• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2000

Forest vegetation in Korea can be largely divided into warm temperate, cool temperate and frigid forest zone. The cool temperate forest zone of them occupies the largest part of the Korean peninsula and it is generally divided into three subdivisions such as northern, central and southern subzone. The Forestry Research Institute established three long-term ecological research sites at Kwangnung Experiment Forest in the central subzone of the cool temperate forest zone, at the Mt. Kyebangsan Forest in the northern subzone of the cool temperate forest zone. and at the Mt. Keumsan Forest in the warm temperate forest zone. The objectives of long-term ecological research in the Forestry Research Institute, Korea are to study long-term changes of the forest ecosystems in energy fluxes, water and nutrient cycling, forest stand structure, biological diversity, to quantify nutrient budgets and fluxes among forest ecosystem compartments and to integrate ecological data with a GIS - assisted model. To achieve the objectives, forest stand dynamics. environmental changes in soil properties, stream water quality, nutrient cycling, air pollution and biological diversity have been investigated and plant phonology as an indicator of climate change has been monitored in the LTER sites.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2003

This Study aims to evaluate the interior atmospheres of atrium by glass colours. For the purpose, the 1/50 scale model of one-sided atrium was made and images of interior atmospheres were pictured under clear sky conditions. And then, questionnaire surveys were conducted on K university students in department architecture engineering. The survey results were analyzed by SPSS program. Frequency and correlation analysis were performed. As results, clear glass is chosen as the most preferred glass colour in any seasons. And, green and blue glasses are preferred in the order. And then, it is revealed that the main variables affecting satisfaction of interior atmospheres are a little changed by thermal senses of seasons. These variables are "bright", "neat", "warm", "comfort", "stable", "active", "static", "elegant" and "cool" through correlation analysis.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2014

We have analyzed the archival data of far ultraviolet (FUV) observations made for the region of GSH 006-15+7, a large shell-like structure discovered by Moss et al. (2012) from the H I velocity maps. FUV emission is seen enhanced in the lower supershell region and is believed to originate from dust scattering of interstellar photons. A corresponding Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the supershell is located at a distance of $1250^{+750}{_{-500}}$ pc, similar to the previous estimation of 1.5{\pm}0.5 kpc based on kinematic considerations. The spectrum obtained for the lower supershell exhibits molecular hydrogen fluorescence lines: a simulation model for this candidate photodissociation region (PDR) yields a rather high total hydrogen density of $n_H{\sim}30cm^{-3}$ with H2 column density of $N(H_2){=}^{1017.5-20.0}cm^{-2}$. It is argued that the region is in a transition stage from a warm to a cool neutral phase. Strong C IV emission is also seen in the spectrum, but it is not believed to be associated with the supershell as the corresponding spectral map shows a broad region of enhancement both inside and outside the supershell.

• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국제4기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

The response of the CCCma coupled climate model to the imposition of LGM conditions is investigated. The global mean SAT and SST decrease by about $10^{\circ}C$ and $5.6^{\circ}C$ in the coupled model. Tropical SST decreases by $6.5^{\circ}C$, whereas CLIMAP reconstructions suggest that the tropics cool by only about $1.7^{\circ}C$, although the larger tropical cooling is consistent with the more recent proxy estimates. With the incorporation of a full ocean component, the coupled model gives a realistic spatial SST pattern, capturing features associated with ocean dynamics that are seen in the CLIMAP reconstructions. The larger decrease of the surface temperature in the model is associated with a reduction in global precipitation rate (about 15%). The tropical Pacific warm pool retreats to the west and a mean La $Ni\tilde{n}a$-like response is simulated with less precipitation over the central Pacific and more in the western tropical Pacific. The more arid ocean climate in the LGM results in an increase in SSS almost everywhere. This is particularly the case in the Arctic Ocean where large SSS increase is due to a decrease in river discharge to the Arctic Ocean associated with the accumulation of snow over the ice sheet, but in the North Atlantic by contrast SSS decreases markedly. This remarkable reduction of SSS in the North Atlantic is attributed to an increase in fresh water supply by an increase in discharges from the Mississippi and Amazon rivers and an increase in P-E over the North Atlantic ocean itself. The discharges increase in association with the wetter LGM climate south of the Laurentide ice sheet and in South America. The fresh water capping of the northern North Atlantic results in a marked reduction of deep convection and consequently a marked weakening of the North Atlantic overturning circulation. In the LGM, the maximum overturning stream function associated with the NADW formation decreases by about 60% relative to the control run, while in the Southern Ocean, oceanic convection is stronger in the LGM due to reduced stratification associated with an increase in SSS and a decrease in SST and the overturning stream function associated with the formation of AABW and the outflow increases substantially.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 기존에 제시된 쉐이딩 알고리즘들이 음영 표현을 통해 3차원 물체의 형태를 효과적으로 전달하는지 평가하고 검증한다. 8가지 스타일로 쉐이딩된 10개의 3차원 물체 중의 한 개의 이미지를 사람들에게 보여주고 물체 표면의 여러 곳의 위치에서 곡면의 법선 벡터와 일치하도록 측정기(gauge)의 방향을 조정하도록 요청하는 스터디를 수행한다. 이 실험에서 수집한 법선 벡터 추정치가 사람들 간에 서로 일치하는지 비교하고 또한 실제 3차원 곡면 모델의 법선 벡터와 일치하는지도 비교한다. 본 논문의 실험을 통하여 물체의 음영을 표현하는 방법에 따라서 사람들이 물체의 형태를 다르게 해석한다는 사실을 보인다. 또한, 기존의 쉐이딩 알고리즘들 중에서 음영 톤의 단계수가 많고 톤 단계가 전반적으로 균일하게 분포되어 있는 특성을 가지는 알고리즘이 물체의 형태를 보다 효과적으로 표현하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 수집한 실험 데이터 및 분석 결과는 물체의 형태를 효과적으로 전달하는 것을 목적으로 하는 새로운 CG 쉐이딩 알고리즘을 설계하는데 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.691-702
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• 2011

최근 컴퓨터 그래픽스와 사용자의 인지를 결합한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. Cole 등은 미술가들의 라인 드로잉 데이터를 수집하여 기존의 CG(Computer-Generated) 라인 드로잉 알고리즘들이 미술가들의 드로잉 특성을 반영하고 있는지 비교하고, 사용자들이 어떤 라인 드로잉 알고리즘의 결과에서 형태를 효과적으로 인지하는지 평가하는 실험을 수행하였다. 그러나 라인 드로잉 알고리즘의 결과보다 BRDF 쉐이딩 모델이 적용된 결과에서 형태를 더욱 효과적으로 인지한다는 결과를 보였는데, 이는 음영이 형태 정보를 전단하기에 더욱 효과적인 요소임을 반증한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 물체에서 인지한 음영과 미술가들의 음영 표현, 그리고 CG 쉐이딩 알고리즘 간의 상관관계에 대해서 연구한다. 특히, 미술가들의 음영 표현 특성과 CG 쉐이딩 알고리즘에서 나타나는 특성에 초점을 맞추고 이를 정량적으로 분석한다. 본 논문에서 수집한 실험 데이터 및 분석 결과는 효과적인 형태 전달을 목적으로 하는 새로운 CG 쉐이딩 알고리즘을 설계하는데 활용한 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2016

생태계 과정 모형인 BIOME-BGC를 이용해 국내 상록침엽수림의 탄소-물 순환 과정의 계절 및 연간 변화를 모의하여 국내의 소나무 고사 현상의 기후-토심 영향을 분석하였다. 연구지로 2009년과 2014년 각각 소나무 대량 고사가 발생한 밀양과 울진을 선정하였다. 두 지역의 표준강수지수를 산정한 결과 약 5년 내외의 주기의 가뭄현상을 판별하였다. 2000년 중반 이후 가뭄은 고온 건조 기후 특성을 보였다. 모형의 여러 변수를 조사한 결과, 임시탄소저장소인 Cpool 변수가 탄소기아에 의한 소나무고사 현상과 개연성이 큰 변수로 나타났다. Cpool의 감소는 총일차생산성(GPP) 감소 혹은 유지호흡(Rm) 증가의 결과로 발생하였고, 연구기간 중 Cpool이 최저값을 보인 해는 각 연구지역에서 소나무 대량 고사가 발생한 해와 잘 일치하였다. 두 지역 모두 가뭄에 의한 GPP 감소와 고온에 의한 Rm 증가가 Cpool의 감소를 초래하였는데, GPP와 Rm의 상대적 기여도는 지역별로 상이하였다. 특히 저온다습한 울진의 경우 Rm 증가 영향이 중요한 요인이었다. 한편 낮은 토심에서 생산성, 생체량, 증산량, Cpool 등 제반 탄소-물 관련 변수가 감소하였고 연간 변동폭이 증가하였다. 그러나 0.5 m 이하 토심에서는 Cpool에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 일정 수준 이하의 토심에서 생체량-생산성-유지호흡 간의 균형에 따라 Cpool이 유지되는 적응 메커니즘이 나타난 것으로 보인다. 이 연구의 결과 소나무 고사와 관련한 고온건조-탄소 기아 가설을 제안하였고, 보다 현실적 분석을 위한 향후 모형 개선 방향을 제안하였다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2005

Four Properties and five Flavors of Drugs is interpreted by adaptation of human body to the environmental theory(天人相應). The Structural model of the body is compared with sky, earth, sun and moon (天, 地, 日, 月). The natural changes of the four seasons give rise to that of Four Properties and five Flavors of Drugs. On equal terms it is happened in our body. On this study we can draw an analogy between sky, earth, sun & moon (天, 地, 日, 月) and the body. The six bu(六腑) is related to the earth, the five ju(五主) to the sky, the five jang(五臟) to the sun, the meridians system (經絡) to the moon. When spring, the air is warm, the water element of the earth is ascending, and the earth gives birth to the sour flavor. Like this, the water element is absorbed by six bu and then is ascended to the meridian system. When summer, the air is hot and the water element of the earth is floated, the earth make the bitter flavor. In the same way, the six bu absorbed the hot air from the five ju and the water element is quickly absorbed by six bu and then the water element is ascended to the meridian system. When rainy season (長夏), the earth creates the sweet flavor The sweet flavor give warmer energy to the five jang and the six bu. When autumn, the earth change the sweet flavor into pungent. The earth gives warmer energy to the sky, because of cool weather According to same process, the pungent flavor give warmer energy to the five jang and the six bu, and the meridian system gets back the water element from the five ju. When winter, the air is cold and the water element of the earth is hidden. The sky and the earth are not interchangeable. At that time, the earth produce the salty flavor and the water element is keeping in the meridian system.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2002

1951-1980 평년기온 대비 1971-2000 평년기온 상승을 남한지역 14개 관측소 소재 시군의 1966년 대비 1990년의 인구증가 자연대수값에 회귀시켜 통계적으로 유의한 관계식을 얻었다. 이 관계식을 이용하여 도시화에 따른 승온효과를 제거할 경우, 순수한 지구 온난화 효과는 12월부터 4월 사이의 한후기에만 인정되며, 나머지 계절에는 나타나지 않았다. 남한지역의 한후기 일평균기온은 지구온난화에 의해 최대 0.6$^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으며 일최저기온보다 일최고기온 상승폭이 컸다. 도시화에 따른 승온효과는 최대 0.3$^{\circ}C$에서 0.5$^{\circ}C$로 연 중(4월 제외) 고르게 나타났지만, 주로 일최저기온의 상승을 주도하였고 일최고기온 상승에는 거의 영향이 없었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2019

Urban agriculture, which promotes communication in vulnerable classes and the formation of social networks has been gaining attention with an emphasis on healthy city, elderly-friendly city, safe city and happy city as future keywords about urban life. There is a growing interest in public awareness in many areas such as health, society, economy, and ecology. As an attempt to improve the diversity of urban gardens, this study begins with collecting suitable crops for urban gardens from "Imwongyeongjeji (林園經濟志)," an encyclopedia written by Yoo-Ku Seo, a scholar in the 18-19th century. Out of those recorded in "Gwanhyuji (灌畦志)," 128 kinds of crops with linkage of the historical achievements of the realists who gave their priority to public welfare were selected and 53 crops which had traditionality, historicality, health functionality and popularity were finally selected. The properties (cold, warm, clam) of the selected crops were evenly distributed, and there was no crop that was hot and cool. In addition, the number of crops that have a sweet taste was the highest, followed by spicy and bitter, but there was no salty vegetable, which can be attributed to the fact that 12 namuls (wild vegetables) that grow in seas were excluded in this study since they were not suitable for urban gardens. Urban gardens can be transformed from those that focus on primary production and secondary consumption activities into a new resource that offers educational and traditional values by applying humanities to urban agriculture as a content resource in the era of cultural consilience and convergence. It is expected to satisfy urban residents' intellectual and participatory needs and to enhance the diversity and utility of urban gardens by applying traditional knowledge to a new model of urban agriculture. We hope that further research will be conducted to develop new types and models of urban agriculture going forward.