• Title/Summary/Keyword: Coordination Agent

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Development of Agent-based Platform for Coordinated Scheduling in Global Supply Chain (글로벌 공급사슬에서 경쟁협력 스케줄링을 위한 에이전트 기반 플랫폼 구축)

  • Lee, Jung-Seung;Choi, Seong-Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.213-226
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    • 2011
  • In global supply chain, the scheduling problems of large products such as ships, airplanes, space shuttles, assembled constructions, and/or automobiles are complicated by nature. New scheduling systems are often developed in order to reduce inherent computational complexity. As a result, a problem can be decomposed into small sub-problems, problems that contain independently small scheduling systems integrating into the initial problem. As one of the authors experienced, DAS (Daewoo Shipbuilding Scheduling System) has adopted a two-layered hierarchical architecture. In the hierarchical architecture, individual scheduling systems composed of a high-level dock scheduler, DAS-ERECT and low-level assembly plant schedulers, DAS-PBS, DAS-3DS, DAS-NPS, and DAS-A7 try to search the best schedules under their own constraints. Moreover, the steep growth of communication technology and logistics enables it to introduce distributed multi-nation production plants by which different parts are produced by designated plants. Therefore vertical and lateral coordination among decomposed scheduling systems is necessary. No standard coordination mechanism of multiple scheduling systems exists, even though there are various scheduling systems existing in the area of scheduling research. Previous research regarding the coordination mechanism has mainly focused on external conversation without capacity model. Prior research has heavily focuses on agent-based coordination in the area of agent research. Yet, no scheduling domain has been developed. Previous research regarding the agent-based scheduling has paid its ample attention to internal coordination of scheduling process, a process that has not been efficient. In this study, we suggest a general framework for agent-based coordination of multiple scheduling systems in global supply chain. The purpose of this study was to design a standard coordination mechanism. To do so, we first define an individual scheduling agent responsible for their own plants and a meta-level coordination agent involved with each individual scheduling agent. We then suggest variables and values describing the individual scheduling agent and meta-level coordination agent. These variables and values are represented by Backus-Naur Form. Second, we suggest scheduling agent communication protocols for each scheduling agent topology classified into the system architectures, existence or nonexistence of coordinator, and directions of coordination. If there was a coordinating agent, an individual scheduling agent could communicate with another individual agent indirectly through the coordinator. On the other hand, if there was not any coordinating agent existing, an individual scheduling agent should communicate with another individual agent directly. To apply agent communication language specifically to the scheduling coordination domain, we had to additionally define an inner language, a language that suitably expresses scheduling coordination. A scheduling agent communication language is devised for the communication among agents independent of domain. We adopt three message layers which are ACL layer, scheduling coordination layer, and industry-specific layer. The ACL layer is a domain independent outer language layer. The scheduling coordination layer has terms necessary for scheduling coordination. The industry-specific layer expresses the industry specification. Third, in order to improve the efficiency of communication among scheduling agents and avoid possible infinite loops, we suggest a look-ahead load balancing model which supports to monitor participating agents and to analyze the status of the agents. To build the look-ahead load balancing model, the status of participating agents should be monitored. Most of all, the amount of sharing information should be considered. If complete information is collected, updating and maintenance cost of sharing information will be increasing although the frequency of communication will be decreasing. Therefore the level of detail and updating period of sharing information should be decided contingently. By means of this standard coordination mechanism, we can easily model coordination processes of multiple scheduling systems into supply chain. Finally, we apply this mechanism to shipbuilding domain and develop a prototype system which consists of a dock-scheduling agent, four assembly- plant-scheduling agents, and a meta-level coordination agent. A series of experiments using the real world data are used to empirically examine this mechanism. The results of this study show that the effect of agent-based platform on coordinated scheduling is evident in terms of the number of tardy jobs, tardiness, and makespan.

Multi-Agent based Distribution Protection Coordination Algorithm (Multi-Agent 기반의 배전계통 보호협조 알고리즘)

  • Lim, Il-Hyung;Choi, Myeon-Song;Lee, Seung-Jae
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2009.07a
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    • pp.4_5
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    • 2009
  • A new protection coordination algorithm in Multi-Agent based distribution automation system is proposed in this paper. Distribution network protection coordination is acted by normal state distribution operation. But, in more and more complex distribution network structure, it has a big problem that central server processed all measurement data, coordination setting and controls for operation. So, a algorithm to change coordination setting is proposed automatically in terminal devices which Recloser and OCR to include Multi-Agent concepts in distribution network.

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Design of a Coordinating Mechanism for Multi-Level Scheduling Systems in Supply Chain

  • Lee, Jung-Seung;Kim, Soo
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2012
  • The scheduling problem of large products like ships, airplanes, space shuttles, assembled constructions, and automobiles is very complex in nature. To reduce inherent computational complexity, we often design scheduling systems that the original problem is decomposed into small sub-problems, which are scheduled independently and integrated into the original one. Moreover, the steep growth of communication technology and logistics makes it possible to produce a lot of multi-nation corporation by which products are produced across more than one plant. Therefore vertical and lateral coordination among decomposed scheduling systems is necessary. In this research, we suggest an agent-based coordinating mechanism for multi-level scheduling systems in supply chain. For design of a general coordination mechanism, at first, we propose a grammar to define individual scheduling agents which are responsible to their own plants, and a meta-level coordination agent which is engaged to supervise individual scheduling agents. Second, we suggest scheduling agent communication protocols for each scheduling agent topology which is classified according to the system architecture, existence of coordinator, and direction of coordination. We also suggest a scheduling agent communication language which consists of three layers : Agent Communication Layer, Scheduling Coordination Layer, Industry-specific Layer. Finally, in order to improve the efficiency of communication among scheduling agents we suggest a rough capacity coordination model which supports to monitor participating agents and analyze the status of them. With this coordination mechanism, we can easily model coordination processes of multiple scheduling systems. In the future, we will apply this mechanism to shipbuilding domain and develop a prototype system which consists of a dock-scheduling agent, four assembly-plant-scheduling agents, and a meta-level coordination agent. A series of experiment using the real-world data will be performed to examine this mechanism.

A Coordination Agent Model based on Extracting Similar Information (유사 정보 추출에 기반한 조성 에이전트 모델)

  • 양소진;이현수;오경환
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.12 no.1_2
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2001
  • Speaking generally, agent-based technology is a kind of technology to handle the flood of information resulted from the popularization of the internet. Agent system is a multi-distributed system which consists of both homogeneous and heterogeneous agents. Generally there is a coordination agent in between which is in charge of control and m message flow among the application agents. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a coordination method among agents, some of which provide informations and some of which request them. In multi-agent system, the Information Providing Agent(IPA) registers its capabilities to Coordination Agent(CA) and the Information Requesting Agent(lRA) requests CA what it needs. To coordinate them with satisfactory results the coordination agent ought to have an ability to return a relatively proper data to the requester which is supposed to be similar even though it is not so exact as was intended. For this, this thesis proposes a scheme for an coordination agent to find an IPA which provides an information which correlates most closely with that of IRA.

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Explicit Dynamic Coordination Reinforcement Learning Based on Utility

  • Si, Huaiwei;Tan, Guozhen;Yuan, Yifu;peng, Yanfei;Li, Jianping
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.792-812
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    • 2022
  • Multi-agent systems often need to achieve the goal of learning more effectively for a task through coordination. Although the introduction of deep learning has addressed the state space problems, multi-agent learning remains infeasible because of the joint action spaces. Large-scale joint action spaces can be sparse according to implicit or explicit coordination structure, which can ensure reasonable coordination action through the coordination structure. In general, the multi-agent system is dynamic, which makes the relations among agents and the coordination structure are dynamic. Therefore, the explicit coordination structure can better represent the coordinative relationship among agents and achieve better coordination between agents. Inspired by the maximization of social group utility, we dynamically construct a factor graph as an explicit coordination structure to express the coordinative relationship according to the utility among agents and estimate the joint action values based on the local utility transfer among factor graphs. We present the application of such techniques in the scenario of multiple intelligent vehicle systems, where state space and action space are a problem and have too many interactions among agents. The results on the multiple intelligent vehicle systems demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed methods.

An Optimization Strategy of Task Allocation using Coordination Agent (조정 에이전트를 이용한 작업 할당 최적화 기법)

  • Park, Jae-Hyun;Um, Ky-Hyun;Cho, Kyung-Eun
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2007
  • In the complex real-time multi-agent system such as game environment, dynamic task allocations are repeatedly performed to achieve a goal in terms of system efficiency. In this research, we present a task allocation scheme suitable for the real-time multi-agent environment. The scheme is to optimize the task allocation by complementing existing coordination agent with $A^*$ algorithm. The coordination agent creates a status graph that consists of nodes which represent the combinations of tasks and agents, and refines the graph to remove nodes of non-execution tasks and agents. The coordination agent performs the selective utilization of the $A^*$ algorithm method and the greedy method for real-time re-allocation. Then it finds some paths of the minimum cost as optimized results by using $A^*$ algorithm. Our experiments show that the coordination agent with $A^*$ algorithm improves a task allocation efficiency about 25% highly than the coordination agent only with greedy algorithm.

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Action Selection of Multi-Agent by dynamic coordination graph and MAX-PLUS algorithm for Multi-Task Completion (멀티 태스크 수행을 위한 멀티에이전트의 동적 협력그래프 생성과 MAX-PLUS 방법을 통한 행동결정)

  • Kim, Jeong-Kuk;Im, Gi-Hyeon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Seo, Il-Hong
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.925-926
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    • 2006
  • In the multi-agent system for a single task, the action selection can be made for the real-time environment by using the global coordination space, global coordination graph and MAX-PLUS algorithm. However, there are some difficulties in multi-agent system for multi-tasking. In this paper, a real-time decision making method is suggested by using coordination space, coordination graph and dynamic coordinated state of multi-agent system including many agents and multiple tasks. Specifically, we propose locally dynamic coordinated state to effectively use MAX-PLUS algorithm for multiple tasks completion. Our technique is shown to be valid in the box pushing simulation of a multi-agent system.

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The Automatic Coordination Model for Multi-Agent System Using Learning Method (학습기법을 이용한 멀티 에이전트 시스템 자동 조정 모델)

  • Lee, Mal-Rye;Kim, Sang-Geun
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.8B no.6
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    • pp.587-594
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    • 2001
  • Multi-agent system fits to the distributed and open internet environments. In a multi-agent system, agents must cooperate with each other through a coordination procedure, when the conflicts between agents arise. Where those are caused by the point that each action acts for a purpose separately without coordination. But previous researches for coordination methods in multi-agent system have a deficiency that they cannot solve correctly the cooperation problem between agents, which have different goals in dynamic environment. In this paper, we suggest the automatic coordination model for multi-agent system using neural network and reinforcement learning in dynamic environment. We have competitive experiment between multi-agents that have complexity environment and diverse activity. And we analysis and evaluate effect of activity of multi-agents. The results show that the proposed method is proper.

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A Study to Generate a Theory of Coordination for Intelligent Agent Societies (지능형 에이전트 집단을 위한 조정 이론 생성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Eun-Gyung
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.9B no.2
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 2002
  • In bulding Intelligent Agent Societies (IAS), it is very important to design and implement coordination in accordance with the known requirement and anticipated working conditions. Coordination consists of a set of mechanisms necessary for the effective operation of IAS. Currently, there is little theoretical support that could help in this research is to generate an empirically-based solving systems in which all agent share an identical goal structure and fully cooperate. And we developed a simulation model called "P-System" which produces basic data to be used for statistical analysis to generate a theory of coordination. Coordination among agent in the P-System is dependent on 23 control variables calld TEs(tweakable emtities.)And the level of coordination is represennted by an independent variabe called QMC (Quality Measure Coordination) expressed in numerical terms according tn the definiion of this study. Also, we have studied how to select unbiased subset from the huge total experimental space of the P-System and how to decide the scale of the subset.

An Approach to Generate A Theory of Coordination for Multi-Agent Systems

  • Kim, Eun Gyung
    • International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.277-282
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    • 2004
  • This paper outlines our approach and the underlying design principles aimed at the generation of a theory of coordination. Such theory would assist in designing new Multi-Agent Systems(MAS) and provide trouble-shooting tools for suboptimally functioning MAS. This paper also describes the decisions that have been made in this endeavor. We have been able to show via a simplified model that approach is feasible and can produce results.