• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2019

Multicistronic elements, such as the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and 2A-like cleavage sequence, serve crucial roles in the eukaryotic ectopic expression of exogenous genes. For utilization of multicistronic elements, the cleavage efficiency and order of elements in multicistronic vectors have been investigated; however, the dynamics of multicistronic element-mediated expression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the dynamics of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES- and porcine teschovirus-1 2A (p2A)-mediated expression. By utilizing real-time fluorescent imaging at a minute-level resolution, we monitored the expression of fluorescent reporters bridged by either EMCV IRES or p2A in two independent cultured cell lines, HEK293 and Neuro2a. We observed significant correlations for the two fluorescent reporters in both multicistronic elements, with a higher correlation coefficient for p2A in HEK293 but similar coefficients for IRES-mediated expression and p2A-mediated expression in Neuro2a. We further analyzed the causal relationship of multicistronic elements by convergent cross mapping (CCM). CCM revealed that in all four conditions examined, the expression of the preceding gene causally affected the dynamics of the subsequent gene. As with the cross correlation, the predictive skill of p2A was higher than that of IRES in HEK293, while the predictive skills of the two multicistronic elements were indistinguishable in Neuro2a. To summarize, we report a significant temporal correlation in both EMCV IRES- and p2A-mediated expression based on the simple bicistronic vector and real-time fluorescent monitoring. The current system also provides a valuable platform to examine the dynamic aspects of expression mediated by diverse multicistronic elements under various physiological conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitude toward patient safety, empowerment and awareness, performance of standard precaution for healthcare associated infection control and prevention and to identify the influencing factors of the performance in nursing students. The participants were 185 nursing students on one college in J city, Data collection was conducted from september 10 to 21, 2018. The collected data were analyzed with independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS Statistics 22.0 program. As a result of multiple regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the performance of the standard precaution were awareness, empowerment, participation in the patient safety campaign and the performance was explained by 51.0%. Therefore, In order to improve the performance of standard precaution for nursing students, various convergent education programs should be applied to raise awareness and improve empowerment, and it is necessary to seek ways for nursing students to participate actively in patient safety campaigns.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.180-189
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for revitalizing adult oral care by identifying the correlation between depression, social self-efficacy and self - perceived oral health. To collect data, people in their forties or older in North Jeolla Province were convenience sampling to complete a self-administered questionnaire from April 2 to May 21, 2016. The data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 20.0, Chi-square test, t-test and one way ANOVA, Scheffe' post hoc test, Pearson correlation. Depression was negatively correlated with self-efficacy and oral health. Social self-efficacy was positively correlated with oral health. In pursuit of steady prevention and management, therefore, it is necessary to develop an oral health promotion program reflecting social efficacy, giving another consideration to education related to psychological oral health cognition.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify health literacy among elderly and to investigate the relationships between healthy literacy and health status. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 158 participants between July and December 2019. The linguistic and functional health literacy (using the KHLAT and NVS) and self-rated physical and mental health were assessed. Above third of elderly have difficulties reading and understanding linguistic and functional health literacy. There were significant differences in health literacy according to residence, spouse, living together, educational level, occupation, monthly income, and number of diagnosed disease. Linguistic and functional health literacy and self-rated physical and mental health are closely related. Sociodemographic and disease related factors such as residence, educational level, monthly income, and multi-morbidity need to be considered when developing educational programs to improve health literacy. It could be possible to promote health status by improving the health literacy through individualized convergent educational program.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of spiritual well-being, spiritual nursing competency, and attitude toward death of nursing students at Christian universities and to find out the relevance and influence between variables. The subjects of the study were conveniently sampled 185 nursing college students located in C City, and data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22.0 program to conduct t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correction Coefficient. As a result, religious well-being was significantly higher in students with very satisfied major satisfaction, and spiritual nursing competence was higher in girls with high grades, and students with high major satisfaction. Attitudes toward death were high in male students, showing significant results, and spiritual well-being showed a significant positive correlation between spiritual nursing competence and attitude toward death. Therefore, an institutional approach is needed to strengthen spiritual well-being and develop a curriculum so that it can help provide spiritual health to nursing subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 2022

Purpose: Consumers' experience of functional attributes is remembered, and the experience lowers the cost of consumers' input from their point of view and reduces uncertainty. It also plays an important role in consumers' positive emotions and responses. Accordingly, if information search costs are reduced in terms of the costs perceived by consumers about restaurants, a strategy differentiated from other companies can be established. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of functional congruence of restaurant stores on information search cost reduction, positive/negative emotions, and loyalty. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study investigated functional congruence, information search cost reduction, and positive/negative emotions. The structural relationship between loyalty was analyzed. To verify this, a research hypothesis was established based on previous studies and a research model was constructed. The questionnaire items were modified and used according to the current study, based on previous studies. The data were collected using the questionnaire method from 187 people who had dining out experience. Frequency analysis was performed to confirm demographic characteristics. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the collected data were verified. The research model was analyzed with a structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 4). Results: The findings show that functional congruence had significant positive effects on information search cost reduction and positive emotion, but no significant effect on negative emotion. Information search cost reduction had significant positive effects on positive emotion/negative emotion but did not significantly affect loyalty. Lastly, both positive and negative emotions had significant positive effects on loyalty. Conclusion: Based on transaction cost theory, this study found how functional congruence and information search cost reduction influence consumers' emotions. The functional attributes of restaurants were perceived by customers as information, thus uncertainty was decreased. Finally, appropriate management strategies and implications of functional congruence and information search cost in the restaurant were suggested.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-60
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• 2022

Previous studies stated that low carbon innovation performance could be influenced by government regulations and the green market, which is the new trend of consumer consumption in the present time, mainly focusing on external factors. Before study augured that low carbon innovation performance could be driven by internal and external factors of cooperation such as institutional pressure, stakeholder pressure, and innovation resources. However, the study of green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture on low carbon innovation performance is rare, especially in Chinese manufacturing, as well as the effect of influencing factors of TPB model: environmental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior capability on low carbon innovation performance. Previous studies mostly used the TPB model for predicting individual behavior. This study established a theoretical model combining the TPB model with green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture of Chinese automobile manufacturing on low carbon innovation performance. This study consists of two sections of research methodology: section 1 related to questionnaire design and data collection. We established a questionnaire and distributed it online, targeting responses from the managerial level working in Chinese automobile manufacturing. Eventually, 155 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. Section 2 involved data analysis using statistical software. Reliability and data validity was examined by reliability analysis and factor analysis. Correlations and convergent validity analyses were applied, and structural equation modeling was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that green transformational leadership, organizational environmental culture, and essential factors of TPB model; environmental attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior capability positively affect low carbon innovation performance. In addition, the indirect effect of green transformational leadership was tested and found that organizational environmental culture and TPB factors mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and low carbon innovation performance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.228-243
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• 2022

Purpose: The study aimed to translate the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI 32) into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity of CSI 32 and short-form (CSI 16, 4) in the Korean context, and to determine a cut-off score for Korean couples. Methods: Korean Versions of the Couple Satisfaction Index (K-CSI) 32 was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by five bilingual experts. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with data from a sample of 218 couples (N = 436) to test construct validity. Validity and reliability were evaluated. The receiver's operating characteristics curve analysis was used to obtain the cut-off score. Results: The construct validities of K-CSI 32, 16, and 4 were verified using one-factor structures. The results of CFA showed a slightly better fit for K-CSI 16 and 4 than for K-CSI 32. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations of K-CSI with Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Relationship Assessment Scale. Moreover, the significant differences in K-CSI between normal and depressive group demonstrated known-group validity. Cut-off scores of 105.5 on K-CSI 32, 50.25 on K-CSI 16, and 13.25 on K-CSI 4 were validated to identify distressed couple relationships. Conclusion: For clinical practice, the reliable and valid K-CSI 32 has the potential to measure changes in couple satisfaction after couple therapy or interventions. Applying K-CSI 32 may facilitate research on couple and family relationships in nursing and contribute to the discussion on the role of couple satisfaction in mental health.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.523-529
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• 2022

This study looked at how children's mental health is affected by Domestic violence and school violence at home and school after Covid-19, as well as how these victim experiences relate to children's mental health. This study surveyed 650 students from 14 middle schools in Wanju, Korea. The moderating effect of smartphone overdependence in the experience of violence and mental health was investigated. Major research findings: First, children's exposure to domestic violence and school violence has a significant impact on smartphone dependence. Second, children's exposure to domestic and school violence has a significant impact on their mental health. Third, it has been demonstrated that smartphone dependence is statistically significant in the relationship between domestic and school violence. Based on these findings, we present a convergent intervention and practice strategy for children in the Covid-19 era to cope with mental health problems and expand the support system.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.167-182
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• 2020

Ambidexterity in organizations, in general, is interpreted as flexibility that enables organizational innovation, which is important for survival in a competitive market. It applies to individual workers as well since the ambidexterity of explorational and exploitational IS use will enable the flexible transition between dynamic and operational work, and hence, increase the work performance. The current study will therefore investigate the individual levels of exploratory and exploitative IS use, as well as the complementary relationship between exploratory and exploitative IS use. In a third step, the differential influence of IS on work performance will be evaluated. The current study validated that complementary fit of IS use exploration and IS use exploitation increases performance. Polynomial regression and surface analysis are used to validate the incongruence of IS use pattern. They showed that the incongruence of ambidexterity is composed of two types of divergent vs. convergent ambidexterity which depends on the type of work that need dynamic or operational capability.