• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2010

In recent years, study of the static response of pavements to moving vehicle and aircraft loads has received significant attention because of its relevance to the design of pavements and airport runways. The static response of beams resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to moving loads was studied by several researchers in the past. However, most of these studies were limited to steady-state analytical solutions for infinitely long beams resting on Winkler-type elastic foundations. Although the modelling of subgrade as a continuum is more accurate, such an approach can hardly be incorporated in analysis due to its complexity. In contrast, the two-parameter foundation model provides a better way for simulating the underlying soil medium and is conceptually more appealing than the one-parameter (Winkler) foundation model. The finite element method is one of the most suitable mathematical tools for analysing rigid pavements under moving loads. This paper presents an improved solution algorithm based on the finite element method for the static analysis of rigid pavements under moving vehicular or aircraft loads. The concrete pavement is discretized by finite and infinite beam elements, with the latter for modelling the infinity boundary conditions. The underlying soil medium is modelled by the Pasternak model allowing the shear interaction to exist between the spring elements. This can be accomplished by connecting the spring elements to a layer of incompressible vertical elements that can deform in transverse shear only. The deformations and forces maintaining equilibrium in the shear layer are considered by assuming the shear layer to be isotropic. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of the position of moving loads on the response of pavement.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

최근에 비 구조적 피어투피어 시스템을 위해 분산적으로 재결정위상을 구성하는 위상 제어 프로토콜이 제안되었다[1]. 본 논문에서는 재결정위상이라고 불리는 이러한 계층적 위상이 척도 없는 거듭제곱 법칙 망임을 보인다. 우리는 재결정 위상의 분산된 구성을 위한 알고리즘의 프로세스를 모형화 하고, 평균 장 점근법(Mean field Approximation)과 연속체 이론(Continuum theory)에 근거를 두고 분석하여, 구성된 재결정 망이 척도 없는 망임을 보였다. 위상제어 알고리즘을 따르는 각 노드는 더 선호하는 노드에 대한 연결을 추가하고, 가장 비선호하는 노드에 대한 연결을 제거한다. 다시 말해, 알고리즘에 따라, 각 피어는 자신이 알고 있는 피어들 중에서 최고의 적중률(또는 검색 능력 혹은 선호도)을 가지고 있는 노드들과 연결을 추가하고, 최저의 적중률을 가진 노드들과의 연결을 끊는다. 이것은 비구조적 피어투피어 망에서 재결정 위상을 구성하기 위한 지역적인 프로세스를 실제적으로 표현한다. 우리는 차수의 분포를 분석적으로 유도한다. 분석 결과, 만들어지는 재결정 위상은 척도 없는 망이며, 이것의 거듭제곱 법칙의 지수$\gamma$는 3 이다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.263-264
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• 2012

We present the properties of dust and the near-infrared spectral features in nearby early-type galaxies. The properties of dust are obtained from the AKARI far-infrared all-sky survey diffuse map. The AKARI/IRC is used for the near-infrared spectra. We improve spectral data with the new dark subtraction method on the basis of the knowledge acquired in our laboratory experiments of the engineering-model detector for the IRC. We have succeeded in fitting the continuum by a power-law function and detecting CO and SiO absorption features in early-type galaxy spectra. Comparing the properties of dust and near-infrared spectral features, we find that the power-law slope depends on dust temperature, but not on the dust mass, which suggests that low-luminosity AGNs may contribute to the changes in the power-law slope and dust temperature.

• 천문학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

We present measurements of diffuse interstellar $H_2$ absorption lines in the continuum spectra of 10 early-type stars. The data were observed with the Berkeley Extreme and Far-Ultraviolet Spectrometer (BEFS) of the ORFEUS telescope on board the ORFEUS-SPAS I and II space-shuttle missions in 1993 and 1996, respectively. The spectra extend from the interstellar cutoff at 912 $\AA$ to about 1200 $\AA$ with a resolution of ~ 3000 and statistical signal-to-noise ratios between 10 and 65. Adopting Doppler broadening velocities from high-resolution optical observations, we obtain the $H_2$ column densities of rotational levels J" = 0 through 5 for each line of sight. The kinetic temperatures derived from J" = 0 and 1 states show a small variation around the mean value of 80 K, except for the component toward HD 219188, which has a temperature of 211 K. Based on a synthetic interstellar cloud model described in our previous work, we derive the incident UV intensity IUV and the hydrogen density $n_H$ of the observed components to be -0.4 $\leq$ log $I_{UV}\leq2.2$ and $6.3{\leq}n_H2500cm^{-3}$, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.315-334
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• 2015

This study's primary aim is to check the existence of a representative volume element for granular materials and determine the link between the properties (responses) of macro structures and the size of the discrete particle assembly used to represent a constitutive relation in a two-scale model. In our two-scale method the boundary value problem on the macro level was solved using finite element method, based on the Cosserat continuum; the macro stresses and modulus were obtained using a solution of discrete particle assemblies at certain element integration points. Meanwhile, discrete particle assemblies were solved using discrete element method under boundary conditions provided by the macro deformation. Our investigations focused largely on the size effects of the discrete particle assembly and the radius of the particle on macro properties, such as deformation stiffness, bearing capacity and the residual strength of the granular structure. According to the numerical results, we suggest fitting formulas linking the values of different macro properties (responses) and size of discrete particle assemblies. In addition, this study also concerns the configuration and displacement fluctuation of discrete particle assemblies on the micro level, accompanied with the evolution of bearing capacity and deformation on the macro level.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.487-492
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• 2007

The enhancement of the service life of damaged or cracked structures is a major issue for researchers and engineers. The hierarchical void element with the integrals of Legend polynomials is used to characterize the fracture behavior of unpatched crack as well as repaired crack with bonded composite patches by computing the stress intensity factors and stress contours at the crack tip. The numerical approach is based on the v-version degenerate shell element including the theory of anisotropic laminated composites. Since the equivalent single layer approach is adopted in this study, the proposed element is necessary to represent a discontinuous crack part as a continuum body with zero stiffness of materials. Thus the aspect ratio of this element to represent the crack should be extremely slender. The sensitivity of numerical solution with respect to energy release rate, displacement and stress has been tested to show the robustness of hierarchical void element as the aspect ratio is increased up to 2000. The stiffness derivative method and displacement extrapolation method have been applied to calculate the stress intensity factors of Mode I problem.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2011

나노 크기의 허니콤 구조물은 거시적 크기의 허니콤 구조물에 비해 보다 높은 부피 대비 표면적 비율을 구현하여 전기적, 화학적인 촉매로써 기능성을 극대화할 수 있다. 나노 크기의 구조물은 거시적 크기의 구조물과 다른 기계적 거동양상을 보이며 이는 표면효과에 기인한다. 이러한 표면효과는 원자 수준 전산모사(atomistic simulation)를 통해 규명할 수 있으나 나노 허니콤 구조물의 거동을 예측하는 것은 현실적으로 과도한 전산자원 및 계산시간으로 인해 불가능한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 표면응력 탄성모델을 적용한 브리징방법을 균질화기법과 연계하여 나노 크기의 허니콤 구조물의 기계적 거동을 효율적으로 예측하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.88.1-88.1
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• 2011

We present the FIMS/SPEAR FUV continuum map of The Taurus - Auriga - Perseus (TPA) complex, which is one of the largest local association of dark clouds located in (l,b)~([152,180],[-28,0]). We also present the result of FUV dust scattering simulation, which is based on Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer(MCRT) technique. Before the simulation we generate the model cloud using Hipparcos 77834 stars and the calculation of their E(B-V). From the density-integrated image and the cross section image of the modeled cloud we confirmed that the Taurus cloud is located in ~130pc. The cloud north of the California nebula is known for its two layered structure and we confirm that using the cross section image of the modeled cloud. In our modeled cloud, that two clouds are located at ~130pc and at ~300pc, respectively. Over the whole region the result image of simulation is well correlated with the diffuse FUV observed with FIMS/SPEAR. The dense core of the Taurus cloud, however, is not revealed completely in the map.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2009

In this article, we reviewed the literature on risk assessment (RA) models with and without molecular genomic markers and the current utility of the markers in the pharmacogenetic field. Epidemiological risk assessment is applied using statistical models and equations established from current scientific knowledge of risk and disease. Several papers have reported that traditional RA tools have significant limitations in decision-making in management strategies for individuals as predictions of diseases and disease progression are inaccurate. Recently, the model added information on the genetic susceptibility factors that are expected to be most responsible for differences in individual risk. On the continuum of health care, from diagnosis to treatment, pharmacogenetics has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge of human genomic variation involving drug distribution and metabolism and the target of action, which has the potential to facilitate personalized medicine that can avoid therapeutic failure and serious side effects. There are many challenges for the applicability of genomic information in a clinical setting. Current uses of genetic markers for managing drug therapy and issues in the development of a valid biomarker in pharmacogenetics are discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.290-302
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the attributes of social adjustment among adolescent cancer survivors using concept analysis and to propose a definition of the concept. Methods: In accordance with the hybrid model of concept analysis, this study employed a three-phase circular process comprising theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis phases. A thorough literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Korean databases, followed by qualitative fieldwork with seven participants. The results derived from the theoretical and fieldwork phases were integrated into the final analysis phase. Results: Four attributes of social adjustment were found in adolescent cancer survivors: having harmonious relationships with friends, having harmonious relationships with boy/girlfriends, fulfilling their present roles, and planning for and expecting future roles. The following definition of social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors is proposed: "the conquering of difficulties arising from the continuum of childhood cancer and the achievement of the developmental tasks of typical adolescents." Conclusion: Social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors is crucial for integrating them into society. The findings of this study provide a basis for developing an instrument to measure the social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors and for developing of interventions that target this group.