• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.10A
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• pp.1113-1122
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• 2004

This paper is basically to achieve the high-availability and high-reliability of the control system from the implementation of the fault-tolerant system using the hot-standby sparing technique. To meet the objective, we design and implement a board with fault tolerance I/O bus to detect the fault. Warm-standby sparing technique is the fault tolerance technique usually used for switching control system in present. This technique can be easily implemented, but can not detect the fault quickly and can malfunction because of the hardware fault. The hot-standby sparing fault tolerant technique implemented in this paper is consists of dual processor modules and a I/O processor using fault tolerant I/O bus. The proposed method can find the faults as soon as possible, so it can prevent from wrong operation. Also it is possible to normal re-service due to the short recovering time. To implement the fault-tolerant dual system with fault detection be, two daughter, called FTMA and FTIA, boards designed and implemented are applied to the system. And we also simulated the proposed method to verify the high-availability and high-reliability of the control system using Markov process.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2018

This study set out to conduct a field survey with smart greenhouse-based farms in seven types to figure out the actual state of smart greenhouses distributed across the nation before selecting a system to implement an optimal greenhouse environment and doing a research on higher productivity based on data related to crop growth, development, and environment. The findings show that the farms were close to an intelligent or advanced smart farm, given the main purposes of leading cases across the smart farm types found in the field. As for the age of farmers, those who were in their forties and sixties accounted for the biggest percentage, but those who were in their fifties or younger ran 21 farms that accounted for approximately 70.0%. The biggest number of farmers had a cultivation career of ten years or less. As for the greenhouse type, the 1-2W type accounted for 50.0%, and the multispan type accounted for 80.0% at 24 farms. As for crops they cultivated, only three farms cultivated flowers with the remaining farms growing only fruit vegetables, of which the tomato and paprika accounted for approximately 63.6%. As for control systems, approximately 77.4% (24 farms) used a domestic control system. As for the control method of a control system, three farms regulated temperature and humidity only with a control panel with the remaining farms adopting a digital control method to combine a panel with a computer. There were total nine environmental factors to measure and control including temperature. While all the surveyed farms measured temperature, the number of farms installing a ventilation or air flow fan or measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide was relatively small. As for a heating system, 46.7% of the farms used an electric boiler. In addition, hot water boilers, heat pumps, and lamp oil boilers were used. As for investment into a control system, there was a difference in the investment scale among the farms from 10 million won to 100 million won. As for difficulties with greenhouse management, the farmers complained about difficulties with using a smart phone and digital control system due to their old age and the utter absence of education and materials about smart greenhouse management. Those difficulties were followed by high fees paid to a consultant and system malfunction in the order.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.102-106
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to study the failure cases in relation to system of Air Bag in vehicle happened in the field. In the first example, it was separated the soldering parts connected the wire pin between air bag module and clock spring of air bag. Whenever the pin shake by the car's vibration, the driver verified the malfunction phenomenon appeared air bag warning lamp on instrument panel in front of driver's seat. in car inside room. The second example, it verified the warning lamp lighting phenomenon of air bag by produced the circuit plate non-contacting of single an element in air bag electronic control unit. The third example, it verified the light of air bag warning indicator lamp by separated with soldering parts connecting inner pin and resistance terminal of seat belt pretensioner using passenger seat. The fourth example, when the passenger car crash a back of truck, the former bumper get jammed under the latter as the roof height of car low less than that. Therefore, the impact of Car's collision verified that don't transfer with body frame of vehicle because of no attachment impact sensor in it.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to maintain high efficiency and reasonable use of cool thermal storage systems operated in the domestic building sector. As the result of efficiency test from the five types of operated cool storage systems on the condition that COP ranges are 2.6 to 3.4 during the day time and 2.1 to 3.0 during the night time and it decreased by more than 30% of rated COP given 3.8 to 3.0. The Analysis of cool storage rate shows that only 3 (21.4%) systems out of 15 buildings hold to over 40% capacity for its total capacity. To prevent the decrease in operating efficiency, it should correct the malfunction of 3-way valve and expansion valve and the mistake of control values for schedule program and increase cooling tower capacity. In order to improve piping line, it needs bypass brine line off refrigerator, separation of chilled water line with Ice Slurry system at day and night time and speed control of chilled and warm water pumps. This study does require the more studies on improving difficulty of increasing cooling load with Ice on Coil system, waterproofing with Ice Ball system, COP drop during the night time with Ice Lens, low operating temperature during the day time with Ice Slurry and increasing of Power loss due to hot gas de-icing with Ice Harvest in the future.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.945-955
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• 2016

To date, chemical managements of plant bacterial diseases are complicated by limitations on use of antibiotics in agriculture, antibiotic resistance development, and limited efficacy of alternative control agents. In this study, thus, we performed screening of eco-friendly farming material (notice no. 2-4-064) containing tannic acid as new antibacterial-activity against 7 plant bacterial pathogens: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), Xanthomonas cirti pv. citri (Xcc), Erwinia pyrifoliae (Ep), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), and Streptomyces scabies (Sc), Initial screening of antibacterial effects of eco-friendly farming material was performed using the paper disk diffusion method and co-cultivation in broth culture. Tannic acid based eco-friendly farming material showed inhibitory effect against Pcc, Rs, Aac, Xcc, Cmm, and Ss, whereas it did not show inhibition zone against Ep. However, when it tested by co-cultivation in broth culture, it showed strong inhibition effect against all pathogens that declined growth curve compared to bacterial pathogen only. Interestingly, when we observed morphological changes on those pathogens by SEM, cell morphologies of 7 pathogens were slightly changed that seem to be malfunction in their cell envelope.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 1990

To investigate the neurological effect of acrylamide, whole brain of Intoxicated mouse induced early hindlimbs ataxia was examined by using the methods of SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional electrophoresis. In the gel patterns by SDS-PAGE, when the patterns of each group were compared relatively, there were no remakable changes but in the patterns of 2D-PAGE, some protein alterations were observed. Especially, the spots containing 20 (14,500, 5.64) and 21 (19,900, 6.78) were disappeared, and the spots 9 (31,300, 5.82), 11 (31,300, 5.36) and 19 (16,400, 5.42) showed marked decrease relatively in the case of treatment group. Among these changed spots, the spot 20 (14,500, 5.64) showed higher quantity than that of control group but several spots containing the spots 11 (31,300, 5.36), and 19(16.400, 5.42) were identical or equal to those of control In quantity in the case of recovery group. It seems that acrylamide might already inhibit the brain protein synthesis mechanism at the time of onset of distal neuropathy by participation in the protein metabolism so as to impair the brain regulation ability followed by a malfunction of mouse central nervous system (CNS) and recovery is gradually progressed with the dose and duration dependence after the cessation of acrylamide administration.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude saponin from Korean red ginseng on clinical chemical parameters in ovariectomized rats. The crude red ginseng saponin was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography and spirit. Tota1 of 50 rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC), sham-ovariectomized (SO), ovariectomized (OR), ovariectomized and saponin treated (OS) and normal control treated with saponin (NS). Saponin was intraperitonally administered for 12 weeks since 1 week before ovariectomy: The body weight of ovariectomized rats showed no significant change but that of NS group showed significant increase when compared with NC group. Platelet counts of serum showed significant increase when treated with saponin regardless of ovariectomy. Triglyceride content of serum in NC group was 152.1 mg/㎗, while that of OR group was decreased to 99.9 mg/㎗ However, when saponin was administered, the content was increased to 138.0 mg/㎗. The weight of spleen also showed significant increase when treated with saponin, while the other organs showed no weight changes. On the other hand, ovariectomy in rats induced decrease in femur weight by 10% when compared with NC group. However, administration of crude saponin in ovariectomized rats recovered the weight of the femur to the similar level of NC (e<0.01 0.05). In addition, femur weight of NS group indicated 10 to 16% higher value than that of NC. These results suggest that Korean red ginseng saponin attenuates phyiological disorders induced by malfunction of ovary.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.117-125
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a classification algorithm based on the obtained EEG(Electroencephalogram) signal for the control of 'left' and 'right' turnings of which a driving system composed of EEG sensor, Labview, DAQ, Matlab and driving robot. The proposed algorithm uses features extracted from frequency band information obtained by DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) and selects features of high discrimination by using Fisher score. We, also propose the number of feature vectors for the best classification performance by using SVM(Support Vector Machine) classifier and propose a decision pending algorithm based on MLD (Maximum Likelihood Decision) to prevent malfunction due to misclassification. The selected four feature vectors for the proposed algorithm are the mean of absolute value of voltage and the standard deviation of d5(2-4Hz) and d2(16-32Hz) frequency bands of P8 channel according to the international standard electrode placement method. By using the SVM classifier, we obtained 98.75% accuracy and 1.25% error rate. Also, when we specify error probability of 70% for decision pending, we obtained 95.63% accuracy and 0% error rate by using the proposed decision pending algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.74-80
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• 2005

This paper presents a misfire monitoring method by using the weight factor. According to OBD II(On-Board Diagnostics) regulations of the CARB (California Air Resources Board), an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) should detect misfires which occur in the internal combustion engine. A misfire is 1311owe4 by post-oscillations for short duration. Sometimes, the amplitude of oscillations may be as high as misfire and can be falsely detected as another misfire. To prevent this, the software designers do not attempt to detect another misfire for this short duration, during which the post oscillations exist. Because of this, ECU does not detect all the misfires and hence, the unstable state of automobile cannot be detected. If this happens for a long time, automobile may get damaged. To solve these problems, this paper suggests a new algorithm to detect misfire by using weighting factor Weighting factor is a concept to distinguish the misfire with the post oscillation and to improve the detection rate. This value of weighting factor is used for counting the misfire. This paper also shows the result of experiment done on a automobile using this software. The software is implemented using ASCET-SD which is preferred in the design of engine control. This paper's result show the possibility of improving the misfire detection by implementing this algorithm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2023

Hair graying is the result of a malfunction in the signaling pathways that control melanogenesis, and it is activated by UV light, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), stem cell factor (SCF), Wnt, and endothelin-1 (ET-1). To prevent hair graying, synthetic and natural compounds can be used to stimulate melanogenesis effectively under the control of tyrosinase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). This article describes a crucial strategy to resolve the problem of hair graying, as well as recent advances in the signaling pathway related to melanogenesis and hair graying. In particular, the article reviews potentially effective therapeutic agents that promote melanogenesis, such as antioxidants that modulate catalase, methionine sulfoxide reductase, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activators including resveratrol, fisetin, quercetin, and ginsenoside. It also discusses vitiligo inhibitors, such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and palmitic acid methyl ester, as well as activators of telomerase expression and activity, including estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and dihydrotestosterone. Furthermore, it explores compounds that can inhibit hair graying, such as latanoprost, erlotinib, imatinib, tamoxifen, and levodopa. In conclusion, this article focuses on recent research trends on compounds that promote melanin production related to hair graying.