• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the relaxation effects and its mechanisms of Nelumbinis Semen(NS) extract in isolated rabbit corpus cavernous tissues. In order to examine the relaxation effects and its mechanisms of NS, we treated the ethanol extract of NS(0.01-3.0 mg/ml) and indomethacin(IM), tetraethylammonium chloride(TEA), Nω -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), methylene blue(MB) were treated before NS extract to contracted strips induced by PE 1 μM. We also treated calcium chloride(Ca) 1 mM after pretreatment of NS extract in Ca²⁺-free krebs-ringer solution to contracted strips induced by PE. Cell viability and NO concentration on human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) was measured by MTT assay, Griess reagent system. eNOS production was investigated by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. NS extract was significantly affected on the relaxation of cavernous strips and NS extract-induced relaxation was not different by pretreatment of IM, TEA, MB, but inhibited by the pretreatment of L-NNA. And increase of contraction induced by Ca²⁺ addition, in a Ca²⁺-free solution, was decreased by pretreatment of NS. NO concentration on HUVEC was increased. When NS extract was applicated on corpus cavernosum of penis(CCP) in SHR, ratio of smooth muscles to collage fibers by PE was decreased and formation of eNOS around helicine artery was increased. These results suggest that CCP relaxation effects of NS extract are shown by suppressing influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ through the production of NO and eNOS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1680-1685
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• 2015

Since ancient days, domestic horses have been closely associated with human civilization. Today, horse racing is an important industry. Various genes involved in energy production and muscle contraction are differentially regulated during a race. Among them, creatine kinase (CK) is well known for its regulation of energy preservation in animal cells. CK is an iso-enzyme, encoded by different genes and expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and leucocytes. We confirmed that the expression of CK-M significantly increased in the blood after a 30 minute exercise period, while no considerable change was observed in skeletal muscle. Analysis of various tissues showed an ubiquitous expression of the CK-M gene in the horse; CK-M mRNA expression was predominant in the skeletal muscle and the cardiac muscle compared to other tissues. An evolutionary study by synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ratio of CK-M gene revealed a positive selection that was conserved in the horse. More studies are warranted in order to develop the expression of CK-M gene as a biomarker in blood of thoroughbred horses.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2012

노인 우울은 삶의 만족을 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 노인 자살의 중요한 위험요인이다. 본 연구에서는 남자와 여자 노인의 배우자 유무와 우울과의 관련성에 대하여 질병관리본부에서 실시한 4기 2차년도 2008년 국민건강영양조사 대상자중 65세 이상 노인 남자 615명, 여자 904명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석은 카이제곱 검정과 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 일반적 특성, 이환 및 건강관련 특성과 우울과의 관련성을 파악하였다. 연구결과 연령, 가구소득, 주관적 건강상태, 활동제한 유무, 스트레스 정도 등을 보정한 다중로지스틱 회귀분석에서 배우자가 없는 남자 노인의 비차비는 2.37(95% CI 1.03-5.45)로 우울을 더 느꼈으며, 여자노인의 경우에서는 배우자의 유무와 우울과는 관련성이 없었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2003

Background ＆ Aims : The aim of this study was to investigate the change of dominant power with observation of gastric myoelectrical activity and its parameter linkage in electrogastrography. Methods : Electrogastrography was performed on a total of 123 subjects (113 patients with functional dyspepsia, 10 healthy controls) for 30 min in fasting state and 50 min in postprandial state. Average myoelectrical activity per frequency and accumulated electrical activity of 5 min duration in each bradygastria, normogastria, and tachygastria were measured at the moment of frequency switchover of slow wave. Assumed parameter linkages were also investigated among dominant frequency, ％ of normal regularity, and dominant power (or power ratio). Results : Average myoelectrical activity per frequency was highest in bradygastria (mean 1.10-1.47 Volt/s), next highest in normogastria (mean 0.50-0.82 Volt/s), and lowest in tachygastria (mean 0.44-0.47 Volt/s). Average accumulated myoelectrical activity was highest in normogastria (mean 114.90-126.29 Volt/ss), next highest in tachygastria (mean 71.02-90.00 Volt/ss), and lowest in bradygastria (mean 12.93-51.94 Volt/ss). Significance of parameter linkages were noted in dominant frequency (p< 0.01) and in ％ of normal regularity (p< 0.01), but not in dominant power in case of frequency shift from bradygastria to normogastria (p=0.376). Conclusion : Dominant power is not a parameter that reflects the gastric myoelectrical activity related with only gastric contraction. Bradygastric dominant power does not follow the inter-parameter linkage of electrogastrography for gastric motility assessment.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.435-442
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 PVC를 분류하기 위하여 웨이브렛 계수를 기반으로 하는 fuzzy-ART 네트워크를 설계하였다. 설계된 네트워크는 feature를 추출하는 부분과 fuzzy-ART 네트워크를 학습시키는 부분으로 구성된다. 우선 feature의 문턱치 구간을 설정하기 위하여 심전도 신호의 QRS를 검출하였고, 검출된 QRS는 Haar 웨이브렛을 이용한 웨이브렛 변환에 의해 주파수 분할하였다. 분할된 주파수 중에서 입력 feature를 추출하기 위하여 저주파 영역의 6번째 계수(D6)만을 선택하였다. D6신호는 입력 feature를 구성하기 위한 문턱치를 적용하여 fuzzy-ART 네트워크의 2진수 입력 feature로 전환하였고, PVC를 분류하기 위하여 fuzzy-ART네트워크를 학습시켰다. 본 연구의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 PVC가 포함된 MIT/BIH 데이터 베이스가 사용되었으며, fuzzy-ART 네트워크의 분류성능은 96.25%이었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2005

최근 고품위 TV 및 고정세도 디스플레이용으로 화상의 정세도를 향상시키기 위해 수평주파수를 높이려는 경향이 있어, 편향 요크용 페라이트 코아에는 고주파수 영역에 있어서도 코아로스가 낮은 재료가 요구되고 있는 실정이다. Mg-Zn 페라이트에 있어서 화학조성 및 프로세스가 미세구조에 미치는 영향에 착안하여 저온 소결화를 하였다. 저손실인 Mg-Zn계 te에 Cu에 첨가하였다. MgO, ZnO, Fe$_2O_3$, CuO를 선택한 후 조성비의 변화를 두며 CuO를 MgO로 치환하였다. 이 시료를 980$^{\circ}C$~1350$^{\circ}C$까지 3시간 소결하고, 투자율, 전력손실, 수축률, 코아로스를 측정하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG activities and VMO/VL ratio of the vastus medialis oblique, and vastus lateralis during step up exercise according to ankle and knee positions in soccer players with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: Subject(patellofemoral pain syndrome, PFPS: n=8 and without PFPS, non PFPS; NPFPS: n=8) perfomed step up exercise at each knee and ankle position(knee flexion $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$, ankle internal rotation $30^{\circ}$, neutral, and external rotation $30^{\circ}$) while EMG activity was collected. The EMG signals were expressed by the % maximal voluntary isometric Contraction(%MVIC) values. Statistical analysis consisted of two way repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. Results: Main results were as follows: 1) EMG of VMO, and VL was tend to be lower in PFPS compared to NPFPS. 2) EMG of VMO and VL with knee flexrion $60^{\circ}$ was significantly higher the results with knee flexion $30^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. VMO and VL with ankle external rotation $30^{\circ}$ was significantly higher the results with internal rotation $30^{\circ}$ and neutral position. Conclusion: Considering the EMG activity was reduced due to the to the PFPS and that performing step up with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ with ankle external rotation $30^{\circ}$ position may provide the most effective condition for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2008

Gypsum products are used for the preparation of stone casts of oral and maxillofacial structures and as important adjuncts to dental laboratory operations involved in the production of dental prosthesis. Accuracy and dimensional stability over time are properties of concern in fixed prothodontics. Gypsum products used in denstry are a form calcium sulfate hemihydrate and are classified as 1 of 5 types according to International Standard Organization(ISO) 6873. All die materials exhibit some dimensional change during setting, but expansion and contraction during setting and dimensional changes in response to varations in temperature and the water-powder ratio must be minimal. Although numerous investigators have studied the properties of die materials, several products have been introduced recently with manufacturer claims of superior dimensional stalility. The aim of this study was to determine the surface properties using various separating materials of dental gypsum products The results were as follows 1. In the comparison of first and second plaster distances before separation in different separating agent, there was no significant difference except using Trio separating agent. The interface using Trio separating agent forms like to pores. 2. In the comparison of first and second plaster distances after separation in different separating agent, there was significant difference. The interface of plasters using WD-40, Trio and Vaseline was showed some gaps. Each they were measured at average 7.97 $\pm$ 2.07 ${\mu}m$, 63.09 $\pm$ 23.25 ${\mu}m$, 27.59 $\pm$ 4.19 ${\mu}m$. 3. In the comparison of the surface, the surface of control sample(using none seperating agent) showed irregular properties and the surface using Trio and Vaseline become wrinkled. Specially the surface using Vaseline was showed shiny properties. But the surface using MAGIC SEP, Plaster seperating agent, WD-40 showed regular properties.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine changes in the muscle activity of the triceps surae, specifically the gastrocnemius and the soleus, depending on the angle of the knee joint during the manual muscle test (MMT) of the plantar flexion of the ankle. The muscle activity of the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius was statistically significantly reduced when the angle of the knee joint was $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$ compared to when the angle was $0^{\circ}$. However, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle activity at the angles of $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ or $45^{\circ}$. There was no statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the soleus depending on the angle of the knee joint. The ratio of the muscle activity of the soleus to that of the triceps surae showed a statistically significant increase when the angle was $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ compared to when the angle was $0^{\circ}$. However, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle activity at the angles of $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ or $45^{\circ}$. When the angle of the knee joint was $15^{\circ}$ or higher during the test of the isolated soleus, the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius was reduced. These results indicate that the angle is suitable for the test of the isolated soleus, but there was no statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius when the angle was higher than $15^{\circ}$. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most suitable angle of the knee joint for the isolated MMT test of the soleus is $15^{\circ}$.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze and compare e acoustic sound structure of vocal major student's singing voice. Materials and Methods : The nineteen vocal major students were the subject group and healthy nineteen females were the control group for this study. The subject group was taken a strobovideolaryngoscopy by the use of flexible nasopharyngoscopy. And acoustic analysis was taken between two groups. Additionally the inquiry on usual voice problems and management was performed by thirty-six vocal major students. Results : The subject group presents many functional voice disorder findings such as AP contraction(44%), phase difference(36%) tremor(25%), posterior gap(17%), hyperadduction of vestibular fold(6%), and anterior gap(3%) on strobovideolaryngoscopy. And the vocal major students did reveal an enhanced number of high frequency harmonic partials when singing compared to the control group in the narrow band spectrum study. But there was no significant difference in jitter, shimmer and noise to harmonic ratio in both groups. Almost all vocal major students present a lot of voice problems in singing such as loss of high note(17%), loss of quiet voice(17%), effortful and tired voice(36%) etc on inquiry. And they always effort to prevent vocal dysfunction by the use of various type of method such as voice rest(28%), hydration(28%), gargling with salt(11%) etc. Conclusions : The vocal major students always take care of maintaining a good voice condition, but a lot of vocal major students revealed abnormal strobovideolaryngoscopic findings and they are absent in the conception of systemic and scientific voice management. Therefore, the young singers need a good voice training and voice therapy Program under the good ralationship of laryngologist and voice training teacher.