for liquid heating, so heated liquid can be used as a heat source of evaporator in heat pump even the solar radiation is not enough. In this study, numerical analysis was conducted for confirming heat gain of liquid according to fin height and pitch of fin-and-tube heat exchanger in collector. As a result, higher heat gain was obtained on lower fin height and narrow fin pitch, but the pressure drop also increased with increment of heat gain. Thus the JF factor considering both heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop was investigated and the maximum value was shown when the fin height and pitch were 40mm and 45mm. So it is considered that this installation condition has a highest heat transfer improvement when comparing with pressure drop. However heat gain of liquid at this condition was less than the other installation conditions of fin pitch on same height. Then, after establishing a proper minimum heat gain of liquid, actual production and experiment of collector will be conducted with fin height and pitch showing maximum JF factor and satisfying selected minimum heat gain of liquid on the basis of results of this study.

Regulation of cellular functions of p53 by ubiquitination (유비퀴틴화에 의한 세포 내 p53의 기능 조절)

  • Jung, Jin-Hyuk;Lee, Joon-Young;Lee, Sun-Mi;Choe, Tae-Boo;An, Sung-Kwan
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.217-226
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    • 2009
  • p53 undergoes various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, acetylation, methylation, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Modification of p53 widely affects to various functions of p53. Acetylation and phosphorylation of p53 have been studied for regulating its transcriptional activity which is observed in various stress condition. Otherwise, ubiquitination of p53 by Mdm2 has been well-studied as a canonical ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway. Moreover several investigators have recently reported that ubiquitination of p53 modulates not only its proteasome-dependent degradation by poly-ubiquitination but also its localization and transcriptional activity by mono-ubiquitination which usually does not serve the proteasome dependent degradation. Here we review recent studies on the cellular functions of p53 regulated by post-translational modifications, particularly focusing on mechanisms of ubiquitination.

The Economic Comparision through LCC Analysis on each Graded Alternatives for Green Remodeling of Public Building (공공건축물의 그린리모델링 수준별 LCC (Life Cycle Cost) 분석을 통한 경제성 비교)

  • Kim, Jaemoon;Lee, Junghyuk;Lee, Duhwan
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.38-49
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    • 2018
  • Since the ratification of the Paris Agreement (COP21), the government is continuously strengthening policies for the reduction of greenhouse gas of the construction industry in accordance with the growing importance of reducing greenhouse gas and obligation of the government. Especially, the government emphasizes the need to improve the energy performance of old public buildings. Since 2014, the government is running a pilot project in which the government supports the construction cost of the green remodeling project of old public buildings and it is intended to develop the best practice of green remodeling and activate the green remodeling in the private sector. In this study, we analyzed the economical efficiency of the old public buildings by each level through green remodeling and conducted building related investigation and equipment measurement to plan the alternatives of the corresponding buildings. The improvement plan is a green remodeling plan that integrates alternatives. Five improvement plans were developed for each level to analyze the economic feasibility of each plan. As for the analysis method, the first energy demand amount calculation and the LCC analysis were performed through ECO2. In the LCC aspect, the improved 3/4 plan (middle level plan) was the most excellent and results were obtained in the order of the highest cost plan followed by the lowest cost plan. As a result, it is expected that it can be utilized as a basic data for future green remodeling performance plan and economic feasibility analysis in the future.

Analysis on Cooling Effects of the Vertical Type Geothermal Heat Pump System Installed in a Greenhouse for Raising Seedling (수직형 지열히트펌프 시스템의 육묘 온실 냉방 효과 분석)

  • Kang, Youn Ku;Ryou, Young Sun;Kim, Jong Goo;Kim, Young Hwa;Jang, Jae Kyoung
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2013
  • In this study, the cooling experiment was carried out in $1,650m^2$ area of the seedling greenhouse from June 6, 2011 to september 18, 2011 with the vertical type geothermal heat pump system of 350 kW scale (175 kW ${\times}$ 2 units) installed in the greenhouse, cooling effects were analyzed and we tried to find more effective operation methods of the geothermal heat pump system. In case of one unit heat pump (175 kW) operation, when evaporator inlet water temperature changed from $13.0^{\circ}C$ to $15.5^{\circ}C$, cooling COP of the system was in 1.1~1.8 range and in case of two unit heat pump (350 kW) operation, when evaporator inlet water temperature changed from 13.0 to 15.5, cooling COP of the system was in 2.0~2.7 range. The accumulated cooling heat quantity of June, July, August and September was 14,718.6, 26,765.1, 28,437.2 and 10,065.0 kWh, respectively.