• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2004

In adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder of no response to nonoperative treatment, an arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation improves range of motion and pain relief. We performed an arthroscopic examination in the stiff shoulder, of which she had no response to nonoperative treatment, after the conservative treatment of a clavicular shaft fracture by motorcycle-driver traffic accident. We found the intra-articular 'rotator interval bridging scar adhesion' between subscapularis tendon and antero-superior glenoid fossa under the rotator interval which was no adhesion and contracture itself. We performed the scar adhesion removal and synovectomy, maintaining the rotator interval. We recommended nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for postoperative pain relief and continuous active and passive range of motion (ROM) exercise to gain motions. Preoperatively, active and passive range of motion were 70° for forward elevation, 60° for abduction and especially 0° for external rotation. After postoperative 2 months, active ROM were 150° for forward elevation, 130° for abduction and 80° for external rotation. After postoperative 6 months, passive and active ROM were full. UCLA score improved from preoperative 9 points to postoperative 29 points.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2008

In the present study, we investigated the glutathione S-transferase (GST) induction of medicinal plants using a cultured PC12 cells. The methanol extracts of Dendrobium nobile Lindley, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Paenoia lactiflora Pall were tested. As the result, exposure of PC12 cells to G. uralensis resulted in the significant induction of GST. On the continuous experiment, G. uralensis was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Among these extracts, methanol extracts showed the highest GST induction. The methanol extracts were further fractionated with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The diethyl ether layer showed the highest exhibited GST induction on PC12 cells. Based on these results suggest that the extracts of G. uralensis can be applicable for the development of a new antioxidant agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2001

Staphylococal infection still remains to be one of the most serious infections, having various complications in the clinical use of indwelling polymeric medical devices. However, there are a few promising systems showing a high antibacterial effect without causing any demage of polymer backbone under biological environments such as blood or body fluid. In order to resolve this problem, we have designed a new antibiotic releasing system via a hydrolysis mechanism. The surface of biomedical polyurethane (PU) was modified by using 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HMDI) to immobilize the rifampicon. Also, the immobilized rifampicin was designed to be released by a selective cleavage of the unstable carbamate linkage that exists on the rifampicin-immobilized polyurethane (PHR). The immobilization of rifampicin on the surface of polyurethane was confirmed by the disappearance of the characteristics IR absorbance peak of the isocyanate (-NCO) group at $2,267\;cm^{-1}$. The PHR showed a continuous rifampicin release profile under an aqueous environment of 10 mM of PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) for ove 6 days. The rifampicin molecules, which are released from PHR under an optimal bacterial infection environment, had a higher antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis than rifampicin-incorporated polyurethane (RIP). In addition, the PHR maintained a stable antibacterial effect under a blood-mimic aqueous environment such as bovine calf serum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1092-1100
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• 2010

Bacteria, fungi, and protozoa inhabiting the rumen, the largest chamber of the ruminants' stomach, release large quantities of hydrogen during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The hydrogen is used by coexisting methanogens to produce methane in energy-yielding processes. This work shows, for the first time, a fundamental possibility of using a hydrogen-rich fermentation gas produced by selected rumen ciliates to feed a low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell. A biohydrogen fuel cell (BHFC) was constructed consisting of (i) a bioreactor, in which a hydrogen-rich gas was produced from glucose by rumen ciliates, mainly of the Isotrichidae family, deprived of intra- and extracellular bacteria, methanogens, and fungi; and (ii) a chemical fuel cell of the polymer-electrolyte type (PEFC). The fuel cell was used as a tester of the technical applicability of the fermentation gas produced by the rumen ciliates for power generation. The average estimated hydrogen yield was ca. 1.15 mol $H_2$ per mole of fermented glucose. The BHFC performance was equal to the performance of the PEFC running on pure hydrogen. No fuel cell poisoning effects were detected. A maximum power density of $1.66\;kW/m^2$ (PEFC geometric area) was obtained at room temperature. The maximum volumetric power density was $128\;W/m^3$ but the coulombic efficiency was only ca. 3.8%. The configuration of the bioreactor limited the continuous operation time of this BHFC to ca. 14 h.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2020

Nitrogen flux release from organically enriched sediments into overlying water, which may have significantly influence on water quality and increasing continuous eutrophication. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the remediation efficiency of oyster shell powder and its treated product into organically enriched sediment in terms of nitrogen flux, organic matter, chlorophyll-a, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). The TOSP was mainly composed of CaO2. The application of TOSP into the sediment has increased the pH, DO and significantly decreased the concentrations of NH₄⁺-N and T-N compared to other basins. On the other hand, nitrate was enriched with the addition of treated oyster powder, an oxygen releasing compound on both phases. Furthermore, chlorophyll-a was found to be increasing with time in the control basin meanwhile it dropped drastically with the addition of TOSP, which implied on the repression of algal growth owing to blockage of nitrogen source migrating from the sediment. This study has shown that the TOSP was effective to improve sediment-water quality, diminish eutrophication and control harmful algae blooms in a marine environment. Therefore, it is a good reference as an effective environmental remediation agent.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

North Han River is a very unique type of water system, where Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Soyanggang, Euiam and Cheongpyeong Dams are located consecutively. These dams are operated differently in the amount of discharge and release schedule according to their structure and purpose of use. They have different water quality characteristics depending on external pollutant inflow and internal mixing condition. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the upper dam and down stream river with respect to water quality indicators, such as water temperature, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, TN and TP of the North Han River. The similarities and correlations representing the relationship were analyzed by Pearson's correlation r and t-test. The data was taken from the Ministry of Environment's water quality monitoring from 1999 to 2018. The results show that water temperature and electrical conductivity of the dam and river are similar and correlated. However, it turned out that there was no similarities and correlations in BOD, COD, TN and TP that are significantly affected by subaqueous reaction mechanism. The results of this study present the impact of the dam on the water quality of North Han River, which can be used as useful data for management of water quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.146-159
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• 2011

The continuous increase in the production of metals and their subsequent release into the environment has lead to increased concentration of these elements in agricultural soils. Because microbes are involved in almost every chemical transformations taking place in the soil, considerable attention has been given to assessing their responses to metal contaminants. Short-term and long-term exposures to toxic metals have been shown to reduce microbial diversity, biomass and activities in the soil. Several studies show that microbial parameters like basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and enzymatic activities, including those of oxidoreductases and those involved in the cycle of C, N, P and other elements, exhibit sensitivity to soil metal concentrations. These have been therefore, regarded as good indices for assessing the impact of metal contaminants to the soil. Metal contamination has also been extensively shown to decrease species diversity and cause shifts in microbial community structure. Biochemical and molecular techniques that are currently being employed to detect these changes are continuously challenged by several limiting factors, although showing some degree of sensitivity and efficiency. Variations and inconsistencies in the responses of bioindicators to metal stress in the soil can also be explained by differences in bioavailability of the metal to the microorganisms. This, in turn, is influenced by soil characteristics such as CEC, pH, soil particles and other factors. Therefore, aside from selecting the appropriate techniques to better understand microbial responses to metals, it is also important to understand the prevalent environmental conditions that interplay to bring about observed changes in any given soil parameter.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes among the nine kinds of reduction chemical substances in Korea over the period of 2008-2017. We will define basic data for improving the management methods for reducing chemical substances. Methods: A survey of hazardous pollutant emissions for 2008-2017 was conducted through the pollutant Release and Transfer Register homepage. Nine kinds of designated reduction chemical substances (Benzene, Vinyl chloride, Trichloro ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, Dichloro methane, Tetrachloro ethylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, Acrylo nitrile, and Chloroform) provided the study subjects. The emission of hazardous chemicals and health effects used the National Health Statistics and Integrated Chemicals Information System (ICIS) as a reference. Results: Hazardous pollutant emissions increased by 1.2 times over the past decade, and nine types of reduction chemical substances increased by 1.6 times. By region, the emissions of reduction chemical substances over the last 10 years were in the order of Chungbuk, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongbuk. Emissions of Dichloro methane was the highest in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk. N,N-dimethylformamide was the highest in Gyeonggi. Carcinogen pollutant emissions showed a tendency to increase continuously. In addition, group 1 carcinogen emissions showed a tendency to decrease. Conclusion: In the last decade, the amount of hazardous chemical emissions has been continuously increasing. Hazardous chemical emissions require facility improvement for continuous emissions reduction. More research on reduction of emissions is needed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

The present study has been performed to examine the feasibility of a flame spread model on the design fire scenario for fire risk analysis. Thermo-Gravimetric analysis and sample burning test were conducted to obtain the material properties of a single couch covered with synthetic leather material and a series of FDS calculations applying with the measured material properties were performed for different grid sizes. The overall fire growth characteristics predicted by the fire model were quite different from the results of a real scale fire test and the initial peak value of the HRR and total released energy showed the results within a 30% discrepancy for the computational grids used in the present study. The current model has some limitations in predicting the fire growth characteristics, such as fire growth rate and the time to the maximum HRR. This study shows that the fire model may be applicable to creating the design fire scenario through continuous model improvement and detailed material properties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2007

Metformin is antihyperglycemic, not hypoglycemic. It causes neither insulin release from the pancreas nor hypo glycemia, even when taken in large doses. But, there are several reports of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALT). We present a case report of severe lactic acidosis most probably resulting from high doses of metformin in a patient with no known contraindications for metformin. A 43-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department due to a metformin overdose. She had diabetes for 6 years, well-controlled with metformin and novolet. One hour before admission, she impulsively took 50g metformin (100 mg or 100 tablets). Physical examination for symptoms revealed only irritability, and laboratory evaluation revealed only mild leukocytosis. After one hour the patient was drowsy, and arterial blood gas analysis showed severe lactic acidemia Seven hours after ED arrival, she commenced hemofiltration treatment and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was initiated. Forty-eight hours later, full clinical recovery was observed, with return to a normal serum lactate level. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit on the third day. A progressive recovery was observed and she was discharged from the general word on the thirteenth day.