• 제목/요약/키워드: Contrast Agents

검색결과 274건 처리시간 0.03초

Simultaneous Evaluation of Cellular Vitality and Drug Penetration in Multicellular Layers of Human Cancer Cells

  • Al-Abd Ahmed Mohammed;Lee Joo-Ho;Kuh Hyo-Jeong
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • 제36권5호
    • /
    • pp.309-314
    • /
    • 2006
  • The multicellular layers(MCL) of human cancer cells is a three dimensional(3D) in vitro model for human solid tumors which has been used primarily for the assessment of avascular penetration of anti-cancer drugs. For anti-cancer drugs with penetration problem, MCL represents a good experimental model that can provide clinically relevant data. Calcein-AM is a fluorescent dye that demonstrates the cellular vitality in a graded manner in cancer cell culture system. In the present study, we evaluated the use of calcein-AM for determination of anti-proliferative activity of anti-cancer agents in MCL model of DLD-1 human colorectal cancer cells. Optical sectioning of confocal imaging was compromised with photonic attenuation and penetration barrier in the deep layers of MCL. By contrast, fluorescent measurement on the cryo-sections provided a feasible alternative. Cold pre-incubation did not enhance the calcein-AM distribution to a significant degree in MCL of DLD-1 cells. However, the simultaneous determination of drug penetration and cellular vitality appeared to be possible in drug treated MCL. In conclusion, these data suggest that calcein-AM can be used for the simultaneous determination of drug-induced anti-proliferative effect and drug penetration in MCL model.

서울시 일개 구 재가 치매노인 특성 연구 -일반노인과의 비교를 중심으로- (A Study on the Characteristics of the Demented Elderly staying at home)

  • 오진주;김희걸;권영숙
    • 지역사회간호학회지
    • /
    • 제12권1호
    • /
    • pp.214-225
    • /
    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of the demented elderly and normal elderly over 65 staying at home in Seoul. Here, the demented elderly are defined as the aged who score under 20 on the MMSE-K testing. The subjects were 15.104 elders in home. The method is a cross-sectional study home visiting survey with questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted by using frequency, percentage, t-test and ANOVA procedures. Results are as follows: First, general characteristics such as sex, age, marriage, education, physical health, and family characteristics such as economic level and single living showed a significant variance between demented elderly and normal elderly. Second, the demented elderly showed a significantly high point of AD and IADL. Third, in contrast with normal agents, the dementia showed a high need for assistance from the care giver but followed the same pattern. In conclusion, the above findings suggested that a social support system should be developed for the demented elderly and care givers in the home.

  • PDF

Which Dosing Scheme is Suitable for the Taxanes\ulcorner An in Vitro Model

  • Sanli, Ulus-Ali;Uslu, Ruchan;Karabulut, Bulent;Sezgin, Canfeza;Saydam, Guray;Omay, Serdar-Bedii;Goker, Erdem
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • 제25권4호
    • /
    • pp.550-555
    • /
    • 2002
  • The discovery and development of the taxane class of antitumor compounds represent significant advances in the treatment of patients with a variety of malignancies. These drugs are effectively used in the treatment of breast cancer. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of fractionated usage of both paclitaxel and docetaxel as a single agent in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. It has been shown that the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel was increased when the divided $IC_{50}$ concentrations were used sequentially and in contrast to paclitaxel, cytotoxic effect of docetaxel was decreased with the same schema and the single dose of $IC_{50}$ concentration was optimal. The cause of the difference between the cytotoxic effects of two agents with this schedule is obscure. Demonstrating mechanisms, which are responsible for these differences, will be important for more rational use of taxoids and to provide basis for the following clinical trials.

A Novel Approach to the Discovery of Non-systemic Anti-inflammatory Steroids; Antedrug

  • Lee, Henry-J.;Ko, Dong-Hoon
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • 제22권3호
    • /
    • pp.279-287
    • /
    • 1999
  • Therapeutic use of anti-inflammatory steroids is limited due primarily to their systemic suppressive effects on pituitary function and the immune system.. To overcome the clinical limitation, a new approach toward the discovery of non-systemic anti-inflammatory steroids is based upon the antedrug concept introduced by this laboratory. The new concept describes locally active agents which are designed to undergo a predictable biotransformation to inactive metabolites upon entry into systemic circulation from the applied site. Thus, true antedrugs are devoid of systemic adverse effects. In a continuing effort, 16$\alpha$-carboxylate and isoxazoline derivatives of prednisolone have been synthesized and screened. In the croton oil-induced ear edema bioassay, the following relative potencies were obtained setting hydrocortisone=1.0; 3a, 1.5; 3b, 3.1; 4a, 4.0; 4b, 12.2; 5b, 8.2; 6b, 11.2; 7a, 1.9; 7b, 4.1; 8a, 3.3; 8b 6.8; 9a, 0.7; 9b 8.6; 10a 2.6; 10b, 7.4. Results of the five-day bioassay indicated that, in contrast to the parent compound, the novel steroidal antedrugs did not significantly alter body weight gain, thymus weights, adrenal weights or plasma corticosterone levels. Taken together, the antedrug concept appears to be a fundamentally sound strategy for the separation of local anti-inflammatory activity form systemic adverse effects.

  • PDF

Antifungal activities of extracts from different parts of mulberry plant against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp.

  • Kwon, O-Chul;Ju, Wan-Taek;Kim, Hyun-Bok;Kim, Yong-Soon
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
    • /
    • 제38권1호
    • /
    • pp.6-13
    • /
    • 2019
  • In the present study, we investigated the antifungal activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of different parts (leaves, twigs, and root bark) of mulberry plant against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp. Among them, the methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry root bark exerted the highest inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of A. alternata ($70.6{\pm}1.6$ to $80.8{\pm}6.7%$ and $58.7{\pm}0.0$ to $80.8{\pm}6.7%$, respectively) and Fusarium sp. ($15.5{\pm}2.7$ to $39.3{\pm}3.4%$ and $26.4{\pm}2.7$ to $47.6{\pm}4.8%$, respectively). In contrast, the methanol and ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves and twigs did not suppress the mycelial growth of these fungal species. Importantly, the methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry leaves tended to even accelerate the mycelial growth of A. alternata and Fusarium sp. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry root bark can be used as control agents against A. alternata and Fusarium sp.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli and MS2 coliphage by Cu(II)-activated peroxomonosulfate in natural water

  • Kim, Hyung-Eun;Lee, Hye-Jin;Kim, Min Sik;Choi, Joon-Young;Lee, Changha
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
    • /
    • 제10권3호
    • /
    • pp.231-237
    • /
    • 2019
  • Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in combination with Cu(II) was examined to inactivate E. coli and MS2 coliphage in natural water. The combined system (i.e., the Cu(II)/PMS system) caused a synergistic inactivation of E. coli and MS2, in contrast with either Cu(II) or PMS alone. Increasing the concentration of PMS enhanced the inactivation of E. coli and MS2, but after a certain point, it decreased the efficacy of the microbial inactivation. In the Cu(II)/PMS system, adding reactive oxidant scavengers marginally affected the E. coli inactivation, but the inhibitory effects of copper-chelating agents were significant. Fluorescent assays indicated that the Cu(II)/PMS system greatly increased the level of reactive oxidants inside the E. coli cells. The sequential addition of Cu(II) and PMS inactivated more E. coli than did adding the two simultaneously; in particular, the inactivation efficacy was much higher when Cu(II) was added first. The observations from the study collectively showed that the microbial inactivation by the Cu(II)/PMS system could be attributed to the toxicity of Cu(I) as well as the intracellular oxidative stress induced by Cu(III) or radical species.

Effect of Surface Modifying Agents Towards Enhancing Performance of Waste Gypsum Based PBAT Composite

  • Kong, Tae Woong;Kim, In Tae;Sinha, Tridib Kumar;Moon, Junho;Kim, Dong Ho;Kim, Inseon;Na, Kwangyong;Kim, Min-Woo;Kim, Hye-Lin;Hyeong, Taegyeong;Oh, Jeong Seok
    • Elastomers and Composites
    • /
    • 제55권4호
    • /
    • pp.347-353
    • /
    • 2020
  • Stearic acid (SA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and malic acid (MA) have been used to modify the surface of waste gypsum to develop corresponding poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites. According to the mechanical properties, MA-treated gypsum (MA-gypsum) showed the best performance, whereas SA-gypsum showed the worst performance. In contrast to SA and PEG (having -COOH and -OH as polar functional groups, respectively), the presence of both -OH and -COOH in MA is responsible for the superior surface treatment of gypsum and its better dispersion in the polymer matrix (as revealed by FE-SEM analyses). The presence of long aliphatic chain in SA is supposed to inhibit the dispersion of SA-gypsum. Further, the performance of MA-gypsum/PBAT was enhanced by adding polylactic acid (PLA). The maximum optimized contents of MA-gypsum and PLA are 20 and 7.5 wt% for developing a high-performance PBAT composite.

MRI-Guided Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy

  • Ji-Ae Park;Jung Young Kim;Hee-Kyung Kim
    • 대한방사성의약품학회지
    • /
    • 제8권2호
    • /
    • pp.113-118
    • /
    • 2022
  • Gadolinium neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT) is a precision radiation therapy that kills cancer cells using the neutron capture reaction that occurs when 157Gd hits thermal neutrons. 157Gd has the highest thermal neutron capture cross section of 254,000 barns among stable isotopes in the periodic table. Another stable isotope, 155Gd, also has a high thermal neutron trapping area (~ 60,700 barns), so gadolinium that exists in nature can be used as a Gd-NCT drug. Gd-NCT is a mixed kinetic energy of low-energy and high-energy ionizing particles, which can be uniformly distributed throughout the tumor tissue, thereby solving the disadvantage of heterogeneous dose distribution in tumor tissue. The Gd complexes of small-sized molecule are widely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical practice. Therefore, these compounds can be used not only for diagnosis but also therapy when considering the concept of Gd-NCT. This multifunctional trial can look forward to new medical advance into NCT clinical practices. In this review, we introduce gadolinium compounds suitable for Gd-NCT and describe the necessity of image guided Gd-NCT.

실버 설파다이아진이 첨가된 의치상용 레진의 Candida albicans에 대한 항균평가 및 물성 평가 (Evaluation of the physical properties and antibacterial effects on Candida albicans of denture base resin containing silver sulfadiazine)

  • 최유리;강민경
    • 한국치위생학회지
    • /
    • 제23권6호
    • /
    • pp.459-466
    • /
    • 2023
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and antibacterial activity of denture base resin with added silver sulfadiazine. Methods: Specimens were made from self-curing denture base resin and silver sulfadiazine as an inorganic antibacterial agent. For physical evaluation of the specimens, surface roughness, surface hardness, and contact angle were measured. Bacterial growth was assessed by optical densityat 600 nm (OD600) and colony forming units (CFU) measurements to confirm antibacterial activity. Results: There was no significant difference in surface roughness, surface hardness, and contact angle in the experimental group containing silver sulfadiazine compared to the control group. In contrast, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in antibacterial activity compared to the control group in terms of OD value. Analysis of CFU confirmed a significant decrease in colonies in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Denture base resin containing silver sulfadiazine, an inorganic antibacterial agent, exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity without physical changes. In conclusion, the use of denture base resin containing inorganic antibacterial agents may be expected in the future.

Imaging Evaluation of Peritoneal Metastasis: Current and Promising Techniques

  • Chen Fu;Bangxing Zhang;Tiankang Guo;Junliang Li
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
    • /
    • 제25권1호
    • /
    • pp.86-102
    • /
    • 2024
  • Early diagnosis, accurate assessment, and localization of peritoneal metastasis (PM) are essential for the selection of appropriate treatments and surgical guidance. However, available imaging modalities (computed tomography [CT], conventional magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [PET]/CT) have limitations. The advent of new imaging techniques and novel molecular imaging agents have revealed molecular processes in the tumor microenvironment as an application for the early diagnosis and assessment of PM as well as real-time guided surgical resection, which has changed clinical management. In contrast to clinical imaging, which is purely qualitative and subjective for interpreting macroscopic structures, radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) capitalize on high-dimensional numerical data from images that may reflect tumor pathophysiology. A predictive model can be used to predict the occurrence, recurrence, and prognosis of PM, thereby avoiding unnecessary exploratory surgeries. This review summarizes the role and status of different imaging techniques, especially new imaging strategies such as spectral photon-counting CT, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and PET/MRI, for early diagnosis, assessment of surgical indications, and recurrence monitoring in patients with PM. The clinical applications, limitations, and solutions for fluorescence imaging, radiomics, and AI are also discussed.