• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2003

The primary objective of this thesis is to study, case by case, the international disputes for fishing rights between fishing nations and costal states never imagined till the introduction of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted in 1982 and came into effect in November 16, 1994, which governs the high seas and EEZ in a new manner. Such a study is to provide help in the understanding on this new marine system and how to deal with. This is addressed by the perspectives of disputes (a) in the high seas between fishing nations having traditionally enjoyed the principle of the freedom of the high seas and costal states, (b) in the EEZ between fishing nations and costal states possessing the exclusive jurisdiction over living marine resources and sovereign rights for determining allowable catch and the surplus in its EEZ. The article can be divided into four main parts. First, both the general principles of the settlement of international disputes, and the nature and procedures described in the UNCLOS are introduced. Second, it gives cases of tuna long-liner, North Pacific trawler and squid jigger occurred in the coastal states EEZ, and analyses the problem in both terms of its background and final judgment. It further describes the possible issues in case it depends on the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea for its settlement. Third, closely tied to above, important points such as the right of hot pursuit, prompt release of vessel and crew, and the limits of cooperation with costal states inspector on board fishing vessels are considered mostly based on the UNCLOS, Bilateral Agreement and UNIA. Finally, the article concludes as follows ; The need for broad analyses on the nature of international suits and legal system for the settlement, to win the case before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or coastal states court, is really acknowledged. However, considering the lack of previous studies about it, it is preferably recommended that governmental efforts for making legal standards to cover the judicial costs, for helping industry out of becoming bankrupt.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2015

As a preliminary study for the development of the gas fueled marine engine, prediction of indicated performances was carried out for a spark-ignition engine using commercial software, GT-POWER. The optimized models through a previous study were applied for the simulation of the intake and exhaust systems in a SI engine. The Spark-Ignition Wiebe model was used to calculate the burn rate in the cylinders and the modified Woschni model was used to calculate the heat transfer to the walls. The predicted performances, such as air delivery, cylinder pressures and indicated mean effective pressures under a range of operating conditions showed good agreement with the experiments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

This paper introduces a non-hydrostatic wave model SWASH for simulating wave interactions with porous structures. This model calculates the flow in porous media based on volume-averaged Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (VARANS) in ${\sigma}$-coordinate. The empirical coefficients of resistance used to account for the flow in a porous media often need to be measured or calibrated. In this study, the empirical resistance coefficients used in the model are calibrated and validated using laboratory experiments, involving dam-break flow through porous media, and solitary wave interactions with a porous structure. It is shown that the agreement between experimental and numerical results is generally satisfactory. It is also confirmed that non-hydrodynamic model, SWASH, is computationally much more efficient than the three-dimensional porous flow models based on VOF approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

Digital contents is used already in near place with us. Contents of MPEG-4 standard is used to process multimedia data in field of communication, computer, broadcasting mobile etc. However, absence of copyright management and protection system and interoperability problem of right system between each corporation happened. Because MPEG establish IPMP(Intellectual Property Management and Protection) system standard in agreement with MPEG-4 system standard, proposed cooperation method to manage and protect copyright. Accordingly, in this paper, put in copyright of authorized contents management and protection extension system implementation adding MPEG-4 IPMP system like plug-in into existing MPEG-4 authorizing tool. Therefore, author edits IPMP information to protect contents or object, and process the information in system and authorize MPEG-4 digital contents that have management and protection sign according to IPMP standard. This system designed and implemented to divided into IPMP information save processor, IPMP information creation processor, media IPPM processor, XMT-A to MP4 converter IPMP extension.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2016

This study, Seoul City shelter, you are trying to seek medical cooperation and cure rate increase proposal Yu findings's current situation and tuberculosis of homeless tuberculosis. Inspector, and has a total 591 people is targeted to implement an interview after acquiring utilization agreement in studies conducted chest X-ray photography. Of the interview questions, three or more protons, it is determined that the TB symptomatic conducted sputum examination, chest X-ray examination confirms the physician radiology, when sputum examination primarily chromatic findings the double implemented and conducted by requesting the ship inspection also said inspection sputum acid-fast bacteria if it is true one, respectively. confirmed case result of checking whether there is a difference due to risk factors(Jb) at the chi square black, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference at 95% confidence level. (${\chi}^2=0.276$, p>0.05), suspected case (Ac, Ae) results of examining whether there is a difference due to risk factors in chi square black, that there is a statistically significant difference at 99% confidence level is I found (${\chi}^2=9.414$, p<0.01). The nature of the homeless tuberculosis screening and directed to the distance homeless specific location are likely to evaluate the actual incidence low and aggressive or management needs, the rationale is allowed insufficient reality is. Through this research, future, for tuberculosis high risk tuberculosis patient, such as homeless to expand the tuberculosis screening of infectious tuberculosis patients in private medical institutions, and one-stop service that chest X-ray examination and sputum examination is carried out at the same time introduced immediately to prevent the inspection and examination, cure, and should establish a foundation that can be up to post administration.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

Objectives: The Indonesian government issued large-scale social restrictions (called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, or PSBB) at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to control the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Greater Jakarta). Public compliance poses a challenge when implementing large-scale social restrictions, and various factors have contributed to public non-compliance with the regulation. This study aimed to determine the degree of non-compliance and identify the factors that contributed to public non-compliance with the PSBB in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 839 residents of Greater Jakarta participated in this study. Data were collected online using a Google Form, and convenience sampling was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between public non-compliance with the PSBB regulation and socio-demographic variables, respondents' opinion of the PSBB, and social capital. Results: A total of 22.6% of subjects reported participating in activities that did not comply with the PSBB. The variables that most affected non-compliance with the PSBB were age, gender, income, opinion of the PSBB, and social capital. Conclusions: Strengthening social capital and providing information about COVID-19 prevention measures, such as washing one's hands with soap, wearing masks properly, and maintaining social distancing, is essential. Robust public understanding will foster trust and cooperation with regard to COVID-19 prevention efforts and provide a basis for mutual agreement regarding rules/penalties.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

This study investigates the flow characteristics, such as velocity distributions, size and location of recirculation zone, longitudinal flow change rates, and bifurcation discharge ratio in the bifurcation channel by TELEMAC-2D, a 2D numerical model. The numerical model is validated by previous experimental results and the numerical results are in relatively good agreement with the experimental results, such as the water surface elevation and velocity distribution in the channels. As the inertial force and moment in the main channel decrease, the bifurcation discharge ratio increases, and the relative high velocity distribution becomes wider and the reverse velocity of the main stream decreases in the branch channel. As the bifurcation discharge ratio increases, the size of the recirculation zone in the branch channel decreases and it can be more clearly calculated by determining the point where the longitudinal froude number $Fr{\approx}0$ as well as drawing the distribution of the streamline distribution.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2022

Climate action is at the top of the agenda in the international community, as demonstrated at the 2021 G7 Summit and the 2021 UN Climate Summit. Major developed countries are scrambling to make a transition to a green economy and create a new growth momentum. Following the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016, they focus on "carbon neutrality" as an effective means of tackling climate change. The Republic of Korea, a high-carbon economy, submitted its second Nationally Determined Contribution and announced carbon neutrality as a top policy priority. Accordingly, the country increases government budget in research and development (R&D) and science and technology (S&T) policies. Against this backdrop, this study analyzed policies on carbon-neutral S&T and R&D in major advanced countries. The analysis was made by identifying globally pending issues in carbon-neutral policies and climate technology. In addition, focus group interviews were conducted six times with 10 experts to come up with three R&D strategies and action plans for government-funded research institutes to achieve carbon neutrality. To be specific, the following measures were suggested. First, creative and innovative R&D programs are required to solve the problem of carbon emissions. Second, it is necessary to establish carbon neutrality policies and infrastructure which are sustainable to run and manage. Third, it is crucial to promote cooperation in climate technology based on excellence. In conclusion, the strategies proposed in this study are expected to provide directions and implications for policymakers, researchers, and scholars in science and technology to develop effective strategies to achieve national carbon neutrality.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2023

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is important for collaboration between professionals in the team-based practices of the healthcare field. Objectives: This study aimed to examine pharmacy students across in Korea on the experience of IPE and the perceptions of the importance of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and the need of IPE. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a 20 questionnaire to pharmacy students nationwide was conducted from March to May 2019. Results: A total of 555 students from 32 pharmacy schools participated. They recognized that the importance of close pharmacist-medical doctor collaboration was an average of 5.38 points (out of 6 points), but the current level of pharmacist-to-medical doctor collaboration was an average of 2.51 points (out of 6 points), and the reasons for the insufficient IPC were the lack of an environment encouraging mutual cooperation (79.5%) and the psychological distance to the other professional (35.3%). They perceived the necessity of IPE between pharmacistmedical doctor was 4.95 points (out of 6 points), with the curriculum including how to cooperate with medical doctors (78.2%), communication skills (51.0%), and understanding of medical doctors' functions (44.5%), etc. Only 52 respondents (9.4%) had experience in IPE. Respondents who recognized the importance of IPC (≥5 points) showed 4.44-fold higher agreement on the need for IPE than those who did not (≤4 points) (OR 4.44, 95% CI 2.56, 7.68). Conclusions: Further attention and discussion to add IPE program in the pharmacy school curriculum is necessary in order to cultivate pharmacists with sufficient professional collaboration capabilities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.959-968
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• 2016

In this study, the Delphi Method was conducted to extract variables as effects of integrated education. Forty-six experts engaged in both the integrated education and research fields participated in this study. The Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given asking variables possibly considered as effects of integrated education. In the second round, variables induced from analysis of the first survey results were given and the degree of agreement for each variable was determined according to the Likert scale. In the third round of the survey, mean, standard deviation, and the first and third quartile calculated using the results of the second survey were given to experts to determine their degree of assent. In addition, categories for variables were suggested. The degree of agreement for appropriateness of categorization and relative importance were determined As a result, a total of 18 variables were chosen except for career awareness. They were categorized according to their definition and properties into five categories: 'creativity' (flexible thinking, associative thinking, intuitive thinking, creative thinking), 'problem solving' (meta-cognition, problem recognition and solving, critical thinking, decision making ability, ability of knowledge application, knowledge and information processing skills), 'integrative perception and sensitivity' (concern and interest in various disciplines, understanding and acceptance of difference, integrative thinking), 'interpersonal relations' (communication skills, cooperation), and 'disciplinary literacy' (humanistic imagination, basic knowledge and literacy of each discipline, academic motivation). The degree of agreement was high in variables included in 'creativity' and 'problem solving' categories and the frequency of choosing the importance was high in variables included in 'integrative perception and sensitivity'. The educational implication related to implementation and practice of integrated education were discussed on the basis of results.