• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand morality identity, occupational stress and authentic leadership and identify factors contributing to turnover intention among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 230 nurses at the university hospitals in Daegu, Ulsan and Busan between February 15 and March 23, 2017. Instruments measuring turnover intention, moral identity, occupational stress, and authentic leadership were utilized. Statistical analysis included t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: A total of 207 nurses in ICU participated in this study. The power of explanation with age and dependents on turnover intention was 4.1%. With inclusion of occupational stress, moral identity, and authentic leadership factors put into the model, further 20.4% was explained. The explanatory power of the turnover intention in the final model was 23.6% (F=11.63 p<.001), and occupational stress was the key factor explaining turnover intention (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001). Predictive factors contributing to turnover intention were age, occupational stress, moral identity, and authentic leadership in final model. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated occupational stress, moral identity and authentic leadership as critical factors contributing turnover intention of ICU nurses. It is necessary to promote nursing manager's authentic leadership, and to encourage moral identity in ICU nurses. In addition, providing intervention programs to reduce occupational stress for ICU nurses is necessary.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.43-66
• /
• 2019

Home-based business (HBB) is one of the fastest growing form of business start-ups where the business is conducted from home. In develop economies, the HBB industry is an engine for economic growth that has proven its viability through significant contribution to the national GDP. In view of its importance, the Saudi Ministry of Commerce and Industry encourage local women to start and develop their own HBB as it gives them the flexibility while still contributing to the national economy. Although various initiatives have been taken place, little information is available about Saudi HBB. This study therefore aims to determine the factors that contribute to the growth as well as the challenges of female HBB in Saudi Arabia. The study was based on qualitative approach which adopted an in-depth interview with eleven Saudi females who run HBB. The findings revealed that HBB contributing factors comprised of access to funding, sufficiency of savings and the influence of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in starting the business. Meanwhile, the obstacles are government regulations and policies, culture, and home design. The study recommendations include improving banks and service institution policy and procedures to enable HBB to have access to funding and services and to develop legal policies to protect the right of the HBB operator and customers. Finally, the study also suggests future research on managerial factors that can contribute to HBB female success, the stress coping mechanism of HBB and the factors contributing to the difference between HBB in growth strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.230-241
• /
• 2023

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic pain and its contributing factors among teenagers aged 12-21 years in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents aged 12-21 years. Demographic variables of the adolescents and their parents as well as the pain characteristics were assessed. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and regression models were used to describe the characteristics of the pain and its predictive factors. Results: The prevalence of chronic pain was 23.7%. The results revealed no significant difference between the male and female participants regarding the pain characteristics, except for the home medications used for pain relief. The results of a chi-square test showed that the mother's pain, education, and occupation, and the father's education were associated significantly with chronic pain in adolescents (P < 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression also showed the mother's history of pain played a significant role in the incidence of adolescents' chronic pain. Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic pain was relatively high in these adolescents. The results also provided basic and essential information about the contributing factors in this area. However, consideration of factors such as anxiety, depression, school problems, sleep, and physical activity are suggested in future longitudinal studies.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.5-19
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors contributing to sustainable competitive advantage for multi-level marketing (MLM) firms in Malaysia. The selected variables in this study are company image, product innovation, leadership, distributor rewards system and distributor training system. Research design, data, and methodology - Quantitative research method is employed with collected sample size of 398 respondents using judgmental sampling technique. Normality and reliability test were performed in the first stage utilizing SPSS 22 and Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) and variance analysis were obtained in the subsequent stage, following up with the overall fit of the measurement model, Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS 22 with maximum likelihood estimation to assess the internal consistency, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results - The research findings show that company image, leadership, distributor rewards system and distributor training system were supported and are factors affecting the sustainable competitive advantage of MLM companies in Malaysia. However, in this study, product innovation was not supported but this result does not depict that it is trivial and inconsequential in maintain sustainable advantage. Conclusion - Companies can build sustainable competitive advantage by focusing on these contributing factors. Several other comments and implications were brought to light and discussed in the paper.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.95-110
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study were 1) to identity housing fund by the type of housing mobility and 2) to analyze the variable contributing to housing fund by the type of housing mobility. For these purposes, the 1993 KHPSD data was used and the sample in this study consisted of 2,796 couple households. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies, means, univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis. As the results, the composition and the amount of housing fund according to the type of housing mobility, were different respectively. Housing fund was consisted of previous housing sales price, savings deposits, loans, inheritance, subsidy, and personal debts. Households who already own houses used housing finance for their housing fund easily while renters were at a disadvantage to use housing finance. Moreover, among the contributing factors, home ownership, number of family member, residence, average monthly income, average monthly expenditure, husband's education attainment, satisfaction with housing, husband's job, and the type fo housing were positively associated with the amounts of housing funds. However, duration fo residence tended to negatively related to the amounts of housing funds.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of low weight and to investigate related factors contributing to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV), the researchers selected 2,964 older adults aged over 65. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of low weight in older adults was 4.7%. The prevalence of low weight was different according to demographic characteristics. That is, the rate was higher in male elders, older ones, and rural residents. In the cases of current smoking, frequent alcohol consumption and no chronic disease, the prevalence of low weight was higher. Age, gender, area of residence, and current smoking were found to be contributing factors to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. Conclusion: The result of this study provides important insights into possible reasons for low weight in community- dwelling older adults and suggests that low weight should be considered in promoting older adults' health.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 ITA/EA 기능이 IT거버넌스에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서, 조직에서 ITA/EA가 역할을 하고 있는 몇 가지 기능요인들을 도출하였다. 또한 이 요인들이 IT거버넌스에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 총 223개의 조직에 대한 설문조사를 통한 자료를 통계적으로 분석한 결과, 인프라 체계화, 의사결정 향상 그리고 IT 프로세스 및 지원 기능들이 IT거버넌스에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2011

측두하악장애증상 및 기여요인과 성격유형과의 관련성을 규명하고자 경기도 지역 대학에 재학중인 학생 199명(평균연령 $21.0{\pm}2.9$세, 남자 73명, 여자 126명)을 대상으로 MBTI 검사와 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 내향성(I)이 외향성(E)보다, 감각형(S)이 직관형(N)보다, 사고형(T)이 감정형(F)보다, 인식형(P)이 판단형(J)보다 한 가지 이상의 주관적 측두하악장애증상을 가지고 있는 자의 비율 및 한가지 이상의 기여요인을 갖는 자의 기여요인 수 평균치가 높은 경향을 보였다. 2. ISTP와 ISFP는 다른 성격유형들에 비해 한 가지 이상의 주관적 측두하악장애증상을 가지고 있는 사람의 비율과 한 가지 이상의 기여요인을 갖는 사람의 비율에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 내향성(I)이 외향성(E)보다, 감각형(S)이 직관형(N)보다, 감정형(F)이 사고형(T)보다, 판단형(J)이 인식형(P)보다 개구시 악관절부 동통 증상의 빈도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. 이악물기 습관과 스트레스는 내향성(I)이 외향성(E)보다 높은 빈도를 보였고(p<0.05), 껌 씹는 습관은 외향성(E)이 내향성 (I)보다 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.05). 5. 편측저작습관은 판단형(J)이 인식형(P)보다 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.05). 6. 성격이 느긋한 편이거나 보통인 경우보다는 예민한 편이거나 신경질적인 경우가 측두하악장애 증상수의 평균치가 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 7. 보통 성격이 다른 성격들에 비해 기여요인 수의 평균치가 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.0001). 결론적으로 측두하악장애는 개인의 성격과 관계가 있으므로 환자의 성격 유형을 고려한 상담과 교육의 활용이 측두하악 장애 치료에 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1539-1541
• /
• 2012

Cholangitis is relatively uncommon but associated mortality is high due to the predisposition in people with underlying disease. For this recognition of contributing risk factors is necessary. Therefore, the present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional survey was designed to determine contributing risk factors for post-ERCP cholangitis in patients with pancreatic cancer. From 2005 to 2010, 110 consecutive cases of pancreatic cancer attending to a tertiary referral centre (Taleghani Hospital), Tehran, Iran were recruited. The patients all underwent stenting via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). On univariate analysis, a metallic stent type (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.025-11.34, P=0.037), having no jaundice (1.44-2.22, P=0.009), having no pain (1.32-1.91, P=0.026), a history of prior ERCP (1.16-10.37, P=0.020), and having a proximal biliary stone (1.002-5.93, P=0.046) were related to cholangitis. However on multivariate analysis, none of these factors were found to be contributing risk factors. Cholangitis is avoidable with adequate biliary drainage. Because success rates are higher and complication rates lower for endoscopists performing large volumes of ERCP, performance of the procedure should be concentrated as much as possible in institutions with endoscopists having adequate experience. Patients with a high risk for complications may be best served by referral to an advanced center.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.23-56
• /
• 2023

To investigate the causes of Korea's growth slowdown over the past thirty years, we estimate the contributions of major developmental factors, including i) demographic factors (changes in population growth and workforce age due to the demographic transition), ii) quality-of-life-related choice factors (changes in working hours, education, and the female employment rate), iii) structural change, and iv) the effects of productivity catch-up. Our estimates show that these four groups of factors account for approximately 90 percent of the growth slowdown, with demographic factors contributing approximately 30 percent and the other three groups of factors each contributing about 20 percent. We also show that the same factors explain most of Korea's high growth in the 1980s. These results suggest that Korea's growth slowdown is basically a consequence of its successful economic development and that the high growth and subsequent slowdown can be regarded as a single process. In addition, given that the factors examined here exhibit similar patterns of change in the course of economic development of most countries, we think that our estimation results of the relationship between economic development and changes in economic growth trends could have more general implications that go beyond Korea's experience.