• School Mathematics
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.351-368
• /
• 2009

This study presents data from a year-long teaching experiment which illustrate how two seventh graders modified their multiplicative thinking and interacted with their representing symbols in the context of combinatorial problem situations. Damon was at the process of construction of recursively multiplicative thinking by modifying his multiplicative reasoning, but Carol appeared to remain at the stage of a binary multiplicative scheme. The two students' struggles with their representing symbols or represented symbols by the teacher show that even well-organized symbolic systems from teachers' perspective do not necessarily help students advance their mathematical capacity.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.109-128
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study examined the relationships among mothers' marital satisfaction, parenting behavior, and preschoolers' sleep problems. Methods: Three hundred mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires on three research variables. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. Results: First, mothers' marital satisfaction was negatively related to preschoolers' sleep problems. Second, mothers' marital satisfaction was positively associated with warmth and reasoning, while mothers' marital satisfaction was negatively associated with intrusiveness, coercion, and neglect. Third, mothers' warmth and reasoning were negatively linked to preschoolers' sleep problems, but mothers' coercion was positively linked to preschoolers' sleep problems. Lastly, mothers' warmth partially mediated the relationship between mothers' marital satisfaction and preschoolers' sleep problems. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that mothers' marital satisfaction and parenting behavior had an influence on preschoolers' sleep problems. These findings highlight the importance of the family context for preschoolers' healthy sleeping habits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.10b
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2006

상황 정보 관리 시스템은 외부에서 입력된 상황 정보의 숨겨진 의미를 파악하여 상황인지 에이전트 및 상황인지 브로커가 효과적으로 상황정보를 획득하도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 외부 환경으로부터 받은 상황정보의 숨겨진 의미를 파악하기 위해 DL 추론과 시간적 추론을 적용한 상황 정보 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 위해서 3가지 부분에 초점을 두었다. 첫 번째, 외부에서 입력된 상황 정보를 효율적으로 표현하고 여러 에이전트간의 상황 정보 공유가 가능하도록 온톨로지 모델을 적용한다. 온톨로지로 표현된 상황정보는 정보의 속성을 제약함으로써 숨겨진 상황 정보를 추론할 수 있도록 해준다. 두 번째로 상황 정보의 관계를 추론할 수 있도록 서술 논리(Description Logic)를 적용한다. 마지막으로 상황 정보의 시간적 관계를 추론할 수 있도록 시간 논리(Temporal Logic)을 적용한다. 따라서 본 논문에서의 최종 목표는 상황 정보 관리 시스템 연구를 통해 상황인지 에이전트 및 상황인지 브로커에 활용이 가능한 온톨로지 기반 추론 기능을 보유하는 지능형 모듈의 기본 프레임워크를 구축하는 것이다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2020

Scientific inquiry has emphasized its importance in various aspects of science learning and has been performed according to various methods and purposes. Among the various aspects of science learning, it is emphasized to develop core competencies with science, such as scientific thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to support students to be able to formulate scientific reasoning properly. This study attempts to explore problem-finding and scientific reasoning in the process of performing scientific inquiry. This study also aims to reveal what factors influence this complex process. For this purpose, this study analyzed the inquiry process and results performed by two groups of college students who conducted the inquiry related to osmosis. To analyze, research plans, presentations, and group interviews were used. As a result, it was found that participants used various scientific reasoning, such as deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning, in the process of problem finding for their inquiry about osmosis. In the process of inquiry and reasoning complexly, anomalous data, which appear regularly, and the characteristics of experimental instruments influenced their reasoning. Various reasons were produced for the purpose of constructing the best explanation about the phenomena observed by participants themselves. Finally, based on the results of this study, several implications for the development context of programs using scientific inquiry are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.1102-1106
• /
• 2015

To provide social security and for cooperative smart camera context awareness processing, each camera stores and exchange context data. For a specific event, measured values with other context data is stored RDB. RDB is transformed to ontology RDF file and is used for context reasoning. Interoperability between smart cameras conforms to ONVIF and constitutes intelligent surveillance system. To guarantee the confidentiality and integrity, securiy techniques are adopted. Security overhead between agents is analyzed in the prototype system implemented.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.63-77
• /
• 2010

This study was to investigate the differences of 'math talks' between concept-based storybook reading and context-based storybook reading activities. The teachers carried out storybook reading activities with their children using either four concept-based storybooks or four context-based storybooks. Fifty-six storybook reading activities from seven kindergarten classrooms were observed. The data were collected through participant observations and audio recordings. The transcriptions of 'math talks' during storybook reading activity were classified in terms of the levels of instructional conversation, types of mathematizing, and the mathematical processes involved. The results indicated that the 'math talks' during the concept-based storybook reading activity were higher than those of the context-based storybook reading activity in terms of both the instructional conversation and in quantifying and redescribing of mathematizing. However, the 'math talks' during the context-based storybook reading activity were higher than those of the concept-based storybook reading activity in connecting and reasoning of the mathematical processes involved. These findings suggest that early childhood teachers need to improve the level of instructional conversation during math storybook reading activities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2019

Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) play a crucial role during the software development process. Currently, NFRs are considered more important than Functional Requirements and can determine the success of a software system. NFRs can be very complicated to understand due to their subjective manner and especially their conflicting nature. Self-adaptive systems (SAS) are operating in dynamically changing environment. Furthermore, the configuration of the SAS systems is dynamically changing according to the current systems context. This means that the configuration that manages the trade-off between NFRs in this context may not be suitable in another. This is because the NFRs satisfaction is based on a per-context basis. Therefore, one context configuration to satisfy one NFR may produce a conflict with another NFR. Furthermore, current approaches managing Non-Functional Requirements trade-off stops managing them during the system runtime which of concern. To solve this, we propose fragmentizing the NFRs and their alternative solutions in form of Multi-entity Bayesian network fragments. Consequently, when changes occur, our system creates a situation specific Bayesian network to measure the impact of the system's conditions and environmental changes on the NFRs satisfaction. Moreover, it dynamically decides which alternative solution is suitable for the current situation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2012

The dissemination of smartphones is being spread and supplementary services using smartphones are increasing and various as the Mobile network and device are developing rapidly, so smartphones that enables to provide a wide range of services is expected to receive the most attention. It makes users listen to music anytime, anywhere in real-time, use useful applications, and access to Internet to search for information. The service environment is changing on PC into Mobile due to the change of the circumstance mentioned above. these services are done by using just location information rather than other context, and users have to search services and use them. It is essential to have Context-aware technology for personalization recommendation services and the appropriate representation and definition of Context information for context-aware. Ontology is possible to represent knowledge freely and knowledge can be extended by inferring. In addition, design of the ontology model is needed according to the purposes of utilization. This paper used context-aware technologies to implement a user personalization recommendation service. It also defined the context through OWL modeling for user personalization recommendation service and used inference rules and inference engine for context reasoning.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.16A no.2
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2009

With the development of ubiquitous computing technology, the number of HCI applications is increasing, where they utilize various contexts to provide adaptive services to users according to the change of contexts, and also, technologies for collecting various sensor data and generating integrated contexts get more important. However, the research on the collection and integration of multi-sensor data is not sufficient when we consider the various utilization areas of the integrated contexts. In particular, they have some problems to be solved such as duplication of the context data and the high system load. In this paper, we propose an integrated context generation scheme based on Ant Colony System. Proposed scheme generates the context data as a form of XML and avoids the generation of unnecessary context information by detecting the repeated sensor information based on the ant colony system. As a result of detections, we reduce wasted resources and repositories when the integrated context is created. We also reduce the overhead for reasoning.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.7 no.2 s.30
• /
• pp.138-147
• /
• 2006

The objective of this research is to explore a more precise forecasting method by applying Case-based Reasoning (CBR). The newly suggested method in this study enables project managers to forecast monthly expenditures with less time and effort by retrieving and referring only projects of a similar nature, while filtering out irrelevant cases included in database. For the purpose of accurate forecasting, 1) the choice of the numbers of referring projects and 2) the better selection among three levels ? which include a 20-work package level, a 7-major work package level, and a total sum level analysis, were investigated in detail. It is concluded that selecting similar projects at $12{\sim}19%$ out of the whole database will produce a more precise forecasting. The new forecasting model, which suggests the predicted values based on previous projects, is more than just a forecasting methodology; it provides a bridge that enables current data collection techniques to be used within the context of the accumulated information. This will eventually help all the participants in the construction industry to build up the knowledge derived from invaluable experience.