• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1317-1326
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• 1999

As the integration ratio and operation speed increase, it has become an important problem to estimate the dissipated power during the design procedure as a method to reduce the TTM(time to market). This paper proposed a prediction model to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate. This model uses a calculational method. It was formed by including the characteristics of MOSFETs of which a CMOS gate consists, the operational characteristics of the gate, and the characteristics of the input signals. As the modeling process, a maximum power estimation model for CMOS inverter was formed first, and then a conversion model to convert a multiple input CMOS gate into a corresponding CMOS inverter was proposed. Finally, the power model for inverter was applied to the converted result so that the model could be applied to a general CMOS gate. For experiment, several CMOS gates were designed in layout level by $0.6{\mu}m$ layout design rule. The result by comparing the calculated results with those from HSPICE simulations for the gates showed that the gate conversion model has within 5% of the relative error rate to the SPICE and the maximum power estimation model has within 10% of the relative error rate. Thus, the proposed models have sufficient accuracies. Also in calculation time, the proposed models was more than 30 times faster than SPICE simulation. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed model could be used efficiently to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate during the design procedure.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 2010

The total number of the dogs bred in Korea as of 2007 was 1,917,709, and among them, 77%, 1,476,776 dogs were edible dogs. Dogmeat has been legalized edible as food from Choseon dynasty, Daehan imperial state, Japan-occupied era till the present Korea. Dogs had been included in the article 2, Enforcement Ordinance of Processing and Disposal Rule of Livestock and Its Products until the end of Jan. 1979, but it was crossed out by the Notification No 3,005(Feb. 1 1979 effective) of the Minister of Agriculture and Marine Products, and as a result, the obligation that dogs should be slaughtered at the slaughtering ground was defunct. Thus, the arbitrarily dog slaughtering was empowered. As a matter of fact, the new law was not legalized in order to ban dogs from being slaughtered. The waste amount of slaughtered edible dogs amounts to 7,282 tons annually, and most of its waste from the arbitrarily-slaughtered dog is being illegally dumped without proper management and supervision. Edible dogs defecate 292,509 tons(calculates urine as dung) annually, but it is sanitarily disposed according to the Law of Management and Use of Livestock's Dung and Urine which took effective from Sep. 2009. Annual sales amount of edible dogs comes to 590 billion won on the basis of the shipment at breeding ground, but after passing through various level of marketing, and being processed as Gaesoju, and Boshintang, it forms 4 trillion won market when it reaches customers. The amount of food waste in Korea in 2007 came to 5,274,944 tons, and 633 billion won was spent for its disposal cost. Korean edible dogs of 1,476,776 heads consumed 1,266,705 tons, the 24% of total food waste. Edible dogs are the most effective means to convert food waste into food for man, not entailing the cost of disposal. On the other hand, pet dog culture brought about disposal cost, and the 51,188 dogs were abandoned at 2007, while 7 billion won was spent for the protection, euthanasia of them and the disposal of their dead bodies.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1175-1179
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• 1999

The rheological properties of highly filled epoxy molding compound(EMC) for semi-conductor encapsulants are greatly affected by the content of filler loaded. In this study, the change of viscosity of EMC for semi-conductor encapsulants with the filler content was investigated. Also, both of Cox-Merz and modified Cox-Merz equations were applied to convert the viscosity change as a function of frequency to that of shear rate. It was ovserved that shear thinning and yield stress occured at high filler contents and that the Cox-Merz equation could not be applied at high filler contents because of the difference of viscosity according to the various strains. When the modified Cox-Merz equation was applied, the all the curves having different strain tend to be represented by one master curve, even though some deviation was obseved at high filler content and strain.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.452-460
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• 2008

ALE-complient RFID middleware system receives EPC code data from reader devices and converts the data into URN format data internally. After filtering and grouping, the system sends the resulting URN code to application and(or) users. Meanwhile, not only the types of EPC code are very diverse, but also another new kinds of EPC code can be emerged in the future. Therefore, a method to process all kinds of EPC code effectively is required by RFID middleware. In this paper, a method to process various kinds of EPC code acquired from RFID reader devices in ALE-complient RFID middleware is proposed. Especially, we propose an approach using ontology technology to process not only existing EPC code but also newly defined code in the future. That is, we build an ontology of conversion rules for each EPC data type to effectively convert EPC data into URL format data. In this case, we can easily extend RFID middleware to process a new EPC code data by adding a conversion rule ontology for the code.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.509-538
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• 2017

After 20thcentury, digital game has placed very important aspect in modern culture and industries. Thus, digital game industries have utilized ancient stories for themes and ideas. This trial is not only spotted in industrial sectors but also in liberal arts. This paper has a purpose to look at factors that can convert components from classic novels into digital games. Especially, it will focus on how researchers of classical literature can affect in different industrial sectors. Current analysis shows that stories, fantasies, items of classic novel can essentially help to create new games. However, a game consists of just more than the previous stated components; it requires rules, outcome, conflicts and voluntary to make the games much more interesting. It is often misunderstood that plot and fantasies in games may be the most significant aspects but they are actually not. Classic novel can help to make the rule of the four standards in creating a fun game. Here are rules that Taewonji suggests. First, gamers need to save the bleak world from a turbulent age. Second, The will of the absolute has the ultimate power, so those who have achieved god's will can raise a new country. Thirdly, the sinocentrism and the outskirts of the country are not imperative but they are adjustable notions. The first and second aspects are commonly found in Samkukjiyeonui. Hence, the pattern is very familiar. The most significant rule is the third determinant since the idea purely came from Taewonji. The main character Im Seong from the story was the center of his home country, but he later becomes the outskirt or the barbarian of the new country. Therefore, the players should maintain the three rules when they are following the plot and using different items in the digital game world. The researchers of classic literature should find rules that are suitable for the game from the classic novels. This way, there is no need to discover a separate field for digital games out of classical literature.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.853-865
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• 2014

Hydrologic dam risk analysis depends on complex hydrologic analyses in that probabilistic relationship need to be established to quantify various uncertainties associated modeling process and inputs. However, the systematic approaches to uncertainty analysis for hydrologic risk analysis have not been addressed yet. In this paper, two major innovations are introduced to address this situation. The first is the use of a Hierarchical Bayesian model based regional frequency analysis to better convey uncertainties associated with the parameters of probability density function to the dam risk analysis. The second is the use of Bayesian model coupled HEC-1 rainfall-runoff model to estimate posterior distributions of the model parameters. A reservoir routing analysis with the existing operation rule was performed to convert the inflow scenarios into water surface level scenarios. Performance functions for dam risk model was finally employed to estimate hydrologic dam risk analysis. An application to the Dam in South Korea illustrates how the proposed approach can lead to potentially reliable estimates of dam safety, and an assessment of their sensitivity to the initial water surface level.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.733-741
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• 2009

The design rule of digital communication systems is the reliable data transmission with high spectral efficiency and minimum allowable power. This paper suggests the method that saves the average power by implementing a multi-dimensional constellation in case of multi-carrier communication system. By using multi-dimensional constellations we can relocate constellation points in the form of a sphere. If we simply convert the two-dimensional QAM modulation into multi-dimensional QAM, constellation points of 2 N dimensional cube form are made up. Relocating outermost constellation points of 2 N dimensional cube form into low energy constellation points, the constellation of the 2 N-dimensional sphere form is made up which decreases power consumption. In this paper, the multi-dimensional constellations of 2 N-dimensional sphere form are designed from 16-QAM to 2,048-QAM, and power reductions are obtained by comparing constellations of 2-dimensional QAMs and multi-dimensional constellations of 2 N-dimensional sphere form. The result shows that the average power consumption of higher dimensional constellations increases, because the more a dimension elevates, the more the relocatable constellation points increase. But, the increment of the average power savings decreases as the a dimension elevates. The transmission of the data by using multi-dimensional constellations of the sphere form is effective to save the average power consumption with little hardware complexity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

The modern state has always followed a variety of risks in the industrialization and informatization trends in the development of science and technology. Under such an environment, A matter of State compensation should take into consideration a variety of values such as harmony relief victims' rights in accordance with the principles of the rule of law, suppression of illegal acts of public servants, ensuring stable performance of official duties, the national treasury stability. As the state takes responsibility for an act of a public servant in a modern constitutional state, there may be a doubt on that the state takes responsibility only when there is a deliberation or a mistake. According to the theory of the self-responsibility, which suits the Constitution, the principle of liability with mistake on the State Compensation Law shall be excluded. I agree to the opinion that a subjective responsibility prerequisite such as a deliberation or a mistake is not required in relation to the liability of reparation on the State Compensation Law. Therefore, it is needed to convert the principle of state liability of reparation from the principle of liability with mistake to the principle of liability without mistake through a fundamental revision of the State Compensation Law.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.36C no.9
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• pp.54-65
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• 1999

As the integration ratio and operating speed increase, it has become an important problem to estimate the dissipated power during the design procedure to reduce th TTM(time to market). This paper proposed a prediction model for the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate. This model uses a calculating method. It was constructed by including the characteristics of MOSFETs, the operational characteristics of the gate, and the characteristics of the input signals. As the construction procedure, a maximum power estimation model for CMOS inverter was formed first, And then, a conversion model to convert a multiple input CMOS gate into a corresponding CMOS inverter was proposed. Finally, the power model for inverter was applied to the converted result so that the model could be applied to a general CMOS gate. We designed several CMOS gates in layout level with $0.6{\mu}m$ design rule to apply both to HSPICE simulation and to the proposed models. The comparison between the two results showed that the gate conversion model and the power estimation model had within 5% and 10% of the relative errors, respectively. Those values show that the proposed models have sufficient accuracies. Also in calculation time, the proposed models were more than 30 times faster than HSPICE simulation. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed model could be used efficiently to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate during the design procedure.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.1017-1023
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• 2013

Datacommunications transmit the source codes that are coded in information devices, such as computer to the transmission line by means of the line coded signal. AMI method is applied to the line coding method to transmit the signal for long distance. The disadvantage of the AMI method is to loss the bit synchronization when consecutive binary bit '0' over 4ea is coming into line coder. The scrambling technique is used to overcome the problem. The HDB-3 scrambling method is used in Korea standard which standard in ITU-T. When the HDB-3 technology is used. the method should convert the consecutive bit '0' over 4ea to certain bits format. As a result, when there are many such kind of '0' bit stream in source codes, data transmission efficiency will be decreased to treat in line coder, etc. This paper is directed to study the Roman character code system in $KS{\times}1001$, Korea standard for information exchange code in datacommunication systems. Based on the study result, this paper proposed the maximum optimized Roman character code system. In the study, Character coding rule for $4{\times}4$bits and the statistical data for roman character using frequency were considered to simulate. The paper shows the result that when the proposed new roman character coding system is applied to use, the data transmission efficiency could be increased to about 134% compared to existing code system.