• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

Used small household appliances have a wide variety of product types and component materials, and contain high percentage of black plastics. However, they are not being recycled efficiently as conventional sensors such as near-infrared ray (NIR), etc. are not able to detect black plastic by types. In the present study, an automatic sorting system was developed based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to promote the recycling of waste plastics. The system we developed mainly consists of sample feeder, automatic position recognition system, LIBS device, separator and control unit. By applying laser pulse on the target sample, characteristic spectral data can be obtained and analyzed by using CCD detectors. The obtained data was then treated by using a classifier, which was developed based on artificial intelligent algorithm. The separation tests on waste plastics also were carried out by using a lab-scale automatic sorting system and the test results will be discussed. The classification rate of the radial basis neural network (RBFNNs) classifier developed in this study was about > 97%. The recognition rate of the black plastic by types with the automatic sorting system was more than 94.0% and the sorting efficiency was more than 80.0%. Automatic sorting system based on LIBS technology is in its infant stage and it has a high potential for utilization in and outside Korea due to its excellent economic efficiency.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

Researches regarding measurement and control of the dynamic behavior of liquid such as sloshing have been actively on undertaken in various engineering fields. Liquid vibration is being measured in the study of tuned liquid dampers(TLDs), which attenuates wind motion of buildings even in building structures. To overcome the limitations of existing wave height measurement sensors, a method of measuring liquid vibration in a TLD using a laser Doppler vibrometer(LDV) and galvanometer scanner is proposed in this paper: the principle of measuring speed and displacement is discussed; a system of multi-point measurement with a single point of LDV according to the operating principles of the galvanometer scanner is established. 4-point liquid vibration on the TLD is measured, and the time domain data of each point is compared with the conventional video sensing data. It was confirmed that the waveform is transformed into the traveling wave and the standing wave. In addition, the data with measurement delay are cross-correlated to perform singular value decomposition. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are compared using theoretical and video sensing results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1123-1129
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• 2015

A pair of two-way valves typically is used in automotive washing machines, where the water flow direction is frequently reversed and highly pressurized clean water is sprayed to remove the oil and dirt remaining on machined engine and transmission blocks. Although this valve system has been widely used because of its competitive price, its application is sometimes restricted by surging effects, such as pressure ripples occurring in rapid changes in water flow caused by inaccurate valve control. As an alternative, one three-way reversing valve can replace the valve system because it provides rapid and accurate changes to the water flow direction without any precise control device. However, a cavitation effect occurs because of the complicated bottom plug shape of the valve. In this study, the cavitation index and percent of cavitation (POC) were introduced to numerically evaluate fluid flows via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. To reduce the cavitation effect generated by the bottom plug, the optimal shape design was carried out through a parametric study, in which a simple computer-aided engineering (CAE) model was applied to avoid time-consuming CFD analysis and difficulties in achieving convergence. The optimal shape design process using full factorial design of experiments (DOEs) and an artificial neural network meta-model yielded the optimal waist and tail length of the bottom plug with a POC value of less than 30%, which meets the requirement of no cavitation occurrence. The optimal waist length, tail length and POC value were found to 6.42 mm, 6.96 mm and 27%, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objectives : The mechanical properties of Korean electric cupping systems are studied via experimental measurements. The study aimed at establishing the fundamentals of industrialization and systemization of oriental medicine device industry, as well as improving the quality of life for many Koreans. Methods : We reviewed the studies on traditional cupping as well as modern one to fine necessary factors for electric cupping systems. To characterize the mechanical properties of Korean electric cupping systems, we measured the pressure characteristics of commercially available electric cupping system by using an automatic pressure acquisition system and a standard cup. The pumping capability was checked at 40 seconds, and the stability of the suction cup was checked at 600 seconds. We also acquired the noise level of each system in clinical setting. To check the portability of each system, we also measured its physical dimensions. We scrutinized system manuals provided by the system manufacturers. Results : It took less than 5 second to reach the pressure if the connection between the air hose and the vacuum valve of the cupping system was secure. Pressure diminished to no more than 10% for 600s for all systems. Noise levels were 55~70 dB. Increase in pressure was too fast to control for a designated vacuum level except for one product. Conclusions : The Pumping ability of the systems is impressive and reliable. Pressure retention ability of each cup is quite reliable and reproducible. Therefore, their mechanical performances were worthy of recommendation. Some of them had noise level higher than 60 dB and they were bothersome. It was also suggested that the control for low to middle pressure needed to be accomplished by the cupping system.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose the radiation measuring algorithm and the device composition using CMOS image sensor. The radiation measuring algorithm using CMOS image sensor is based on the radiation particle distinguishing algorithm projected to the CMOS image sensor and accumulated and average number of pixels of the radiation particles projected to dozens of images per second with CMOS image sensor. The radiation particle distinguishing algorithm projected to the CMOS image sensor measures the radiation particle images by dividing them into R, G and B and adjusting the threshold value that distinguishes light intensity and background from the particle of each image. The radiation measuring algorithm measures radiation with accumulated and average number of radiation particles projected to dozens of images per second with CMOS image sensor according to the preset cycle. The hardware devices to verify the suggested algorithm consists of CMOS image sensor and image signal processor part, control part, power circuit part and display part. The test result of radiation measurement using the suggested CMOS image sensor is as follows. First, using the low-cost CMOS image sensor to measure radiation particles generated similar characteristics to that from measurement with expensive GM Tube. Second, using the low-cost CMOS image sensor to measure radiation presented largely similar characteristics to the linear characteristics of expensive GM Tube.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

The communication between the center system and the local controller in the Traffic Signal Controller Specification has been specified by a communication line for the exclusive use and the analog modem serial protocol. Therefore, it can't be adapted in the ITS communication network of the TCP/IP protocol being constructed in the local city. The international and domestic ITS device's communication specification has adapted the DATEX-ASN data exchange technique based on the ethernet communication network. So, this study was performed by the purpose of developing the application communication protocol's standard draft based on the TCP/IP communication protocol for the traffic signal controller, to be able to constitute the traffic signal control system in the ITS communication network. The communication format for 23 items of control, status, and database request etc. which are specified in the standard traffic signal controller was developed by appling the DATEX-ASN data interface procedure and structure which are KS ISO X 14827 Part1, 2, ISO/ DIS 15784 Part-3. To test the developed protocol, the application program for the communication items was developed and according to the test result, the encoding and the decoding transection for all communication items was possible.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

The settlements by liquefaction seldom occur uniformly because of soil homogeneity, however differential settlements are major cause of the damages to structures. From the past researches, author paid attention to the fact that stress history during undrained cyclic shear process affects greatly on the volumetric strains of the post-liquefaction. Therefore, the effect of the residual shear strain in cyclic shear process was examined in this study. The experiment apparatus based on strain control with volumetric strain control device was used for the study to investigate the effect of the residual strain on the relationship between volumetric strain and effective stress of clean and granite sandy soil. It could be seen an insignificant difference in the volumetric strain after liquefaction under various residual shear strain conditions in the case of clean sand. On the other hand, in granite sandy soil, the volumetric strain after liquefaction was small when the lower level of the residual shear strain was applied. And, the residual shear strain during cyclic shear affected the shape of the relation curve between effective stress and volumetric strain as well.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.447-453
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• 2004

In the case of a capsule that can acquire and transmit images from the intestines, the size of the module and the battery capacity in the capsule are subject to restriction. The capsule must be swallowable and the battery must maintain the stable power during the capsule travels in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is important to control the endoscope using bi-directional wireless communication. In this study, encoder and decoder CPLD modules for bi-directional capsule endoscopes were designed and implemented. The designed controller for capsule endoscope can transmit the images of GI-track from inside to outside of the body and the capsules can be controlled by external controller simultaneously. The designed and implemented controller was verified by an in-vivo animal experiments. From these experiments, it was verified that the CPLD module for bi-directional capsule endoscope satisfied the design specifications.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of tooth preparation abilities of students according to three self-assessment methods. Materials and Methods: forty-eight sophomores in Kyungpook National University College of Dentistry were divided into three experimental groups. Students performed tooth preparation of the left mandibular first molar for full gold crown. They performed self-assessment using the three methods (visual, digital, and putty index self-assessment group), and reperformed tooth preparation. An intraoral scanner was used to scan each tooth model (prepared tooth and unprepared tooth), and data were acquired in standard tessellation language (STL) file format. The STL files of prepared tooth and unprepared tooth were superimposed using the 3-dimensional analysis software (Geomagic control X). And the reduction amount was measured. In the statistical analysis, all values of reduction amount were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results: The three self-assessment methods showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). The putty index self-assessment group showed the highest reduction in error than the digital self-assessment method. Conclusion: Within limitations of this study, students showed significant differences in improvement of tooth preparation ability according to the three self-evaluation methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.398-404
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a non-elastic fixation belt on the balance ability and fall prevention in elderly women. Elderly women experience reduced balance ability and an increased risk of falls due to a weakening of the surrounding sacroiliac joint and pelvic muscles during childbirth and menopause. On the other hand, specific studies are still needed. The subjects were allocated randomly to two groups: control (n=20) and experimental (n=20). The experimental group used a non-elastic fixation belt, whereas the control group had no fixation belt. The balance ability and the fall index were measured in all subjects using a balance measurement device, and the low abdominal muscle thickness was determined in the experimental group using ultrasound imaging for the exact application of the non-elastic fixation belt. The following statistical analysis was performed: an independent t-test for the general characteristics of the subjects, $2{\times}2$ analysis of variance with repeated measures for the balance and fall index score, and a paired t-test for the abdominal muscle thickness. The group ${\times}$ time interaction effect showed significant improvement in the General Stability Index (F1,38=47.24, p=0.001), Fourier Harmony Index (F1,38=88.83, p=0.001), Weight Distribution Index (F1,38=50.21, p=0.001), and Fall Index (F1,38=21.59, p=0.001). The thicknesses of the transverse abdominal (p=0.001) and internal oblique (p=0.001) muscles were increased significantly in the experimental group after using the non-elastic fixation belt. Overall, the application of a non-elastic fixation belt could be effective in improving the balance ability and fall prevention in elderly women.