• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effects of Cr dopant on the bulk trap level and grain boundary characteristics of $Bi_2O_3$-based ZnO (ZB) using dielectric functions such as $Z^*$, $Y^*$, $M^*$, ${\varepsilon}^*$, and $tan{\delta}$. More than two bulk traps of $Zn_i$ and $V_o$ probably in different ionization states could be identified in ZBCr($ZnO-Bi_2O_3-Cr_2O_3$). The grain boundaries of ZBCr could be electrochemically divided into two types: sensitive to ambient oxygen and thus electrically active one and oxygen-insensitive and thus electrically inactive one.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2008

The definition of convergence employed in this study is a sociocultural phenomenon where different patterns, genres or fields coexist along with the existence of a knowledge based society. The focus of this study was centered on identifying the characteristics of contemporary fashion paradigm in association with changing cultural convergence according to the theories of Mark Weiser and other futurologists. The purpose of this study was to delve into the features of this paradigm in conjunction with changing cultural convergence in 21st century's knowledge-based society, and the influence of convergence paradigm on fashion. After identifying the features of knowledge-based society paradigm in association with changing cultural convergence, the characteristics of the fashion paradigm in order to ascertain and analyze fashion trends. Conclusions based on analyzed data indicate that in a knowledge-based society, paradigm change resulting from convergence phenomena contributes to facilitating the dissolution of fashion from other fields and its fusion with other areas.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

In the age of full scale IoT, concept of "security convergence" has been popularized widely. However, it is not clear whether current "security convergence" concept reflects IoT characteristics and traits. In this thesis, a new concept, complementing "security convergence" concept researches up to date, has been suggested considering IoT characteristics. Required governance methodology and key technical factors are suggested for re-establishment of "security convergence" concept and for enterprise security strategy development.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.961-965
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• 2010

A reduced order observer with finite time convergence characteristics is proposed for linear time invariant systems. The proposed finite time reduced order observer(FTROO) is a dual observer scheme in which two reduced order Luenberger observers with asymptotic convergence characteristics and a finite time delay element are employed. The FTROO can be constructed so as to converge in the designer specified finite time independent of the eigenvalues of the reduced order observers. A numerical example is given to show the finite-time convergence characteristics of the proposed FTROO.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.95-102
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• 2002

Studies of the numerical characteristics of implicit upwind schemes, such as upwind ADI, Line Gauss-Seidel(LGS) and Point Gauss-Seidel(LU) algorithms, for preconditioned Navier-Stokes equations ate performed. All the algorithms are expressed in approximate factorization form and Von Neumann stability analysis and convergence studies are made. Preconditioning is applied for efficient convergence at low Mach numbers and low Reynolds numbers. For high aspect ratio computations, the ADI and LGS algorithms show efficient and uniform convergence up to moderate aspect ratio if we adopt viscous preconditioning based on min- CFL/max- VNN time-step definition. The LU algorithm, on the other hand, shows serious deterioration in convergence rate as the grid aspect ratio increases. Computations for practical applications also verify these results.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-25
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• 2022

Convergence, a universal phenomenon in modern society, takes place in various ways throughout society, and the concept of convergence can also be observed in fashion shows. The concept of convergence is actively emerging in terms of fashion show directing. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development of fashion show directing by analyzing the convergence characteristics of fashion show directing through a Louis Vuitton fashion show, and to provide data on convergence in fashion shows. The object of the study is the women's Paris Pret-a-porter and women's cruise collection presented at the Louis Vuitton fashion show. The research method integrated the criteria for analysis and the characteristics of fashion show production through previous studies and a literature review. The characteristics of convergence production in Louis Vuitton fashion shows were identifeid through literature and visual data. In this study, the convergence of the Louis Vuitton fashion shows were divided into four categories: genre integration, sensory synesthesia, perspective diversification, and media scalability. First, the integration of genres enhanced the brand image and effectively conveyed the concept of the show. Second, the synesthesia of the senses expanded communication with the audience and increased the audience's immersion. It has also become a new way to experience fashion shows in person. Third, the diversity of perspectives changed and diversified the way audiences experienced fashion shows. Fourth, the scalability of the media means various ways in which the audience can experience fashion shows. Through this, it is possible to effectively convey information and experiences about fashion shows to the audience.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.467-479
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• 2017

This study examines how the characteristics of cooperative research and development (R&D) projects in the public domain impact information and communication technology (ICT) convergence. Based on the analysis of 416 cooperative R&D projects under the ICT-based industry convergence R&D program in Korea, the study finds that the characteristics of cooperative R&D projects significantly impact ICT convergence. Moreover, the participation of public research institutes and universities is critical for ICT convergence compared with that of firms. However, in firm-to-firm cooperation, the participation of small and medium enterprises contributes to cross-sectional convergence, while the participation of large firms leads to overall and longitudinal convergence. R&D inputs such as the number of partners and government subsidies exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship (negative quadratic effect) with technology convergence. Project duration and homogeneous partners are also critical factors for ICT convergence. The results indicate several implications and guidelines on how to effectively organize cooperative R&D projects to facilitate technology convergence.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

Purpose - The aim of this study was to analyze the educational needs of distribution company salespeople in core competencies for convergence and their general perception of convergence education. Furthermore, this study provides basic data on core competencies for convergence needed by them. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted on 104 distribution company salespeople who worked near Seoul, Korea to analyze the perceptions of their educational needs in core competencies for convergence education, according to their socio-demographic characteristics. The socio-demographic characteristics were gender, age, workplace size, education background, work experience and business category. The questionnaire consisted of demographic factors (7 questions), general perception of convergence education (5 questions), perception of importance of core competency for distribution company salespeople (9 questions), and current perception of distribution company salespeople on core competency of convergence workers (9 questions). Park et al.(2014)'s categorization of convergence core competencies was used: Cognitive convergence (creative thinking, critical thinking and understanding of convergence knowledge), convergence performance (problem solving, communications, collaboration and application of convergence tools) and attitude toward convergence (empathy and responsibility). Data was collected through an independent sample of t-tests and a one-way analysis of variance and the Borich Needs Assessment Model was used to identify the educational needs of distribution company salespeople in the core competencies of convergence education. Results- The results show that the subjects recognized the need for convergence education to be high among the general perceptions. The perception scores for workers of different backgrounds only varied according to the size of the business. Moreover, the results of the educational needs analysis and the ranks of the required core competencies of convergence workers by the subjects were as follows: 1. convergence knowledge understanding competency, 2. creative thinking competency, 3. convergence tool application competency, 3. communications competency, 4. problem solving competency, 5. collaboration competency, 6. critical thinking competency, 7. empathy competency, 8. responsibility competency. Conclusions - This study highlights the necessity of developing university curriculum that can nurture the core competencies of conversion education reflecting distribution company salespeople's requests as well as cultivating qualified convergence workers required by distribution company workers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2022

With the growing interest in convergence, there have been various attempts to measure convergence, but the definition of convergence is ambiguous and consensus on appropriate indicators has not been reached, so measurement of convergence is still at a rudimentary stage. In this study, using the KSIC-IPC linkage table developed by the Korean Intellectual Property Office to analyze the correlation and impact of patents, industry, economy, and population, we propose a new evaluation model that can evaluate industry convergence from patent data. In addition, it was verified whether the industry convergence derived from this properly reflects the corporate convergence characteristics. As a result of classifying the convergence of 39,740 patents owned by global major automobile companies, and evaluating the degree of convergence of each company, it was confirmed that the industry convergence derived using the KSIC-IPC linkage table better reflects the corporate convergence characteristics than the technology convergence classified by IPC co-classification. Therefore, the industry convergence data of automotive sector derived from the new industry convergence evaluation model using the KSIC-IPC linkage table is expected to be widely used for future convergence research.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2016

As the ICT is an industry which is the basis of the technology convergence, it is the driving force of development for new business opportunities and existing industries. But, most of the existing studies for ICT convergence have identified the trend for convergence in technological terms. So, it is difficult to identify the convergence trend in the subject innovation perspective which leads the innovation activities In the ICT industry. The newly entered companies in the ICT industry are key indicators to identify the convergence trend. They have two specific characteristics that show the wide range of the convergence technology and the application rate of the convergence. Because previous studies did not take into account these two characteristics of the newly entered companies, so it is hard to analyze the exact convergence trend. Therefore, in this paper, we classify the patents for the ICT industry depending on the subject innovation. Then, we deduct the core convergence technology in the ICT industries and application area of the non-ICT industries.