• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2018

Oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) protein family is the major interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes responsible for the activation of RNase L pathway upon viral infection. OAS-like (OASL) is also required for inhibition of viral growth in human cells, but the loss of one of its mouse homolog, OASL1, causes a severe defect in termination of type I interferon production. To further investigate the antiviral activity of OASL1, we examined its subcellular localization and regulatory roles in IFN production in the early and late stages of viral infection. We found OASL1, but not OASL2, formed stress granules trapping viral RNAs and promoted efficient RLR signaling in early stages of infection. Stress granule formation was dependent on RNA binding activity of OASL1. But in the late stages of infection, OASL1 interacted with IRF7 transcripts to inhibit translation resulting in down regulation of IFN production. These results implicate that OASL1 plays context dependent functions in the antiviral response for the clearance and resolution of viral infections.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.221-248
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• 2013

Among five types of the model textbook based on storytelling, the type of 'Inquiry into history of Mathematics' focuses on adapting the logic of mathematical discovery to the organization of mathematical contents. It enables students to recognize that mathematics has been developed by human needs and creativity while they are engaged in the story about knowledge formation. Moreover the textbook offers the context in which students are able to understand mathematical insights and logics hidden in the subject matter, so that they can reinvent and develop mathematical knowledge. In this study, we found the principles for development of the textbook based on storytelling for 'Inquiry into History of Mathematics' by analyzing the chapter about 'Complex number and Quadratic Equations' of the model textbook. The chapter was implemented in classroom environment and students' understanding of the subject matter and their perception on the textbook based on storytelling were surveyed before and after the implementation. The results showed the possibilities of adapting the textbook based on storytelling and we suggested some implications for further development.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

The results of analyzing "Shanghanlun-Shanghan examples" of Song Dynasty Text and Liuwansu's writings in the pursuit of comprehending his views written in "Fire-Heat" & "Warm disease" -are as follow. 1.He introduced Exterior-Interior Shanghan and Latent in the Winter & recurrent in the Spring Shanghan concept in the Febrile disease pathology as the link and the bifurcation point. His perception on Febrile disease encompassed Shanghan and Febrile disease on the same plane but actually discriminated in the treatment and medication between the two actually. 2.He suggested Febrile disease pathology in the concept of Shanghan and Febrile disease, which is coherent in the formation of interior heat as the result of the invasion of the lung by warm pathogen described in Warm disease Wei, Qi, Ying and Xue Fen Syndrome differentiation. He expanded the concept of esoteric portal 玄府 of "Suwon Tiaojinglun", to that of the omni-present portal & way of Qi's all directions movement, which is in accordance of invasion of upper energizer 上焦 by warm or hot pathogen via mouth and nose as used in Warm disease three-energizer differentiation. 3.He recognized both exterior-interior febrile disease in the context of both exterior-interior contact cause disease. He prescribed pungent-cool exterior releasing medicinal similar to that of exterior-releasing treatment adopted in warm disease. As lily-talc powder百合散 introduced in "Golden chamber synopsis" dispells heat by promoting excretion of urine and defecation, it is regarded as the original formula of later ikwonsan yiyuansan 益元散.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2010

The implementation of Knowledge Management Systems does not guarantee knowledge sharing within organizations because knowledge sharing cannot be mandated. Although previous investigations have attempted to identify the motivational factors that facilitate knowledge sharing, the results of these studies cannot be easily applied across organizations due to the highly context specific nature of knowledge sharing. Societal culture, as well as organizational culture, affects knowledge sharing behavior. This is why successful knowledge sharing initiatives in the United States, for example, may prove ineffective in another country with a very different culture like China. Therefore, it is clearly important to understand the effects of different societal cultures on individuals' knowledge sharing behaviors. The principal objective of this study is to deepen our understanding about the impact of national culture on an individual's knowledge sharing intention. In order to achieve this goal, field data was collected from 197 employees from a variety of companies and organizations in two countries-Sweden and China. In a collectivistic culture such as China, anticipated reciprocal relationships have been shown to directly affect individuals' attitudes toward knowledge sharing, and the organizational climate has also been shown to affect subjective norms to a significant degree. Subjective norms can influence intentions to share knowledge indirectly through attitudes. In the highly individualistic culture of Sweden, one's sense of self worth and anticipated reciprocal relationships have been shown to profoundly affect individuals' attitudes towards knowledge sharing. In both countries, anticipated extrinsic rewards have been shown to exert no detectable effects on respondents' knowledge sharing attitudes, and subjective norms and organizational climate have been determined not to affect knowledge sharing intentions directly. Rather, in both cases, knowledge sharing intentions have been shown to be directly affected by attitude.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6349-6355
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• 2012

Previous studies showed that Math1 homologous to human Hath1 can cause mouse goblet cells to differentiate. In this context it is important that the majority of colon cancers have few goblet cells. In the present study, the potential role of Hath1 in colon carcinogenesis was investigated. Sections of paraffin-embedded tissues were used to investigate the goblet cell population of normal colon mucosa, mucosa adjacent colon cancer and colon cancer samples from 48 patients. Hath1 and Muc2 expression in these samples were tested by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time reverse transcription -PCR and Western blotting. After the recombinant plasmid, pcDNA3.1(+)-Hath1 had been transfected into HT29 colon cancer cells, three clones were selected randomly to test the levels of Hath1 mRNA, Muc2 mRNA, Hath1, Muc2, cyclin D1 and p27 by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Moreover, the proliferative ability of HT29 cells introduced with Hath1 was assessed by means of colony formation assay and xenografting. Expression of Hath1, Muc2, cyclin D1 and p27 in the xenograft tumors was also detected by Western blotting. No goblet cells were to be found in colon cancer and levels of Hath1 mRNA and Hath1, Muc2 mRNA and Muc2 were significantly down-regulated. Hath1 could decrease cyclin D1, increase p27 and Muc2 in HT29 cells and inhibit their proliferation. Hath1 may be an anti-oncogene in colon carcinogenesis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

Background: There is no consensus on the definition of primary care in South Korea. This study's objective was to define the concept of primary care using a Delphi method. Methods: Three expert panels were formed, consisting of 16 primary care policy researchers, 45 stakeholders, and 16 primary care physicians. Three rounds of voting, using 9-point appropriateness scales, were conducted. The first round involved rating the appropriateness of 20 previously established attributes of primary care. In the second round, panelists received a summary of the first-round results and were asked to once again vote on the 10 undetermined attributes and the provisional definition. The final round involved voting on the appropriateness of the revised definition. The Korean Language Society reviewed the revised definition. Results: Four core (first-contact care, comprehensiveness, coordination, and longitudinality) and three ancillary (personalized care, family and community context, and community base) attributes were selected. The Korean definition of primary care was accomplished with all three panel groups arriving at a 'very good' level of consensus. Conclusion: The Korean definition of primary care will provide a framework for evaluating performance of primary care in South Korea. It will also contribute to resolving confusion about the concept of primary care.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.54
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• pp.76-97
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• 2011

What are the meanings of abduction as a methodology of Cultural Studies? By contextualizing Charles Sanders Peirce's logic of abduction in the discipline of Cultural Studies, I explore the epistemological discussion on the modern scientific research methodology of social sciences. Abduction is a kind of logical inference, which is often associated with guessing or intuition. Peirce's method of abduction and Cultural Studies' contextual formation in effect address an alternative methodology to positivism. Criticizing the modern Eurocentric structure of knowledge construction, I suggest that the virtue of abduction, as a logic of discovery, should be re-discovered in the context of Cultural Studies. Abduction holds important lessons for Cultural Studies as well as social sciences in general because of its focus on intuition, empathy, and intellectual collaboration. Through its elaboration of the logic of abduction, Cultural Studies is able to maintain not only its epistemological ground but also its methodological communicability.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.334-340
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• 2015

Background Full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) are generally considered unreliable for coverage of full-thickness finger defects with bone or tendon exposure, and there are few clinical reports of its use in this context. However, animal studies have shown that an FTSG can survive over an avascular area ranging up to 12 mm in diameter. In our experience, the width of the exposed bones or tendons in full-thickness finger defects is <7 mm. Therefore, we covered the bone- or tendon-exposed defects of 16 fingers of 10 patients with FTSGs. Methods The surgical objectives were healthy granulation tissue formation in the wound bed, marginal de-epithelization of the normal skin surrounding the defect, preservation of the subdermal plexus of the central graft, and partial excision of the dermis along the graft margin. The donor site was the mastoid for small defects and the groin for large defects. Results Most of the grafts (15 of 16 fingers) survived without significant surgical complications and achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. Minor complications included partial graft loss in one patient, a minimal extension deformity in two patients, a depression deformity in one patient, and mild hyperpigmentation in four patients. Conclusions We observed excellent graft survival with this method with no additional surgical injury of the normal finger, satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes, and no need for secondary debulking procedures. Potential disadvantages include an insufficient volume of soft tissue and graft hyperpigmentation. Therefore, FTSGs may be an option for treatment of full-thickness finger defects with bone or tendon exposure.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.407-434
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the TPACK measurement tool for middle and high school mathematics teachers in the Korean context. Also, by clarifying the relationship between subordinate factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, an attempt was made to provide suggestions on the designs and directions for the in-service and pre-service teacher education and the programs for improving mathematics teachers' TPACK in the future. In order to achieve this goal, TPACK factors of mathematics teachers were extracted by reviewing literature on PCK, MKT, and TPACK. Then, content validity, basic statistical survey, reliability verification, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model verification were conducted sequentially. At first, preliminary analysis was carried out on 79 mathematics teachers, and 76 items excluding the items with extreme value and reliability were included in the basic statistical analysis. And secondly, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 376 mathematics teachers, and this instrument consisted of 7 subordinate factors(CK, PK, TK, PCK, TCK, TPK, TPACK) and 61 items. Also by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model test with 254 mathematics teachers, the measurement tool was confirmed the validity and reliability through statistically significant analysis. Then, the importance of integrated knowledge was confirmed by looking at the relationship between the TPACK factors of in-service mathematics teachers. The integrated knowledge(PCK, TCK, TPK) has played a crucial role in the formation of TPACK rather than the knowledge of CK, PK, and TK alone. Finally, the validity of TCK was confirmed through the structural equation modeling of TPACK. TCK not only directly affected TPACK, but also indirectly through TPK. According to these affirmative results, this measurement tool is claimed to be suitable for measuring the factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, and also the structural equation model can be regarded as a suitable model for analyzing the structural relationship of mathematics teachers' TPACK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.241-256
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• 1996

The purposee of this study was to identify the effect of perceiver's clothing attitude on male impressions created by the clothing cues and contexts. In addition, the effect of perceiver's evaluations of clothing appropriateness on male impressions. The subjects consisted of 256 male undergraduate students and 256 middle aged men. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli were 8 color Photographs of drawings of a male figure in clothing which were minipulated in two levels, each of three clothing cues including type, style and color. The experimental design was full factorial design of 2(contexts$\times$clothing types$\times$clothing style$\times$clothing color). Each of the 16 sub-samples includes 16 subjects from the two perceiver group. Questionnaires used to measure perceivers responses to the stimuli were 7-point semantic differential scales composed of 37 bipolar adjectives representing personal traits. Four aspects of clothing attitude(fashion interest, status symbols consiousness, clothing conformity, practicality & comfort)were used to classify subjects into groups of 20 five-point likers type questionnaires adapted from the previous research. Clothing appropriateness were developed 5 point likest scales for evaluation of a stimulus person in each context. The data was processed by factor analysis, ANOVA, multiple classification analysis, Duncan's multiple range test, cluster analysis, MANOVA and pearson's product moment correlations. The major findings drawn from this study were as follows: 1. Perceiver's clothing attitude influenced impression formed by the social contexts and clothing crises. In three groups classified by their clothing attitude, the status symbol-oriented group was most affected by the social contexts and clothing cues. 2. Perceiver's evaluation of clothing appropriateness was related with impressions by a stimulus person. In summary the effect of contexts and clothing cues on impression formation varied according to perceiver's clothing attitude and clothing approopiateness.