• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-208
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• 2002

A comparative assessment study for a generation of the pressure-temperature (P-T) limit curve of a reactor vessel is performed in accordance with ASME code. Using cooling or heating rate and vessel material properties, stress distribution is obtained to calculate stress intensity factors, which are compared with the material fracture toughness to determine the relations between operating pressure and temperature during reactor cool-down and heat-up. P-T limit curves are analyzed with respect to defect orientation, clad thickness, toughness curve, cooling or heating rate and neutron fluence. The resulting P-T curves are compared each other.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.50.1-50.1
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• 2014

The Multi-purpose InfraRed Imaging System (MIRIS) is the main payload of Science and Technology Satellite 3 (STSAT-3), which was launched onboard Dnepr rocket from Russian Yasny Launch Base in November 2013. The MIRIS is an infrared (IR) camera, and the telescope has to be cooled down to below 200K in order to reduce thermal background noise. For the effective cooling and low-power consumption, we applied passive cooling method to the thermal design of the MIRIS. We also conducted thermal analysis and tested for the passive cooling before the launch of STSAT-3. After the launch, we have received State-of-Health (SOH) data from the satellite on orbit, including temperature monitoring results. It is important that the temperature of the telescope was shown to be cooled down to below 200K. In this paper, we present both the temperature data of the MIRIS on orbit and the thermal analysis results in the laboratory. We also compare these results and discuss the verification of the passive cooling.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.746-755
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• 2015

To investigate the effect of hydrogen and oxygen contents on hydride reorientations during cool-down processes, zirconium-niobium cladding tube specimens were hydrogen-charged before some specimens were oxidized, resulting in 250 ppm and 500 ppm hydrogen-charged specimens containing no oxide and an oxide thickness of $0.38{\mu}m$ at each surface. The nonoxidized and oxidized hydrogen-charged specimens were heated up to $400^{\circ}C$ and then cooled down to room temperature at cooling rates of $0.3^{\circ}C/min$ and $8.0^{\circ}C/min$ under a tensile hoop stress of 150 MPa. The lower hydrogen contents and the slower cooling rate generated a larger fraction of radial hydrides, a longer radial hydride length, and a lower ultimate tensile strength and plastic elongation. In addition, the oxidized specimens generated a smaller fraction of radial hydrides and a lower ultimate tensile strength and plastic elongation than the nonoxidized specimens. This may be due to: a solubility difference between room temperature and $400^{\circ}C$; an oxygen-induced increase in hydrogen solubility and radial hydride nucleation energy; high temperature residence time during the cool-down; or undissolved circumferential hydrides at $400^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2017

In a large 3D printer when the cooler, which cools the filament, acts in one direction, the area directly exposed to the cooling is cooled to the proper temperature. However, the cooling effect on the opposite area is relatively less. It was found in experiments that filaments with a thickness of over 2 mm exhibit the cooling problem in one directional cooling. Consequently, cooling was performed to prevent the flow-down and to produce firm support leading to an improvement in product quality in extrusion. Further, the lay-up of a 3D printer with five guides combined with a duct was achieved. Analysis showed that the improvement in the cooling effect enables stable extrusion and lay-up and thus, reduces fabrication time.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2015

In a centralized cooling plant, precise mechanical design and control strategy are required for peak and partial cooling load management. Otherwise, it will lead to low efficiency of cooling system and energy loss due to low partial load efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to enhance energy performance of the centralized cooling plant by controlling flow system in an industrial building using measured data and energy performance simulation program. The simulation results show that the proposed flow control can cut down annual electric power consumption by about 17% compared with the conventional cooling system.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.49.3-50
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• 2015

Synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons is an important radiation mechanism in many astrophysical sources. In the sources where the synchrotron cooling timescale is shorter than the dynamical timescale, electrons are cooled down below the minimum injection energy. It has been believed that such fast-cooling electrons have a power-law distribution in energy with an index -2, and their synchrotron radiation has a photon spectral index -1.5. On the other hand, in a transient expanding astrophysical source, such as a gamma-ray burst (GRB), the magnetic field strength in the emission region continuously decreases with radius. Here we study such a system, and find that in a certain parameter regime, the fast-cooling electrons can have a harder energy spectrum. We apply this new physical regime to GRBs, and suggest that the GRB prompt emission spectra whose low-energy photon spectral index has a typical value -1 could be due to synchrotron radiation in this moderately fast-cooling regime.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1312-1316
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• 2004

The Stirling refrigerators have been widely used for the cooling of the infrared detector and HTS to the cryogenic temperature. The Stirling refrigerator with the rotary compressor are applicable to the cooling device for the compact mobile thermal imaging system, because the refrigerators have the compact structure and light weight. The typical performance factors of the Stirling refrigerator are the cool-down time, cooling capacity at the desired temperature and the input power. And the above performance factors are depends on the thermal insulation characteristics of the Dewar. In this study, the steady thermal load of the Dewar and the performance of the Stirling refrigerator were measured. The results show the dependency of the input power and the charging pressure on the performance of the refrigerator.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.600-610
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• 1995

When combustion gas is cooled down below the dew point of sulfuric acid vapor in the heat recovery systems, condensation occurs. Since the condensed sulfuric acid solution causes low-temperature corrosion in materials, it is important to measure the SOx dew point by electric measurement. In this study, two kinds of probes having electric gaps of 1mm or 2mm were used. and experiments were carried out by the parameters of sulfuric acid vapor and water vapor concentration. The changes of electric current caused by sulfuric acid condensed on the surface of probe according to the cooling rate and the probe head surface temperature were sudied. The opimum cooling rate was decreased with the increasing of water vaper concentration regardless of sulfuric acid concentration. The sensitivity of electric current is improved for the narrower gap(1mm) of ring electrodes, but it rarely affects the SOx dew point measuring of different probes according to the change of cooling rate.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

The characteristic of the superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) system is faster response, longer life time, more economical, and environment friendly than other uninterruptible power supply(UPS) using battery. So, the SMES system can be used to develop methods for improving power quality where a short interruption of power could lead to a long and costly shutdown. Recently, cryogen free SMES has developed using BSCCO(Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide) wire. We fabricated and tested the conduction cooling system for the 600 kJ class HTS SMES. The experiment was accomplished for the simulation coils. The simulation coils were made of aluminium, it is equivalent to thermal mass of 600 kJ HTS SMES coil. The coil is cooled with two GM coolers through the copper conduction bar. In this paper, we report that the test results of cool-down and heat loads characteristics of the simulation coils. The developed conduction cooling system adapted to 600 kJ HTS SMES system and cope with the unexpected sudden heat impact, too.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.505-512
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• 2009

A thermosiphon is utilized as a thermal shunt to reduce the cool-down time of a cryogenic system cooled by a two stage cryocooler. The cool-down time reduction by the thermosiphon is determined by the type of working fluid which is directly related to the operating temperature range of the thermosiphon. A mixed working fluid has a potential to widen the operation temperature range of the thermosipohon. In this study, the thermosiphon using N$_2$ and CF$_4$ mixture as the working fluid is fabricated and tested to verify its transient heat transfer performance. The thermosiphon with the mixed working fluid has no noticeable reduction of cool-down time compared with that of the thermosiphon with pure working fluid in this experiment. However, it seems that the thermosiphon with mixed working fluid may have an advantage according to the cooling capacity of a cryocooler, the cooling target temperature and the size of a cooling object.