• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examinate the effect of aging period on chromatic, chemical and organoleptic characteristics, and to evaluate of optimum aging period for each grade in flue-cured leaf tobacco. The leaf tobaccos were produced in 2000, and threshed, redried and packed in carton box under the current methods. Four grades of processed leaf(A3O, B1O, C1L and D3L) were stored during 24 months(May 10, 2001 to April 31, 2003) in warehouse of Chungju Leaf Tobacco Processing Factory. The leaf tobaccos were sampled at three month intervals for analysis of chromatic, chemical and organoleptic properties. Yellow(b), pH values and total sugar contents of four grades were significantly decreased during the aging. Filling values, tar, nicotine and CO contents of tobacco smoke, and puff number of cigarettes were not significantly changed during the aging. Positive correlation coefficients were significantly observed between taste and irritation of the calculated attributes from contents of volatile oil components in leaf tobacco and those of the panel sensory attributes. The ratio of maximum change in taste attribute was larger than that in irritation attribute during aging. The optimum aging periods estimated by taste for A3O, B1O, C1L and D3L were 17.8, 14.9, 10.8, and 9.8 months, respectively. The thin leaf(Primings and Cutters) undergo satisfactory aging earlier as compared to bodied leaf(Leaf and Tips). The results suggest that decrease of aging period for thin leaf from 18～21 to 9～12 months may be beneficial to save storage cost in flue-cured tobacco.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1644-1652
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• 2022

In the case of safety training where practical training is impossible due to risk problems, training contents using realistic media such as virtual reality or augmented reality are becoming a new alternative. In this paper, we propose a smoke modeling method that can be applied to safety-training contents implemented with realistic media technology. When an accident occurs in a hazardous area such as a petrochemical plant, visibility is not secured due to gas leakage and fire. In order to create such a situation, it is important to realistically express smoke. The proposed method is a smoke model implementation technique that can be effectively applied to the background of complex passages and devices such as petrochemical plants. In the proposed method, the smoke is expressed using volumetric rendering in the post-processing stage for the resulting image of scene rendering. Implementation results in the background of the factory show that the proposed method produces models that can express the smoke realistically.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.129-142
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• 2022

Ginseng sprouts, which can be eaten from leaves to roots, has the advantage of not having to use pesticides without being affected by the season by using smart farms. The optimal cultivation timing of sprout ginseng was checked and the nutritional content and antioxidant activity were compared and analyzed. The values of total fatty acids and total minerals were no significant changes during the growth periods. The contents of total amino acids were slightly decreased to 45 days and after increased to 65 days. When the growth period was 65 days, arginine had the highest content of 3309.11 mg/100 g. The total phenolic contents were high at 3.73 GAE mg/g on the 45 days, and the total flavonoid contents were also the highest at 9.04 RE mg/g on the 45 days. The contents of total ginsenoside was not noticeable for the growth periods (29.83 on 25 days→32.77 on 45 days→26.02 mg/g on 65 days). The ginsenoside Rg2 (0.62 mg/g), Re (8.69 mg/g), Rb1 (4.75 mg/g) and Rd (3.47 mg/g) had highest contents on 45 days during growth. The values of phenolic acids and flavonols were gradually increased to 45 days (338.6 and 1277.14 ㎍/g) and then decreased to 65 days. The major compounds of phenolic acids and flavonols were confirmed to benzoic acid (99.03-142.33 ㎍/g) and epigallocatechin (416.03-554.64 ㎍/g), respectively. The values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (44.27%), 2,4,6-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphnoic acid) diammonium salt (75.16%), and hydroxyl (63.29%) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (1.573) showed the highest activity on the 45 days as well as results of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate responses of photosynthesis, plant growth, and phytochemical contents to different artificial light sources for 'Seneca RZ' and 'Gaugin RZ' two butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). In this study, fluorescent lamps (FL), three colors LEDs (red, blue and white, 5 : 4 : 1; RBW) and metalhalide lamps (MH) were used as artificial lighting sources. Photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, EC, and pH in a cultivation system were maintained at 16/8 h, $25/15^{\circ}C$, 60~70%, $1.4{\pm}0.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $6.0{\pm}0.5$, respectively. The photosynthetic rate of both two butterhead lettuce were the highest under RBW in middle growth stage. However, in late growth stage, the photosynthetic rate of both two butterhead lettuce were higher under RBW and MH than FL. The light sources showed significant results for plant growth but those effects were different to variety. Fresh and dry weight of 'Gaugin RZ' butterhead lettuce under MH were heavier than other lights in all growth stages. Growth of 'Seneca RZ' butterhead lettuce was maximized highest under MH in middle growth stage and FL in late growth stage. In the leaf tissue of 'Seneca RZ' butterhead lettuce, tipburn symptom occurred under all light sources and in the leaf tissue of 'Gaugin RZ' butterhead lettuce, it occurred under two light sources except for fluorescent lamps in late growth stage. kinds of lamp affect plant growth more than plant quality. Relative growth rate of both two butterhead lettuce was faster in middle growth stage than late stage. Growth of 'Gaugin RZ' was shown by kinds of lamp in middle growth stage and but it was not significantly affected by light sources and variety in late stage. Most of the phytochemical contents of two butterhead lettuce were significantly affected by different light sources. Contents of all vitamins showed higher than other light sources on RBW for both two lettuce, especially ${\beta}$-Carotene content of 'Gaugin RZ' was the highest. Plant growth, photosynthesis, and phytochemical contents were observed significant effects by different light sources for two butterhead lettuce but those effects were highly different between variety and kinds of phytochemicals. Therefore, the selection of optimum light source should be considered by variety and kinds of phytochemicals in the plant factory.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.400-407
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• 2013

This study was performed to analyze the effect of light quality of discharge lamp on growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Jeokchima) grown under metal halide (MH) lamp, high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp, and xenon (XE) lamp in a plant factory. Cool-white fluorescent (FL) lamp was used as the control. Photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$ concentration, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) in a plant factory were 16/8 h (day/night), $22/18^{\circ}C$, 70%, 400 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, and 200 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. MH lamp had the greatest fraction of blue light (400-500 nm) of 23.0%. However, HPS lamp had the lowest fraction of 4.7% for blue light and the greatest fraction of 38.0% for red light (600-700 nm). At 11 and 21 days after transplanting, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of lettuce as affected by the light quality of the discharge lamp were significantly different. The leaf area of lettuce grown under HPS, MH, and XE lamp increased by 45.7%, 16.3%, and 9.5%, respectively, as compared to the control. These results were similar for shoot fresh weight. Growth characteristics of lettuce grown under HPS lamp increased since HPS lamp had more fraction of red light. However, growth of lettuce grown under MH and XE lamp decreased since they had more fraction of blue light. As compared to the control, the ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves grown under discharge lamp decreased. The greatest anthocyanins accumulation of 0.70 mg/100 g was found at MH treatment. Anthocyanins content in lettuce leaves grown under XL and HPS lamp were 79.3% and 8.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce were highly affected by the different spectral distribution of the discharge lamp. These results indicate that the combination of discharge lamp or LED lamp for enhancing the light quality of discharge lamps is required to increase the growth and phytochemicals accumulation of lettuce in controlled environment such as plant factory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2016

This study investigated the quality characteristics of factory-style ssamjang (FSS) and commercial handmade-style ssamjang (HSS) products. Moisture, crude protein, and crude fat contents were significantly higher in the HSS groups (49.37~62.12%, 9.39~13.46%, and 4.40~8.35%) than the FSS groups (41.94~45.83%, 7.50~9.09%, and 1.81~3.36%). Salt content was higher in the HSS groups (6.33~11.18%) than the FSS groups (6.10~7.57%). Moreover, the average salt content (7.51%) of the HSS groups and the FSS groups was lower than that of commercial ssamjang (8.73%). Hunter's color value was also significantly higher in the FSS groups. However, free sugar, organic acid, and free amino acids contents varied greatly between the FSS groups and the HSS groups, which was likely due to the different manufacturing method, ripening degree of doenjang and the main material used for ssamjang.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2022

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular haploid eukaryote, has long been used by researchers and industries as a cell factory to produce high value-added microalgae substances using genetic modification. Microalga K01, presumed to be Chlamydomonas, was isolated from 12 freshwater samples from the Chungcheong and Jeolla regions to replace C. reinhardtii, an introduced species currently used in most basic and industrial research. The isolated K01 strain was identified as C. reinhardtii through morphological and phylogenetic studies of the 18S rDNA gene sequence (NCBI accession number KC166137). The growth and lipid content of the isolated C. reinhardtii K01 were compared with three wild and four mutant strains in TAP medium, and it was found that the K01 strain could produce 1.74×10⁷ cells/ml by the third day of culture. The growth rate of C. reinhardtii K01 was 1.5 times faster than UTEX2244, which showed the highest number of cells (1.20×10⁷ cells/ml) among the compared strains. The lipid content of the isolated C. reinhardtii K01 (20.67%) was similar to those of the wild strains, although the fatty acid oleate C18:1 was not detected in the isolated strain but was identified in the seven others. The cell density of the isolated strain increased to 0.87 g/l during a six-day culture in BG11 medium, where nitrate (NaNO₃) was introduced as a nitrogen source, while the seven acquired strains showed almost no cell proliferation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

In modular architecture, manufacturing drawing which includes whole information for modular unit production is essential since works for modular unit have to be performed in manufacturing factory not construction field. Although the manufacturing drawing is important as known it is insufficient to utilize the manufacturing drawing in modular architecture project and this makes modular unit low-quality with re-work and work time delay. To prevent low-quality modular unit caused by insufficient manufacturing drawing, in this research firstly manufacturing drawing's current situation and error cases in manufacturing phase of past modular housing project were analyzed, and correlation between reduction of errors occurance frequency and improving manufacturing drawing was verified. Secondly manufacturing drawing improvement factors were deducted in interior, furniture, mechanical work phase which errors' occurance rate is high and the way of deducting manufacturing drawing lists and contents were suggested with light-weight work as an example in case of new type of errors occurance. A series of research process can contribute to good-quality modular unit by errors reduction. As a result of research, about half of errors occurance can be reduced with suggested manufacturing drawing improvement factors. And the manufacturing drawing process can contribute to modular production which have uniform quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1285-1285
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• 2001

For NIR measurements of papers normally diffuse reflectance accessories are used which can provide a large sampling area. The in-line process control FT-NIR spectrometer MATRIX-E enables the contactless measurement of paper samples of low silicone coat weights on label-stocks in a paper converting factory. For this study concentrations of silicone between 0 and 2 g/$m^2$ on various paper substrates were included in a quantitative method. The aim was to achieve an absolute value for the deviation from the target value of 1 g/$m^2$ during continuous movement of the paper with velocities around 400 numinute. Influences from the uncoated paper type due to supplier, color, opacity, area densities, pre-coating as well as different compounds of the agent silicone were investigated and it was found that all these papers can be represented in one PLS-model. Especially the fact that silicone as an element is present in clay coated papers is of no consequence to the measurements with MATRIX-E. Moreover during in-line installations the variation of the moisture contents in the moving paper due to variable machine velocities as well as the reflecting material of the cylinder have to be considered. It is shown that the result of the in-line calibration has the same prediction ability compared to lab scale results(Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation RMSECV = 0.034 g/$m^2$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1193-1193
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• 2001

For NIR measurements of papers normally diffuse reflectance accessories are used which can provide a large sampling area. The in-line process control FT-NIR spectrometer MATRIX-E enables the contactless measurement of paper samples of low silicone coat weights on label-stocks in a paper converting factory. For this study concentrations of silicone between 0 and 2 g/㎡ on various paper substrates were included in a quantitative method. The aim was to achieve an absolute value for the deviation from the target value of 1 g/㎡ during continuous movement of the paper with velocities around 400 m/minute. Influences from the uncoated paper type due to supplier, color, opacity, area densities, pre-coating as well as different compounds of the agent silicone were investigated and it was found that all these papers can be represented in one PLS-model. Especially the fact that silicone as an element is present in clay coated papers is of no consequence to the measurements with MATRIX-E. Moreover during in-line installations the variation of the moisture contents in the moving paper due to variable machine velocities as well as the reflecting material of the cylinder have to be considered. It is shown that the result of the in-line calibration has the same prediction ability compared to lab scale results (Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation RMSECV = 0.034 g/㎡).