• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.121-132
• /
• 2021

Green facade has a significant impact on building's energy performance by controlling the absorption of solar radiation and improving outdoor thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration. In particular, since high-density building does not enough green space, green facade, and rooftop greening using artificial ground plants are highly utilized. However, the level of cooling effect according to plant traits and irrigation control is different. Therefore, in this study, the cooling effect analyzed for a total of 4 cases by controlling the irrigation condition based on hedera and spurge. Although hedera under sufficient water had the highest cooling effect(-2℃~-4℃), had the lowest cooling effect under non-irrigation(+1.1℃~+4.4℃). In addition, hedera under sufficient water had cooling effect than hedera under non-irrigation(-1℃~-8.1℃) and in the case of spurge, it had cooling effect(-0.3℃~-7.8℃) more than non-irrigation. As a result of measuring the amount of transpiration according to the light intensity (PAR) and carbon dioxide concentration conditions, transpiration of hedera was higher than the spurge (respectively 0.63204mmolm^-2s^-1, 0.674367mmolm^-2s^-1). The difference in the cooling effect of the green facade under irrigation condition was significant. But the potential cooling effect of green facade according to plants species was different. Therefore, in order to maximize and continuously provide the cooling effect of green facade in urban areas, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of plants and the control of water supply through the irrigation system.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.387-398
• /
• 2009

The operation condition of recently designed pistons for high power and high speed diesel engine become more severe due to the increment of combustion pressure and temperature. So, in order to overcome high temperature, the application of the mono-metal cast aluminum alloy piston featuring an enclosed cast-in open cooling gallery has increased. In this research, it is developed a PCJ (piston cooling jet) rig tester, described the test procedure and validated the performance of sample piston cooling gallery design. Then the test rig will be used for developing the design technology of piston cooling gallery. The test rig is composed with oil reservoir and pumping system, oil jet system, piston fixing and moving system, collecting oil measuring system, and data measuring and recording system. It will be measured collecting efficiencies under conditions of a few piston positions, oil jet pressures and oil viscosities for a piston cooling gallery. Furthermore, the PCJ rig tester will be used for the optimum design of the oil cooling gallery which being applied to increase the cooling efficiency of pistons in diesel engines satisfying the EURO V emission regulation and the more.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1265-1271
• /
• 2014

The lamp cooling system of the exposure has effect on the exposure efficiency and device lifetime. In this paper, we performed the numerical analysis about the thermal flow in the lamp housing of the exposure apparatus for the cooling air inflow rate. We set up the velocity of cooling air of side and bottom as the independent variables because cooling performance of the lamp housing is affected by the velocity of the cooling air side and bottom. The cooling state of lamp housing depend on three dependent variables; the temperature at top mirror and exhaust gas, ellipsoidal mirror. Response surface methodology was used in order to establish the efficient cooling analysis plan. The regression equation predicting the variables temperature of lamp housing according to the cooling air velocity were drawn. The velocity of cooling air to reach the optimum temperature of the lamp housing were derived.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2015

In recent years, industrial demands for superior mechanical properties of powder metallurgy steel components with low cost are rapidly growing. Sinter hardening that combines sintering and heat treatment in continuous one step is cost-effective. The cooling rate during the sinter hardening process dominates material microstructures, which finally determine the mechanical properties of the parts. This research establishes a numerical model of the relation between various cooling rates and microstructures in a sinter hardenable material. The evolution of a martensitic phase in the treated microstructure during end quench tests using various cooling media of water, oil, and air is predicted from the cooling rate, which is influenced by cooling conditions, using the finite element method simulations. The effects of the cooling condition on the microstructure of the sinter hardening material are found. The obtained limiting size of the sinter hardening part is helpful to design complicate shaped components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 2001

A fundamental study on the cooling apparatus inshore fishing boat and its operation characteristics in sea water cooling system were performed experimentally. The circumstance is giving the blow against fisherman with incoming-decreasing and the difficulty of crew's supply and demand and management. In addition, the depression of the external situation such as the plan of EEZ(Exclusive Economic Zone) proclaim is forcing them into improving their fishing condition. By this international and domestic surrounding, the development of a cooling apparatus inshore fishing boat is demanded sincerely. We investigated load characteristics as the pilot plant operation characteristics estimation which is based on the development of cooling system and optimum cooling apparatus inshore fishing boat. These results provide useful informations which are applicable to an actual design and show the possibility of application to other fields.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.1598-1611
• /
• 2016

In some special occasions with strict size requirements, such as mine hoists, improving the design accuracy of the forced-air cooling systems of NPC three-level inverters is a key technology for improving the power density and decreasing the volume. First, a fast power-loss calculation method was brought. Its calculation principle introduced in detail, and the computation formulas were deduced. Secondly, the average and dynamic power losses of a 1MW mine hoist acting as the research target were analyzed, and a forced-air cooling system model based on a series of theoretical analyses was designed with the average power loss as a heat source. The simulation analyses proves the accuracy and effectiveness of this cooling system during the unit lifting period. Finally, according to an analysis of the periodic working condition, the maximum power-loss range of a NPC three-level inverter under multi cycle operation was obtained and its dynamic power loss was taken into the optimized cooling system model as a heat source to solve the power device damage caused by instantaneous heat accumulation. The effectiveness and feasibility of the optimization design based on the dynamic power loss calculation of the maximum power-loss range was proved by simulation and experimental results.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.990-1001
• /
• 2004

The retention of a molten pool vessel cooled by internal vessel reflooding and/or external vessel reactor cavity flooding has been considered as one of severe accident management strategies. The present numerical study investigates the effect of both internal and external vessel mixed cooling on an internally heated molten pool. The molten pool is confined in a hemispherical vessel with reference to the thermal behavior of the vessel wall. In this study, our numerical model used a scaled-down reactor vessel of a KSNP (Korea Standard Nuclear Power) reactor design of 1000 MWe (a Pressurized Water Reactor with a large and dry containment). Well-known temperature-dependent boiling heat transfer curves are applied to the internal and external vessel cooling boundaries. Radiative heat transfer has been considered in the case of dry internal vessel boundary condition. Computational results show that the external cooling vessel boundary conditions have better effectiveness than internal vessel cooling in the retention of the melt pool vessel failure.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2015

A Superconducting Fault Current Limiter is an electric power device which limits the fault current immediately in a power grid. The SFCL must be cooled to below the critical temperature of high temperature superconductor modules. In general, they are submerged in sub-cooled liquid nitrogen for their stable thermal characteristics. To cool and maintain the target temperature and pressure of the sub-cooled liquid nitrogen, the cryogenic cooling system should be designed well with a cryocooler and coolant circulation devices. The pressure of the cryostat for the SFCL should be pressurized to suppress the generation of nitrogen bubbles in quench mode of the SFCL. In this study, we tested the performance of the cooling system for the prototype 154 kV SFCL, which consist of a Stirling cryocooler, a subcooling cryostat, a pressure builder and a main cryostat for the SFCL module, to verify the design of the cooling system and the electric performance of the SFCL. The normal operation condition of the main cryostat is 71 K and 500 kPa. This paper presents tests results of the overall cooling system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2005

The structural analysis and water pressure tests are performed for liquid rocket thrust chamber regenerative cooling channel specimens at room temperature condition. Material properties of copper alloy to be used in the elastic-plastic structural analysis are obtained by uniaxial tension test at room temperature. The plate-type cooling channel specimens are manufactured and performed water pressure test to verify the analysis results. The results of elastic-plastic structural analysis and water pressure test show resonable agreements though with minor differences and it is revealed that structural stability of regenerative cooling channel is highly affected by the manufacturing tolerances due to very thin cross-sectional thickness of the cooling channel.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2014

This study makes three apartment building complex an object of analyzing representative building types and energy consumption rate of house holds, and effect of outdoor air cooling. Recently created apatrment complex is composed of very various types of building, plan, and orientation etc. But, it is difficult to remark conclusively that these various types of buildings are designed energy-effectively. Because architects are hard to find useful energy design guideline for decision making. By the preceding study, the present condition and problem about this subject is grasped, apartment building types were examined and representative types were extracted. In this study, energy simulation was conducted, and the effect to outdoor air cooling was analyzed about representative types of the subject apartment complex. It is expected that this analysed results will be basic data for the more integrated study. Research consequence can be summarized as follow: 1) Besides solar gain, household layout of building, orientation, and plan etc. effects compositively on energy consumption rate. 2) The effect of ourdoor air cooling in building of tower type can be improved by arranging households appropriately.