• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2009

A simple and reliable reversed phase HPLC method was developed to determine pharmacologically active compounds ent-continentalic acid, kaurenoic acid, and continentalic acid from the roots of Aralia cordata. Quantitative analysis of diterpenoids of A. cordata were performed by reverse phase C-18 column using a isocratic of acetonitrile : 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid(70:30) with UV detection at 205 nm. The correlation coefficients of each calibration curve of ent-continentalic acid, kaurenoic acid, and continentalic acid were 0.9987, 0.9983, and 0.9986, respectively. The detection limit of ent-continentalic acid, kaurenoic acid, and continentalic acid were $0.5{\sim}1.0\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The contents of ent-continentalic acid (1), kaurenoic acid (2), and continentalic acid (3) of the roots of A. cordata collected from seventeen district markets in Korea were $0.09{\sim}0.75\;mg/g$, $1.09{\sim}5.43\;mg/g$, and $2.69{\sim}9.08\;mg/g$, respectively.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2010

In our present study, we investigated the effects of continentalic acid on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm. Methanol extract of Aralia continentalis (A. continentalis) was suspended in water and sequentially partitioned with CHCl3, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The CHCl3 fraction showed the highest activity and an antibacterial compound against S. mutans was isolated from this preparation through various chromatography methods by bioassay guided fractionation. MS, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ analysis showed that the active principle was continentalic acid which was confirmed to show significant inhibitory effects against S. mutans biofilm. These results may provide some scientific rationale for the traditional use these extracts for the treatment of dental diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2006

In the present study, we investigated the anticariogenic compounds from Aralia continertalis (A. continnentalis) has been isolated and identified by MS, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$. The MeOH extract was suspended in $H_2O$ and sequentially Partitioned with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. The $CHCl_3$ fraction showed remarkable antibacterial activity against S. mutans. The antibacterial activity compounds against 5. mutans by MIC was isolated successively through the screening system and various chromatography methods. From this active chloroform subfraction, isolation and identification finally gave continentalic acid by spectroscopic methods (MS, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$) as an active principle. The compound, continentalic acid, showed significant growth, acid production, adhesion and water-insoluble glucan synthesis inhibitory effect against 5. mutars. These results suggest that continentalic acid from A. continentalis may inhibit cariogenic properties of S. mutans and these properties may provide some scientific rationales that the local inhabitants used the extracts for treatment of dental diseases.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.213-216
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• 2008

Continentalic acid (CA, (-)-pimara-8(14), 15-diene-19-oic acid) was isolated from the roots of Aralia cordata (Araliaceae) using bioassay-guided fractionation of a crude chloroform extract. The antibacterial activity of CA against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus gallinarium was estimated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). CA exhibited potent activity against standard vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE), with MICs and MBCs values between 4 and $8{\mu}g/mL$ and 4 and $16{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. This compound exhibited potent activity against strains of VRE, which are highly resistant to clinically useful antibiotics. These findings suggest that continentalic acid may be useful in controlling enterococcal infection.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

사람들의 생명연장과 각종 만성질환, 악성종양 등의 증가에 따른 우수한 항생제의 계속적인 개발로 많은 생명을 구할 수 있게 되었지만 반면 항생제를 지나치게 사용하여 이에 많은 부작용이 생기고 내성균도 많아지면서 중증감염이 증가되어 여러 가지의 새로운 문제점에 직면하게 되었다. 안전성이 있는 새로운 항균물질의 개발 목적으로 예비 검색 결과 선택된 독활을 추출하여 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 반복 수행한 결과 2종의 항균 효과를 보여주는 화합물을 분리하였다 이들 화합물은 물리 화학적 성질 및 분광학적 분석을 통하여 화합물 1은 mp가 $166{\sim}167^{\circ}C$인 백색침상, $C_{20}H_{30}O_2$의 분자식을 갖는 (-)-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid 즉, continentalic acld으로 동정하였으며, 화합물 2는 mp가 $164{\sim}165^{\circ}C$인 백색침상, $C_{29}H_{48}O$의 분자식을 갖는 $(24E)-stigmasta-5,\;22-dien-3{\beta}-ol$, 즉 stigmasterol으로 동정하였으며 항균효과를 측정한 결과 두 화합물 모두 유의성 있는 결과를 나타내었으며, 이 중 화합물 1인 continentalic acid이 더욱 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 그람 양성균인 S. aureus에서 MIC가 $7.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, E. faecalis에서는 MIC가 $12.5\;{\mu}g/ml$에서 비교적 강한 억제 효과를 보였으며, 화합물 2에서는 S. aureus에서 MIC가 $7.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, S. epidemidis에서는 MIC가 $12.5\;{\mu}g/ml$에서 억제 효과를 보여 주었으나 그람 음성균에서 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ 이상으로 항균활성이 측정되지 않았다. 따라서 화합물 1과 화합물 2는 그람 양성균에 대한 새로운 항균제로 개발에 유용한 화합물이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2006

독활(Aralia continentalis)로부터 항균활성 물질을 찾아내기 위한 일환으로 항균실험과 분리실험을 병행하여 실시하였다. 항균활성물질 분리는 독활을 클로로포롬으로 추출하여 실리카겔($SiO_2$)과 분취용액체크로마토그래피(prep-HPLC)법으로 2종의 화합물을 분리하여 핵자기공명(NMR) 등 분광학적인 기법으로 이용하여 구조동정을 하였다. 이때 2종의 화합물은 (-)-pimara-8(1),15-diene-19-oic acid와 (24E)-stagmasta-5,22-dien-$3{\beta}-ol$임이 확인되었다. 2종의 화합물에 대한 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균(MRSA) 및 메터실린 감응 황색포도상구균(MSSA)의 표준균주와 임상분리균주(MRSA)에서의 최소억제농도(MIC)가 $8-16{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과로부터 화합물(-)pimara-8(1),15-diene-19-oic acid은 항생제 내성균에 대한 치료제로서 개발 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2009

In previous study, we have shown that continentalic acid (CA) isolated from Aralia continentalis induced the growth inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In this study, we examine the effects of CA from A. continentalis on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in human leukemia HL-60 and mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 cell lines. The results demonstrated that CA decreased cell growth of leukemia HL-60 cells but not human HaCaT keratinocytes, assessed with the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Flow cytometric analysis of mouse fibroblast cell lines exposed to CA showed that apoptotic cells increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with CA decreased the number of normal cells and increased the number of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis in mouse cell lines by CA was mediated through the activation of caspase-3, Bak, and Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Our results suggest that CA efficiently induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1983

By tracing albumin stabilizing activity an anti-inflammatory component, continentalic acid was isolated from ether-soluble acidic fraction of Aralia continentalis. Continenetalic acid in a concentration of 0.115mg/3ml gave 50% inhibition for heat denaturation of albumin. The protein stabilizing potency of it was approximately three and eleven times that of phenylbutazone and that of salicylic acid, respectively. The anti-inflammatory actions of it and its methylester were investigated employing carrageenin-induced edema in rat paw. Continentalic acid administered s. c. showed an activity of about three times of hydrocortisone. When administered p. o., it was still active, but its methylester was more active than phenylbutazone, suggesting the poor absorption of it in gastorointestinal tract. Its chemical structure was identified by chemical and spectral studies as (-) pimara 8(14), 15-diene-19-oic acid, which was already isolated from A. dordata, but not reported for its biological activity.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권3호통권18호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of the types of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the physicochemistrical pattern for the four types of Aucklandiae Radix. The results follow: 1. At the external shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has rising lenticel and dark brown surface, Its section is light gray and its xylem is yellow gray. Aralia continentalis has big stem mark in upper portion, its section has no dense tissue with yellow gray. Heracleum hemsleyanum has dark brown surface and little lenticel, its cortical layer is white yellow and xylem is isabella and powdered. 2. At the internal shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has phloem with half of the root and rare vessel. Aralia continentalis has phloem with two-thirds of the root and it has broad cutting and putting vessel that formed 1-2 row. Heracleum hemsleyanum also has phloem with half of the root and wide scattered latex tube and many large vessel. 3. At the TLC pattern, Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable dark spot at $R_{f}$ 0.23 on the sulphuric acid color pattern test, but others have faint. 4. At the HPLC pattern, all samples have generally patterns. But Angelica pubescens f. biserrata shows diminutive continentalic acid content and the peak at Rt 20.278min comes out on Heracleum hemsleyanum, but do not come out on Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable peak at Rt 20.278min, but shows no peak at Rt 29.023min unlike Aralia continentalis or Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Also Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata show one remarkable peak at Rt 29.023, but Heracleum hemsleyanum do not show. Consequently, Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata are comparable whit continentalic acid content and Heracleum hemsleyanum is comparable with the peak at Rt 20.273 and Rt 29.023. So it is thought that content of continentalic acid and the peaks at Rt 20.278 and Rt 29.023 can apply to differentiate a species from other. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2024

독활 뿌리 추출물은 한국을 포함한 극동아시아 국가에 널리 분포하고 있다. 이 추출물은 한국에서 두통, 염증, 허리통증 및 치과질환 등 다양한 질환에 오랫동안 사용되어져 왔다. 활성물질은 에피-콘티넨탈산, 콘티넨탈산 그리고 카우레노산으로 동정되었다. 생체이용능을 향상시킨 디테르페노이드 유도체의 합성을 위해, Fusarium fujikuroi가 생물전환용 균주로 선발되었다. 생물전환을 통하여 16α-hydroxy-ent-kauran-2-on-19-oic acid 와 2β, 16α-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid의 두 가지 유도체가 얻어졌으며, 이들의 화학구조는 HPLC, MS 및 NMR 분석을 통해 확인되었다. 이러한 유도체들은 HPLC에서의 산물 유출시간과 구조적 특성을 통해 카우레노산에 비해 증가된 극성을 나타내었다. 인슐린 신호전달경로의 음성조절자인 PTP1B를 대상으로 한 항당뇨 활성을 평가한 결과, 4 ㎍/ml 농도에서 각각 30.8% 및 27.6%의 억제율을 나타냈으며, 두 유도체는 기존의 카우레노산 보다 18배 높은 IC₅₀ 값을 갖는 낮은 세포독성을 보여주었다. 따라서, F. fujikuroi에 의한 생물전환으로 인해 증가된 수용성과 감소된 독성을 갖는 두 카우레노산 유도체는 산업적 응용을 위한 유망한 후보물질로 평가된다.