• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.24-33
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• 2001

this paper describes a baseline for an implementation of a corpus-based Korean TTS system. The conventional TTS systems using small-sized speech still generate machine-like synthetic speech. To overcome this problem we introduce the corpus-based TTS system which enables to generate natural synthetic speech without prosodic modifications. The corpus should be composed of a natural prosody of source speech and multiple instances of synthesis units. To make a phone level synthesis unit, we train a speech recognizer with the target speech, and then perform an automatic phoneme segmentation. We also detect the fine pitch period using Laryngo graph signals, which is used for prosodic feature extraction. For break strength allocation, 4 levels of break indices are decided as pause length and also attached to phones to reflect prosodic variations in phrase boundaries. To predict the break strength on texts, we utilize the statistical information of POS (Part-of-Speech) sequences. The best triphone sequences are selected by Viterbi search considering the minimization of accumulative Euclidean distance of concatenating distortion. To get high quality synthesis speech applicable to commercial purpose, we introduce a domain specific database. By adding domain specific database to general domain database, we can greatly improve the quality of synthetic speech on specific domain. From the subjective evaluation, the new Korean corpus-based TTS system shows better naturalness than the conventional demisyllable-based one.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

A reinforcement is required to ensure the structural safety in case of railway embankment excavation under railway load. A large diameter soil nailing with concrete wall is applied as the reinforcement method instead of the conventional soil nailing system. In this study, a series of 3 dimensional numerical analyses are performed to investigate the optimum reinforcement considering 15 different conditions based on the length, lateral spacing, diameter, and inclination of the reinforcement. The interface between soil nail and perimetric grout is considered by means of cohesion, stiffness and perimeter of the grout. 0.3 m of reinforcement diameter is assessed as the most appropriate based on the economical viewpoint though ground displacement decreases with the increase of diameter, however the difference of displacement is negligible between 0.4 m and 0.3 m of diameter. Surface settlement, lateral displacement of wall, and stress of reinforcement are calculated and economic viewpoint to reinforce embankment considered. Consequently, the optimum reinforcement conditions considering those factors are evaluated as 3 m in length, 0.3 m in diameter, 1.5 m in lateral spacing, and 10 degree of inclination angle in the case of 3 m of excavation depth. Additionally, inclined potential failure surface occurs with approximately 60 degrees from the end of nails and the surface settlement and wall lateral displacement are restrained successfully by the large diameter soil nailing, based on the result of shear strain rate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.170-177
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• 2020

This study examined the clamping force control method and the braking performance test results of an electromechanical brake (EMB) using braking test equipment. Most of the studies related to EMBs have been carried out in the automotive field, dealing mainly with the static test results for various control methods. On the other hand, this study performed a dynamic performance evaluation. The three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) was applied to drive the actuator of the EMB, and the analysis was verified by JMAG(Ver. 18.0), which is finite element method (FEM) software. The current control, speed control, and position control were used for clamping force control of the EMB, and the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control was applied to the current controller for efficient control. The EMB's emergency braking deceleration performance was tested in the same way as conventional pneumatic brake systems when the wheel of a train rotates at 110 km/h, 230 km/h, and 300 km/h. The emergency braking time, with the wheel stopped completely at the maximum rotational speed, was approximately 73 seconds. The similarity of the braking time and deceleration pattern was verified through a comparison with the performance test results of the pneumatic brake system applied to the next generation high-speed railway vehicle (HEMU-430X).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Objectives : To demonstrate the need for differential diagnosis between discogenic pain and lumbar sprain and strain in acute low-back pain patients. Methods : Outpatients who made their first visits during May 1, 2009 to Oct. 30, 2009(n=53) were examined by history taking, physical examination, X-rays, and CT imaging. Disorders found on lumbosacral spine X-ray cuts and those on lumbosacral spine CT images were separately recorded. The relationship between treatment period, disc space narrowing and disc degeneration on X-rays, and HIVD on CT images was examined. Results : 1. Correlation between disc space narrowing on X-rays and HIVD found on CT images was analyzed. 21(72.41%) out of 29 patients having disc space narrowing on X-rays and HIVD on CT at the same level required treatment for over 8 weeks. 2. 2(50%) out of 4 Lawrence classification grade I patients, 8(66.67%) out of 12 grade II patients, and 14(70%) out of 20 grade III patients needed treatment for over 8 weeks. Conclusions : Disc space narrowing on X-ray and HIVD on CT at the same level, or disc space narrowing and disc degeneration on X-ray image alone indicate a tendency for treatment periods over 8 weeks, which is longer than the conventional treatment period for lumbar strain and sprain.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.109-130
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• 2010

As many countries in the world including the Republic of Korea have used all their national resources in the accelerating economic information warfare, illegal leakage of industrial technologies and information has increased rapidly. The costs required for damage prevention from 2007 to 2008 are estimated at approximately KRW 180 trillion which is expected to increase gradually in future. Because the tricks of leaking key technologies are also getting increasingly systematized, sophisticated and bigger, e.g., simple theft at the individual level or the conspiracy of all the staff taking part in the research activities, we should pay special attention to technology security in addition to technology development. While there are several factors affecting such the brain drain, they usually include personal, social, political and cultural factors, for instance, very heavy educational expenditure of children compared to relatively low pay, the speedy labor market circulation for experienced personnel, or political restrictions on researches. In this context, as part of efforts made to prevent the outflow of core personnel, individual companies and research institutes should establish systematically appropriate core personnel management systems for their own organizational or business goals and principles which are intented to ensure to give better treatment and benefit to core personnel and to exercise closer supervision over them. Furthermore, the conventional personnel management system should be radically and flexibly improved in the manner of encouraging the core personnel returning to the organization to combine their external experiences with practices, instead of penalizing them. At the same time, it is necessary to train and educate core personnel through mutual collaboration and in-house training facilities as well as external academic programs operated jointly at the level of the industry. Finally, as the issues concerning the outflow of core personnel are not just problems of relevant companies and other advanced countries have devoted their best efforts to secure their own key technologies at the national level, it is urgent for the industry and the competent authorities to cooperate closely.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the correlations between undergraduates' major-interest congruence and stress coping behaviors and major adjustment. And in order to find there is any group violating Holland's congruence hypothesis, this paper divides them into four groups according to the degree of major-interest congruence and major adjustment. Also, it examines the difference of stress coping behaviors among the four groups. The followings are the chief results of this paper. First, according to the result of analyzing the effects of major-interest congruence and stress coping behaviors on major adjustment, congruence did not affect major adjustment significantly. Second, according to the result of dividing them into four groups by the degree of major-interest congruence and major adjustment, there is one group with high congruence but low major adjustment and also a group with low congruence but high major adjustment. Third, according to the result of examining the difference of stress coping behaviors among the four groups by the degree of major-interest congruence and major adjustment, there is significant difference among the four groups. Above results imply that in major adjustment, we should consider factors other than major-interest congruence, and stress coping behaviors are particularly important for it. Therefore, it is necessary to train their stress coping behaviors and also develop programs to facilitate major adjustment. Also, it implies that in the use of Holland's theory, it is crucial to use it based on the client's various information and uniqueness rather than to apply it in a conventional or unconditional way.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

In this study, data linking module called GeoSWMM was developed using a typical secondary flooding model SWMM in order to improve the accuracy of the input data of SWMM and to map hourly inundation estimation areas that were not represented in the conventional inundation map. GeoSWMM is a data linking module of GIS and SWMM, which can generate a SWMM project file directly from sewer network GIS data. Utilizing the GeoSWMM the project file of SWMM model was constructed in the study area, Seocho 2-dong, Seoul. The actual flooding has occurred September 21, 2010 and the actual rainfall data were used for flood simulation. As a result, the outflow started from 2 PM due to the lack of water flow capacity of the sewage system. Based on the results, hourly inundation estimation maps were produced and compared with flood train map in 2010. The comparison showed about 66% matching in the overlap of inundation areas. By utilizing GeoSWMM that was developed in this study, it is easy to build the sewer network data for SWMM. In addition, the creation of hourly inundation estimation map using SWMM will be much help to flood disaster prevention plan.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.430-436
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• 2018

Special railway vehicles for track maintenance are equipped with a tamping device that adjusts various track trajectories to reduce the vibration of rolling stock and improve ride quality during trains passing over a track. The development of a simulator that can confirm the error of the actual tamping work is important for reducing human error in the linearization of the track misalignment. In this study, to improve the reality and training effect of conventional 2D simulator, 3D simulator modeling was implemented for tamping work of special railway vehicles in virtual space. The problem of buffering during high screen quality of tamping work was solved using the Unwrap UVW mapping technique of a low polygon extracted from high quality polygon modeling. The human error in the training of the tamping work was detected by the principle of circle and square collision when the tamping tyne and the sleeper collided. In addition, vibration of the driving chair was generated at the same time as the collision, and the number of the sleeper strikes is displayed on the simulator exercise screen. Owing to the scattering of railway ballast protruding from the sleepers, which had a serious effect on the safety of the vehicle, the gravel bouncing effect of the tamping unit was applied.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.23
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

The paper analyzed the metaphoric expressions appeared in whose cinematic quality has been subjectively recognized on the global stage by winning the Oscar for Best Animated Short Film. Many contents and visual effects of the film were expressed with metaphor. Story and sequence were analyzed through the language system-based 'Conceptual Metaphor Analysis Framework'. In addition, characters have been analyzed through the 'Visual Metaphor Analysis Framework'. The framework is to analyze visual dimensions which are derived when concepts are structuredin animation. This paper has attempted to investigate and reveal patterns how animation self-organizes or how animation self-realizes through linguistic objectives. That is, it is to reveal how animation communicates with the audience from the metaphoric perspective among many conventional ones. In an animated film, metaphor is a fundamental means to connect fragmented images, produce a holistic view and therefore induce creative communication with the audience. The essential motive of metaphor which is expressed in various styles in is modern people's feeling of loss and sense of missing something. Train, bottle top, food, lost-and-found center, in-between space and lost items have significance across the movie. According to an analysis, metaphor offers simplicity and freshness as an aesthetic function. In addition, the metaphor expresses lengthy contents and various meanings implicitly, delivering an economic function. With a creative function, metaphor is a tool to generate new meanings. In other words, an animated film is a medium to inspire and move the general public as a means of communication and thinking, not just an entertainment for young generations. After all, metaphoric expressions have been used to deliver diverse and deep meanings in animated films.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

In many cases, operation of regional trunk lines is not profitable to railway operators. Nevertheless, railway operators are under pressure to manage regional trunk lines running under deficits, to better serve public interests. Given this situation, railway operators need to optimize assets by adjusting train schedules or changing the number of trains running. When railway operators judge the operation of a regional trunk line, the B/C ratio is generally used as a management index. This ratio is not considered part of strategic operational policy over the long term, and excessively influenced by the aspects of supply and demand over the short term. Accordingly, this study focused on indices that might be used to prevent worsening deficits and provide long term strategic operation policies, main indices to better measure economic situations, and auxiliary indices to supplement the main index. The main indices were measured in conventional ways to target experts and employees. This study presents quantitative standards, which are intended to be used to create itemized criteria through an Analytic Hierarchy Process, for better decision-making.