Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2013.22.4.400

Growth and Phytochemicals of Lettuce as Affected by Light Quality of Discharge Lamps  

Lee, Jae Su (Department of Bioindustrial Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University)
Nam, Sang Woon (Department of Agricultural & Rural Engineering, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Yong Hyeon (Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Chonbuk National University(The Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology))
Publication Information
Journal of Bio-Environment Control / v.22, no.4, 2013 , pp. 400-407 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was performed to analyze the effect of light quality of discharge lamp on growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Jeokchima) grown under metal halide (MH) lamp, high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp, and xenon (XE) lamp in a plant factory. Cool-white fluorescent (FL) lamp was used as the control. Photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$ concentration, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) in a plant factory were 16/8 h (day/night), $22/18^{\circ}C$, 70%, 400 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, and 200 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. MH lamp had the greatest fraction of blue light (400-500 nm) of 23.0%. However, HPS lamp had the lowest fraction of 4.7% for blue light and the greatest fraction of 38.0% for red light (600-700 nm). At 11 and 21 days after transplanting, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of lettuce as affected by the light quality of the discharge lamp were significantly different. The leaf area of lettuce grown under HPS, MH, and XE lamp increased by 45.7%, 16.3%, and 9.5%, respectively, as compared to the control. These results were similar for shoot fresh weight. Growth characteristics of lettuce grown under HPS lamp increased since HPS lamp had more fraction of red light. However, growth of lettuce grown under MH and XE lamp decreased since they had more fraction of blue light. As compared to the control, the ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves grown under discharge lamp decreased. The greatest anthocyanins accumulation of 0.70 mg/100 g was found at MH treatment. Anthocyanins content in lettuce leaves grown under XL and HPS lamp were 79.3% and 8.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce were highly affected by the different spectral distribution of the discharge lamp. These results indicate that the combination of discharge lamp or LED lamp for enhancing the light quality of discharge lamps is required to increase the growth and phytochemicals accumulation of lettuce in controlled environment such as plant factory.
Keywords
artificial lighting source; high-pressure sodium lamp; metal halide lamp; xenon lamp; fluorescent lamp; anthocyanin; ascorbic acid;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Noh, B. and E. Spalding. 1998. Anion channels and the stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation by blue light in arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Physiology 116:503-509.   DOI
2 Ohyama, K., K. Mannabe, Y. Omura, and T. Kozai. 2005. Potential use of a 24 h (continuous light) with alternating air temperature for production of tomato plug transplants in a closed system. HortSci. 40:374-377.
3 Oh, M.M., E.C. Edward, and C.B. Rajashekar. 2009. Environmental stresses induce health promoting phytochemicals in lettuce. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47:578-583.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Park, J.E., Y.G. Park, B.R. Jeong, and S.J. Hwang. 2012. Growth and anthocyanin content of lettuce as affected by artificial light source and photoperiod in a closed-type plant production system. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 30(6):673*679 (in Korean).
5 Park, K.W., Y.J. Shin, and Y.B. Lee. 1992. Studies on the modeling of controlled environment in leaf vegetable crops (II. Effects of various light sources on the growth). J. Bio. Fac. Env. 1(2):135-141 (in Korean).
6 Perez-Balibrea, S., D.A. Moreno, and C. Garia-Viquera. 2008. Influence of light on health-promoting phytochemicals of broccoli sprouts. J. Sci. Food Agric. 88:904-910.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Rajapakse, N.C. and J.W. Kelly. 1992. Regulation of chrysanthemum growth by spectral filters. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:481-485.
8 Um, Y.C., S.S. Oh, J.G. Lee, S.Y. Kim, and Y.A. Jang. 2010. The development of container-type plant factory and growth of leafy vegetables as affected by different light sources. J. Bio-Environ. Con. 19(4):333-342 (in Korean).
9 Barta, D.J., T.W. Tibbitts, R.J. Bula, and R.C. Morrow. 1992. Evaluation of light emitting diode characteristics for space-based plant irradiation source. Adv. Space Res. 12:141-149.
10 Cho, Y.R., D.W. Han, and Y.B. Lee. 1998. Effect of artificial light sources on the growth of crisphead lettuce in plant factory. J. Bio. Fac. Env. 7(1):35-42 (in Korean).
11 Giliberto, L., G. Perrotta, P. Pallara, J.L. Weller, P.D. Fraser, P.M. Bramley, A. Fiore, M. Tavazza, and G. Giuliano. 2005. Manipulation of the blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 2 in tomato affects vegetative development, flowering time, and fruit antioxidant content. Plant Physiol. 137:199-208.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Goto, E. 2003. Effects of light quality on growth of crop plants under artificial lighting. Environ. Control in Biol. 41(2):121-132.   DOI
13 Henry, B.S., G.F.A. Hendry, and J.D. Hougton. 1992. Natural food color. In National Food Colorants, Blackie and Son Ltd, Glasgo p. 39.
14 Kim, I.S., C. Zhang, H.M. Kang, and B. Mackay. 2008. Control of stretching of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings using supplemental light. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 49: 287-292.
15 Kim, Y.H. 1999. Plant growth and morphogenesis control in transplant production system using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as artificial light source -Spectral characteristics and light intensity of LEDs. J. Kor. Soc. Agric. Mach. 24(2): 115-122 (in Korean).
16 Kim, Y.H. and C.H. Lee. 1998. Light intensity and spectral characteristics of fluorescent lamps as artificial light source for close illumination in transplant production factory. J. Kor. Soc. Agric. Mach. 23(6):591-598 (in Korean).
17 Kim, Y.H. and J.S. Lee. 2012. Growth and phytochemicals of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as affected by light quality and photoperiod of LED lamps. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 30(Suppl. I):85-86 (in Korean).
18 Lee, H.I., J.S. Lee, J.H. Park, and Y.H. Kim. 2011. Growth and light utilization efficiency of lettuce as affected by different artificial lighting sources and photoperiod. Proceedings of the Kor. Soc. Bio-Environ. Con. 20(1):120-121 (in Korean).
19 MFDS. 2011. Food Code.
20 Ninu, L., M. Ahmad, C. Miarelli, A.R. Cashmore, and G. Giuliano. 1999. Cryptochrome 1 controls tomato development in response to blue light. Plant J. 18:551-556.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Yorio, N.C., G.D. Goins, H.R. Kagie, R.M. Wheeler, and J.C. Sager. 2001. Improving spinach, radish, and lettuce growth under red light emitting diodes (LEDs) with blue light supplementation. HortSci. 36(2):380-383.
22 Nishioka, N., T. Nishimura, K. Ohyama, M. Sumino, S.H. Malayeri, E. Goto, N. Inagaki, and T. Morota. 2008. Light quality affected growth and contents of essential oil components of Japanese mint plants. Acta Hort. 797:431-436.
23 Nishimura, T., S.M.A. Zobayed, T. Kozai, and E. Goto. 2006. Effect of light quality of blue and red fluorescent lamps on growth of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L). J. SHITA 18(3):225-229.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Nishimura, T., K. Ohyama, E. Goto, and N. Iangaki. 2009. Concentration of perillaldehyde, limonene, and anthocyanin of Perilla plants as affected by light quality under controlled environments. Sci. Hortic. 122:134-137.   DOI   ScienceOn