• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.256-259
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• 2014

A magnetic powder, M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19), was consolidated with the spark plasma sintering process. Three different holding temperatures, $850^{\circ}C$, $875^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ were applied to the spark plasma sintering process with the same holding times, heating rates and compaction pressure of 30 MPa. The relative density was measured simultaneously with spark plasma sintering and the convergent relative density after cooling was found to be proportional to the holding temperature. The full relative density was obtained at $900^{\circ}C$ and the total sintering time was only 33.3 min, which was much less than the conventional furnace sintering method. The higher holding temperature also led to the higher saturation magnetic moment (${\sigma}_s$) and the higher coercivity ($H_c$) in the vibrating sample magnetometer measurement. The saturation magnetic moment (${\sigma}_s$) and the coercivity ($H_c$) obtained at $900^{\circ}C$ were 56.3 emu/g and 541.5 Oe for each.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2001

This paper demonstrates the performance of industrial precise measurement using the digital close-range photograrmmetric system based on a off-the-shelf CCTV-type CCD camera. The system was constructed with a CCD camera and a PC with a frame grabber, coupled with digital image mensuration and self-calibrating bundle adjustment techniques. An artificial fish reef with cubic shape was taken as an object for the application test of the system and the digital images were acquired on multi-station convergent network around the object. The geometric calibration of the CCD camera and the phototriangulation of the entire surface of the object was carried out simultaneously by means of self-calibrating bundle adjustment technique. Also the system comprising a high resolution still-video camera Kodak DCS, which high accuracy potential has been already established, were employed in similar network condition. Then the results from two different camera systems were compared in the accuracies of phototriangulation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.5-19
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors contributing to sustainable competitive advantage for multi-level marketing (MLM) firms in Malaysia. The selected variables in this study are company image, product innovation, leadership, distributor rewards system and distributor training system. Research design, data, and methodology - Quantitative research method is employed with collected sample size of 398 respondents using judgmental sampling technique. Normality and reliability test were performed in the first stage utilizing SPSS 22 and Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) and variance analysis were obtained in the subsequent stage, following up with the overall fit of the measurement model, Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS 22 with maximum likelihood estimation to assess the internal consistency, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results - The research findings show that company image, leadership, distributor rewards system and distributor training system were supported and are factors affecting the sustainable competitive advantage of MLM companies in Malaysia. However, in this study, product innovation was not supported but this result does not depict that it is trivial and inconsequential in maintain sustainable advantage. Conclusion - Companies can build sustainable competitive advantage by focusing on these contributing factors. Several other comments and implications were brought to light and discussed in the paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.768-773
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• 2004

When a gas expands through a convergent nozzle in which the ratio of the ambient to the stagnation pressures is higher than that of the critical one, the issuing jet from the nozzle is underexpanded. If a flat plate is placed normal to the jet at a certain distance from the nozzle, a detached shock wave is formed at a region between the nozzle exit and the plate. In general, supersonic moist air jet technologies with nonequilibrium condensation are very often applied to industrial manufacturing processes. In spite of the importance in major characteristics of the supersonic moist air jets impinging to a solid body, its qualitative characteristics can not even know. In the present study, the effect of the nonequilibrium condensation on the underexpanded moist air jet impinging on a vertical flat plate is investigated experimentally. Flow visualization and impact pressure measurement are performed for various relative humidities and flat plate positions. The obtained results show the plate shock and Mach disk are dependent on the nozzle pressure ratio and the relative humidity, but for a given nozzle pressure ratio, the diameters of the plate shock and Mach disk depend on the stagnation relative humidity. The impact pressure deviation from the flow of without condensation is large, as the relative stagnation humidity increases.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate parenting stress of international marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and the Philippines. Methods: The concept of parenting stress of international marriage immigrant women was analysed with a hybrid model. Data were collected from 273 international marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and the Philippines who were raising their children aged 1 to 6 years. These collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, multitrait/multi-item matrix assessment, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency measurement. Results: The final instrument consisted of 28 items. The following six factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis: 'insufficiency of parenting support system', 'role burden of mothers', 'maladjustment of children', 'confusion of parenting methods due to cultural differences', 'unskilled Korean communication', and 'ordinary difficulties'. Construct validity (factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity) and criterion-related validity were confirmed. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value of total items was .92(95% CI .91-.94). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of values for these factors ranged from .76 to .85. Conclusion: The parenting stress scale for international marriage immigrant women is a valid and reliable tool.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2023

Purpose: Brand communication plays an important role in the credibility of consumer behavior as it enhances brand equity. This study investigates the effects of brand communication (firm-created communication, consumer-generated communication) on brand awareness, brand attitude, brand loyalty in the hotel business sector by applying the SOR theory (stimulus-organism-response theory). Research design, data, and methodology: This study was analyzed in a quantitative way using the survey results of 400 customers who had experience of visiting hotels. In this study, SmartPLS 4.0 was used to evaluate the research model. The reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the measurement tool were verified. Result: Result was found that consumer-generated communications had a positive effect on brand awareness and brand attitude, whereas firm-created communications had a significant effect on brand awareness. In addition, brand awareness had a positive effect on both brand attitude and brand loyalty. Finally, brand attitude was found to have a positive effect on brand loyalty. Conclusions: This study redefines the concept of where chain hotel groups should focus when providing consumers with information about their brands and services. As a result, the conceptual framework of brand communication to increase new customer visits to the hotel brand has been expanded.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting satisfaction as well as the intention of Gen Z customers to reorder food online in the context of a crisis. Research design, data and methodology: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected via the Internet by conducting an online survey of 652 Gen Z respondents, aged 15-25, in the south of Vietnam and using a convenience sampling method. To analyse the reliability of the scales, SPSS was used to run Cronbach's alpha. Then, SmartPLS was used to assess the measurement model, including variable reliability and validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed model, as well as test the hypotheses with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results: Social influence, price value, and convenience all have a positive effect on satisfaction and repurchase intention. Satisfaction not only plays a critical role in mediating the relationship between social influence, price value, convenience and repurchase intention but also has a positive impact on repurchase intention towards buying food online. Conclusions: This study was successful in identifying the factors of repurchase intention in a crisis setting among Gen Z customers by developing a theoretical research model via literature to complete a brief Theory of Planned Behaviour model. This study also took an innovative approach to earlier ones by demonstrating not just the significant effect of social influence on satisfaction and repurchase intention, but also by identifying critical variables that managers should focus on increasing and improving management.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool for burnout in general hospital nurses and verify its reliability and validity. Methods: Construct factors were extracted through an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nurses. Psychometric testing was conducted with 550 nurses in a general hospital. Data were analyzed using validity and reliability testing. Results: As a result of factor analysis, 4 factors and 26 items were selected. The burnout factors of general hospital nurses were professional quality of life, work environment excellence, job satisfaction, and negative emotions. The overall coefficient of determination was 46.38%. These factors were validated through convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α=.91). Conclusions: The Burnout Scale for General Hospital Nurses is a valid and reliable tool that contributes to the assessment of burnout in general hospital nurses. This scale is expected to be used in burnout practice and research of general hospital nurses.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

Purpose: Service quality plays an important role in the credibility of consumer behavior as it enhances brand loyality in hospitality business. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of service quality, positive emotion, brand affection, and brand loyalty in restaurant sector by applying the S-O-R model. The study also introduces a new integrated structural model that combines service quality's dimensions of physical quality, interaction quality, and outcome quality. Research design, data, and methodology: This study was analyzed in a quantitative way using the survey results of 395 customers who had experience of visiting restaurants. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and validated in prior studies. In this study, SmartPLS 4.0 was used to evaluate the research model. The reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the measurement tool were verified. Result: Result was found that service quality(physical quality, interaction quality, outcome quality) had a positive effect on positive emotion and brand affection. Also both of positive emotion and brand affection had a positive effect on brand loyalty. This study contributes to the service quality literature and has practical managerial implications.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.65-71
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• 2019

Conventional methods of measuring ground resistance and ground resistance field measurement are used to measure voltage drop according to the resistance value of the site by applying current by installing a constant interval of measurement electrode. If the stratified structure of the site site is unique, errors in boundary conditions will occur in the event of back acid and the analysis of the critical ground resistance in the ground design will show much difference from simulation. This study utilizes the Arduino module and smart ground measurement technology in the convergent information and communication environment to develop a reliable smart land resistance measuring device even if the top layer of land is unique, to analyze the land resistance and accumulate data to predict the change in the age of the land. Considering the topographical characteristics of the site, we propose a ground resistance measuring device and its method of measuring ground resistance so that the auxiliary electrode can be installed by correctly positioning the angle and distance in measuring ground resistance. Not only is ground resistance value obtained through electrodes installed to allow accurate ground resistance values to be selected, but it can also be used as a useful material for installing electrical facilities in similar areas. Moreover, by utilizing reliable data and analyzing the large sections of the site, a precise analysis of the site, which is important in ground design as well as construction cost, is expected to be used much in ground facility design such as potential rise.