• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2009

Flash butt welding is applied in many industries. New technology was developed recently for joining billets which called "EBROS (Endless Bar Rolling System)". After reheating billets in furnace, two billets were joined using flash butt welding. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alloying elements on mechanical properties of flash butt welded zone of hot rolled steel bar. The tensile properties on welded zone of Fe-Mn steel and Fe-Mn-V steel were dropped as compared with non-welded zone. Fe-Mn-Nb steel was opposed to the former. It was found that the white band at the welded zone had high ferrite volume fraction and large ferrite grain size. The vertical white band between flash butt welded billets was transformed into an arrowhead it of steel bar. According to this band, softening has been appeared. There was a interesting phenomenon with HAZ of Fe-Mn-Nb Steel, 40nm scale of particles were observed and hardness of HAZ was higher than non-welded zone.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1031-1033
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• 2005

This paper presents a system of handwritten numerals recognition, which is based on Ant-miner algorithm (data mining based on Ant colony optimization). At the beginning, three distinct fractures (also called attributes) of each numeral are extracted. The attributes are Loop zones, End points, and Feature codes. After these data are extracted, the attributes are in the form of attribute = value (eg. End point10 = true). The extraction is started by dividing the numeral into 12 zones. The numbers 1-12 are referenced for each zone. The possible values of Loop zone attribute in each zone are "true" and "false". The meaning of "true" is that the zone contains the loop of the numeral. The Endpoint attribute being "true" means that this zone contains the end point of the numeral. There are 24 attributes now. The Feature code attribute tells us how many lines of a numeral are passed by the referenced line. There are 7 referenced lines used in this experiment. The total attributes are 31. All attributes are used for construction of the classification rules by the Ant-miner algorithm in order to classify 10 numerals. The Ant-miner algorithm is adapted with a little change in this experiment for a better recognition rate. The results showed the system can recognize all of the training set (a thousand items of data from 50 people). When the unseen data is tested from 10 people, the recognition rate is 98 %.

• Architectural research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

An interesting of desktop air-conditioning system is the Personal Environmental Module(PEM) System. The PEM system allows the occupant to choose the desired temperature, air volume and direction of the discharged air. In this study, the measurements on the age of air and the air change effectiveness, using the tracer gas method, are carried out to analyze the ventilation performance for provision of fresh air near the breathing zone by the PEM. The relations between the PEM for optimal control and other factors related to indoor air quality, and the ventilation for the PEM are examined. Also, three different supply diffuser types(desktop, floor and ceiling) are compared in view of their ability to distribute supply air to the workstation breathing zone. The desktop diffuser type could deliver air directly to the occupants breathing zone with a high degree of effectiveness. The minimum local age of air was measured in the breathing zone, which is directly supplied with air from the PEM diffusers, and the measured local air change effectiveness of the desktop diffuser in the breathing zone was about 1.13 to 1.23 times greater than that of the ceiling and floor diffusers. When the minimum outside air change rate as specified using ASHRAE Standard 62R is supplied with a desktop diffuser type, the volume of outside air can be reduced 13 to 23%, resulting in a commensurate in ventilation energy use.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2018

The Soyangho Reservoir in Korea has a large drawdown zone, with an annual maximum water level fluctuation of 37 m due to dam operations to maintain a stable water supply and control flooding, especially during the monsoon period. The floristic composition, distribution and biomass of the major plant communities in the drawdown zone of the Soyangho Reservoir were assessed in order to understand their responses to the wide water level fluctuation. Species richness of vascular plants was low, and species composition was dominated by herbaceous annuals. Principal coordinates analysis using both flora and environmental data identified slope angle and the distance from the dam as important factors determining floristic composition. The species richness was low in the steep drawdown zone close to the dam, where much of the soil surface was almost devoid of vegetation. In shallower slopes, distant from the dam plant communities composed of mainly annuals were found. The large fluctuation in water level exposed soil where these annuals could establish. An overall biomass of 122 t (metric tons) Dry Matter was estimated for the reservoir, containing ca 3.6 t N (nitrogen) and ca 0.3 t P (phosphorus); the role of the vegetation of the drawdown zone in carbon sequestration and water pollution were briefly discussed.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

Objectives : Cleanser is the most basic tools used in daily skin care. I made a cold process soap using Castanea crenata inner shell (CCIS). I'd like to study the effect of face wash using CCIS cold process (CP) soap on the skin. Methods : The same water and towel were used at the same place in order to examine the skin change state immediately before and after washing face. The skin test was performed before and after 10 minutes washing the face in order to remove these external environmental factors, such as lifestyle, alcohol, tobacco, and stress etc. As a control group, the cases of washing with water and foam cleanser (F/C), which is a popular commercial product, were set. Three cases were compared and analyzed. Results : In the case of water washing, there was a significant decrease in oil (U-zone) but that was not good effect. In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, there were significant decrease in oil (T-zone), pores and pigmentation, but the significance was bigger in CCIS washing. In the case of pores, there was a significant decrease in all three cases. Conclusion : In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, it showed the effect of reducing T-zone oil, pores and pigmentation. But the significance was greater in CCIS case than in F/C case. CCIS cp soap is considered as a form of face wash that is suitable for skin care.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2024

Fire, being primarily a natural phenomenon, is impossible to control, although it is feasible to map the forest fire risk zone, minimizing the frequency of fires. The spread of a fire starting in any stand in a forest can be predicted, given the burning conditions. The natural cover of the land and the safety of the population may be threatened by the spread of forest fires; thus, the prevention of fire damage requires early discovery. Satellite data and geographic information system (GIS) can be used effectively to combine different forest-fire-causing factors for mapping the forest fire risk zone. This study mainly focuses on mapping forest fire risk in the Madikhola watershed. The primary causes of forest fires appear to be human negligence, uncontrolled fire in nearby forests and agricultural regions, and fire for pastoral purposes which were used to evaluate and assign risk values to the mapping process. The majority of fires, according to MODIS events, occurred from December to April, with March recording the highest occurrences. The Risk Zonation Map, which was prepared using LULC, Forest Type, Slope, Aspect, Elevation, Road Proximity, and Proximity to Water Bodies, showed that a High Fire Risk Zone comprised 29% of the Total Watershed Area, followed by a Moderate Risk Zone, covering 37% of the total area. The derived map products are helpful to local forest managers to minimize fire risks within the forests and take proper responses when fires break out. This study further recommends including the fuel factor and other fire-contributing factors to derive a higher resolution of the fire risk map.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 요약집
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• pp.128.2-128.2
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• 2003

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 1984

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2004년도 요약집 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.88.2-88.2
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• 2004

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 요약집
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• pp.225.2-225.2
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• 2003