• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.115-147
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• 2023

Purpose - This study examines previous research on organizational silence for several decades since the concept of organizational silence was firstly suggested in 2000. In this study, based on previous studies on organizational silence published in domestic and international journals from 2010 to 2022, research trends were analyzed, issues were derived, and future research was suggested. Design/methodolgy/approach - The authors searched relevant keywords such as organizational silence, employee silence, employee voice and so on in the domestic as well as international academic database. 63 domestic papers were found, and based on these articles, we analyzed the research trends. Findings - Similar variables were proven with only different contextual samples without any originality in the theoretical perspective. Moreover, studies on the causal relationship between each type of organizational silence and the occurrence of organizational silence over time were also insufficient. In addition, because research on public organizations was limited to police officers and public officials, future research is needed to investigate more different organizational situations. Furthermore, other variables such as personal characteristics and leadership factors were also relatively unexplored. Based on these limitations, future research is needed to consider more diverse demographics, Korean cultural factors, organizational characteristics, and the patterns changes in time. Research implications or Originality - This study suggests limitations as well as future directions by summarizing the previous research on organizational silence which is an emerging issue in global societies and the organizational management filed.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2024

This comprehensive study delves into the analysis of user review data across various metaverse platforms, employing advanced text mining techniques such as TF-IDF and Word2Vec to gain insights into user perceptions. The primary objective is to uncover the factors that contribute to user satisfaction and dissatisfaction, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of user experiences in the metaverse. Through TF-IDF analysis, the research identifies key words and phrases frequently mentioned in user reviews, highlighting aspects that resonate positively with users, such as the ability to engage in creative activities and social interactions within these virtual environments. Word2Vec analysis further enriches this understanding by revealing the contextual relationships between words, offering a deeper insight into user sentiments and the specific features that enhance their engagement with the platforms. A significant finding of this study is the identification of common grievances among users, particularly related to the processes of refunds and login, which point to broader issues within payment systems and user interface designs across platforms. These insights are critical for developers and operators of metaverse platforms, suggesting a focused approach towards enhancing user experiences by amplifying positive aspects. The research underscores the importance of continuous improvement in user interface design and the transparency of payment systems to foster a loyal user base. By providing a comprehensive analysis of user reviews, this study offers valuable guidance for the strategic development and optimization of metaverse platforms, ensuring they remain responsive to user needs and continue to evolve as vibrant, engaging virtual environments.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-52
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• 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality agents as foreign language instructors with focus on the impact of different native language backgrounds and instructional roles. The agents were first distinguished as native or non-native speakers treated as a between-subject factor, and then assigned roles as either teachers or salespersons considered within-subject factors. An immersive virtual environment was developed for this experiment, and a 2×2 mixed factorial design was carried out. In an experimental group of 72 university students, statistically significant interactions were found in learning satisfaction, memory, and recall between the native/non-native status of the agents and their roles. With regard to learning confidence and presence, however, no statistically significant differences were observed in both interaction effects and main effects. Contextual learning in a virtual environment was found to enhance learning effectiveness and satisfaction, with the nativeness and the role of agents influencing learners' memory; thus highlighting the effectiveness of using virtual reality agents in foreign language learning. This suggests that varied approaches can have positive cognitive and emotional impacts on learners, thereby providing valuable theoretical and empirical implications.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

In this study, we analyzed the process of pre-service science teachers' designing and implementation of lessons in teaching practice from the perspective of CHAT. Five pre-service teachers attending the Department of Chemistry Education at the College of Education in Seoul participated in this study. We observed their teaching practice, collected documentary data, and conducted in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method based on grounded theory. The analyses of the results reveal that, due to the lack of authority to make decisions for lesson design, pre-service teachers faced difficulties and had direct conflict with teachers. In addition, it was difficult for them to obtain sufficient contextual information for lesson design even through subject orientation and classroom observation, which made it difficult for them to design lessons. When consecutive lessons were taken by several pre-service teachers, there were many problems such as poor continuity of lessons. Given limited authority to assess students, they conducted additional assessments. They showed a lack of professionalism when conducting assessments. The cause of this could be found in the curriculum of the College of Education. Some ways to provide better teaching practice based on the results are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2022

Objectives: Recent epidemiological data reported that young adults in their 20 ~ 30s are a vulnerable population with unhealthy dietary practices and a few signs of deteriorated health indicators. However, there are no dietary guidelines that are specifically developed for the young adult population. This study introduces some data collection tools that are mostly used in the service design field, and demonstrates how these tools can be used in nutrition research for developing dietary guidelines for specific target groups. Methods: To understand the context of food choices among young people, 39 people were enrolled to complete a probes booklet. Thematic analysis and word cloud were performed to capture the main themes from the probes and a persona was developed based on the findings. Results: Data from the probes enabled us to grasp the various contextual meanings of eating practices among young people. Most participants understand what a healthy diet is and often have a willingness to practice it. However, there were very few participants who were following the practices. We created four types of persona for developing dietary guidelines: healthy eating, emotional eating, convenient eating, and trendy eating. Conclusions: Probes and persona were used in order to understand the lives of young adults and develop targeted messages. We hope that this introduction will be helpful to researchers who are looking for new ways of understanding their target population in the field of community nutrition.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

Visual communication based on socio-cultural context, such as emoticons on social media, is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to study the visual expression of metonymy as a means to correctly understand the communication method in the age of visual culture. The purpose of this study is to explore how metonymy is visualized within a cultural context. Specifically, , a typical underlying phenomenon of metonymy expression, and the expression principles of various reproduced through it are identified by pairing them with the cultural context. Based on context theory, which is a representative discourse in the social science field, emoticons from in high context and emoticons in in low context were selected and compared as case study subjects. The major findings are: First, a visual application model of metonymy was proposed regarding the process through which metonymy is reproduced as a visual result. Second, the types of metonymy and their salience attribute applied to the emoticon expression method was identified in detail. Third, based on the contextual theory, how the characteristics of high-context visual metonymy differ from that of low-context visual metonymy were presented. In the future, the results of this study can be used as a criterion for judging the local acceptability and local suitability of design results in the design development process that requires the use of localization strategies.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Most of product designers use 3D CAD system as a inevitable design tool nowadays and many new products are developed through a concurrent engineering process. However, it is very difficult for novice designers to get the sense of reality from modeling objects shown in the computer screens. Such a intangibility problem comes from the lack of haptic interactions and contextual information about the real space because designers tend to do 3D modeling works only in a virtual space of 3D CAD system. To address this problem, this research investigate the possibility of a interactive quantified structure simulation for product design using AR(augmented reality) which can register a 3D CAD modeling object on the real space. We built a quantified structure simulation system based on AR and conducted a series of experiments to measure how accurately human perceive and adjust the size of virtual objects under varied experimental conditions in the AR environment. The experiment participants adjusted a virtual cube to a reference real cube within 1.3% relative error(5.3% relative StDev). The results gave the strong evidence that the participants can perceive the size of a virtual object very accurately. Furthermore, we found that it is easier to perceive the size of a virtual object in the condition of presenting plenty of real reference objects than few reference objects, and using LCD panel than HMD. We tried to apply the simulation system to identify preference characteristics for the appearance design of a home-service robot as a case study which explores the potential application of the system. There were significant variances in participants' preferred characteristics about robot appearance and that was supposed to come from the lack of typicality of robot image. Then, several characteristic groups were segmented by duster analysis. On the other hand, it was interesting finding that participants have significantly different preference characteristics between robot with arm and armless robot and there was a very strong correlation between the height of robot and arm length as a human body.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-431
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to summarize the empirical literature on implementation of positive behavior support (PBS) within a multi-tiered system of supports in American and Korean schools and to compare its key features and outcomes in an attempt to suggest future directions for development of a Korean school-wide PBS model and implementation manuals as well as directions for future research. Twenty-four American articles and 11 Korean articles (total 35 articles) that reported the outcomes of implementation of PBS at a tier 1 and/or tier 2, or tier 3 level and that met established inclusion criteria were analyzed using systematic procedures. Comparisons were made in the areas of key features and outcomes of PBS in addition to general methodology (e.g., participants, design, implementation duration, dependent measures) at each tier of PBS. The results indicated that positive outcomes for student behavior and other areas were reported across tiers in all American and Korean studies. At the tier 1 level, teaching expectations and rules were the primary focus of PBS in American and Korean schools. However, Korean schools focused on modifying the school and classroom environments and teaching social skills whereas American schools focused on teacher training on standardized interventions or curricular by experts and teacher support during implementation of PBS. At the tier 2 level, more American studies reported implementation of tier 2 interventions within school-wide PBS, and Check/In Check/Out (CICO) was found to be the most commonly used tier 2 intervention. The results also indicated that in comparison to Korean schools, American schools were more likely to use systematic screening tools or procedures to identify students who need tier 2 interventions and more likely to promote parental involvement with implementing interventions. At the tier 3 level, more Korean studies reported the outcomes of individualized interventions, but more American studies reported that designing individualized intervention plans based on comprehensive functional behavior assessment results and establishment of systematic screening systems were focused when implementing individualized interventions. Furthermore, few Korean studies reported the assessment of procedural integrity, social validity, and contextual fit in implementing PBS across tiers, indicating the need for development of valid instruments that could be used in assessing these areas. Based on these results, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1413-1425
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• 2023

The increasing frequency of wildfires due to climate change is causing extreme loss of life and property. They cause loss of vegetation and affect ecosystem changes depending on their intensity and occurrence. Ecosystem changes, in turn, affect wildfire occurrence, causing secondary damage. Thus, accurate estimation of the areas affected by wildfires is fundamental. Satellite remote sensing is used for forest fire detection because it can rapidly acquire topographic and meteorological information about the affected area after forest fires. In addition, deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transformer models show high performance for more accurate monitoring of fire-burnt regions. To date, the application of deep learning models has been limited, and there is a scarcity of reports providing quantitative performance evaluations for practical field utilization. Hence, this study emphasizes a comparative analysis, exploring performance enhancements achieved through both model selection and data design. This study examined deep learning models for detecting wildfire-damaged areas using Landsat 8 satellite images in California. Also, we conducted a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the detection performance of multiple models, such as U-Net and High-Resolution Network-Object Contextual Representation (HRNet-OCR). Wildfire-related spectral indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized burn ratio (NBR) were used as input channels for the deep learning models to reflect the degree of vegetation cover and surface moisture content. As a result, the mean intersection over union (mIoU) was 0.831 for U-Net and 0.848 for HRNet-OCR, showing high segmentation performance. The inclusion of spectral indices alongside the base wavelength bands resulted in increased metric values for all combinations, affirming that the augmentation of input data with spectral indices contributes to the refinement of pixels. This study can be applied to other satellite images to build a recovery strategy for fire-burnt areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2018

Cemeteries in the United States are frequently observed near residential areas in cities even though they are spaces for the dead. However, it has not been fully studied when and how cemeteries were formed in the process of urbanization. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the spatial structure and historical change of cemeteries in Seattle due to urbanization, focusing on the contextual relationship between cemeteries and the surroundings according to two time periods: the early formation period of cemeteries in Seattle and the current period. For this, a mixed method was taken in this paper that combined historical analysis based on old references and historic maps with cluster analysis using GIS. In conclusion, the research found that early cemeteries of Seattle in downtown areas were introduced as by-products of urban formation, but the cemeteries in the suburbs were established ahead of urban growth and neighborhood development. In addition, Seattle's cemeteries not only showed a similar locational pattern to Seattle's shopping centers, but also were positively associated with population distribution given the Hot Spot Analysis. In other words, Seattle's cemeteries were originally located in rural areas, but later came to be located in urban areas, sustaining the landscape of American rural cemeteries.