• Urogenital Tract Infection
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

The Institute of Medicine in its report "Clinical Practice Guidelines we can trust" defined standards for clinical practice guidelines. However, many guidelines continue to rely on expert opinion and lack a formal framework for moving from evidence to recommendations. These guidelines may or may not be labeled as "consensus statements" and do not meet contemporary standards for guideline documents we would refer to as "evidence-based". Therefore, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group developed a novel, rigorous and transparent approach to grading certainty (quality) of evidence. In addition, it created a system for "moving from evidence to decisions", for example for the development of evidence-based guidelines. In this article, we aim to introduce this approach to appraising the certainty of relevant evidence and estimate the benefits and detriments of health care interventions within the larger context of evidence-based medicine.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2021

The news and views of Pakistani television channels are extensively shared on digital media for information or analysis where the general public discusses overt and covert agendas by mentioning their factual and presentational style. This study contributes to the contemporary studies of media perception through focus group interviews with 72 randomly selected master's and bachelor's students studying Media and Communication at the School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan to provide information about the feelings and observations of future journalists and media literates. In summary, the findings of our research exposed the negative perception of Pakistani electronic media among the participants due to what they perceived as biased, inaccurate, and unethical reporting.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

This study started from the concern for Bjrake Ingels, an emerging architect in the architecture circle, who is creative and popular. Recently, the architecture field provides architects with a foundation to express a process on a new form creation through various new expressive languages, design concepts, and methods. The global Danish group BIG(Bjarke Ingels Group) develops a story by their distinctive architectural language. The storytelling is being used in various fields and now the tool called 'story' is settling down as an important element in the life that human lives. Bjarke Ingels leading the group BIG aims for the form expression by the scientific analysis and adaptation after being affected by Danish regional background and OMA. It creates a form to share stories with local members by visually simplifying the region, culture, environment, social phenomenon, economy, and politics that are invisible and do not have the form in the modern society. The elements and expressive features of the space storytelling include locality, cultural, natural environment, and connectivity which are the content structure(story) that enables you to intervene in the story according to the main agent to imagine a new space. The expressive element includes the watching moving line story of the successive, hierarchical, and organic structures which are constructive elements creating various spaces through the mixture, transmutability, and relocation of the program and inducing users to the space. The space storytelling is composed of the symbolism, community, and eco-friendliness to appear diversely through BIG's case analysis. This study will have significance that it drew a method and feature looked at by many contemporary architects from the storytelling viewpoint in the form-creating process, classified the form-creating process through a new storytelling type, and showed a possibility on the development of various methodologies.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2004

형이공방(Keiji Kobo)은 독일 바우하우스의 교육활동이 그 정점에 있던 1928년에 결성되어 전쟁의 기운이 짙어져서 더 이상 활동을 할 수 없었던 제2차 대전 직전까지의 약 10년 간 미래를 내다보는 혜안으로 건축의 새로운 사조를 표방하는 근대디자인을 목표로 하여 여러 가지 활동을 한 희귀한 자생적 디자인 연구단체로써, 일본이 서구 디자인 사조를 흡수하여 현대 디자인의 장을 화려하게 펼치는 데 상당한 영향을 끼친 상징적 단체이다. 형이공방에서는 산업시대를 전제로 한 새 시대의 생활공예-합리적인 생활가구-를 추구함으로써 근대적 사고를 실천하기 위하여 활발한 활동을 전개하였다. 이 공방의 작업은 조사 시작(試作) 실험 연구 전시회 강습회 주문판매 광고 집필이라는 많은 영역에 걸쳐있다. 그 활동은 결코 상업적인 목적으로 변질되지 않은 진지한 것이었으며, 군국주의 일본이라는 당시의 특수한 시대적 배경에 비추어 보더라도 놀랍도록 기능주의 사고를 견지한 순수하고 투명한 이념을 가지고 있었다. 이 공방은 어슬프고 규모가 적은, 10년 남짓 활동했던 연구집단이었다. 그러나 조용했던 그 활동 속에는 불같은 의지가 숨어 있었으며, 오늘의 기준에서 보더라도 그 파급효과를 과소평가 할 수 없음을 알게 되었다. 일본의 오늘과 같은 발전의 이면에는 무수한 선각자의 기여가 있었을 터인즉, 형이공방의 그것도 디자인분야에 관한 한 빠트릴 수 없는 것 중 하나이다. 미루어 짐작컨대, 당시의 일본 지식인들은 그들의 헌신과 활동이 대중의 삶의 질을 근대화시키는 데 하나의 기여가 되기를 하나같이 열망하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 형이공방은 어떤 의미에서 일본에서의 꽃피다 만 작은 바우하우스라고 평가할 만하다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2020

21세기 동시대 연극은 복잡한 양상으로 전개된다. 사진과 영화 등 시각 매체의 발전은 연극의 위상에 큰 위기의식을 불러 일으켰고, 이로 인해 연극은 다른 예술보다 경쟁력을 가질 수 있는 형식에 대한 고민을 거듭함으로써 독자적인 생존전략을 모색하게 된다. 이와 같은 동시대 연극의 흐름 중에서 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있는 특징 중 하나가 바로 포스트드라마 연극이다. '현존'과 '체험'을 전면에 내세운 포스트드라마 연극 현상은 재현의 원리에 입각한 전통적인 드라마 이론을 해체시키며 세계 공연예술의 전반적인 흐름과 지형을 바꿔내고 있다. 특히, 포스트드라마 연극은 '행위자와 관객의 신체적 공동현존'을 통해 수동적인 입장에 머물렀던 관객의 역할과 위치 변화에 상당한 변화를 안겨준다. 이에 본 연구자는 최근 공연된 극단 '물결', 송현옥의 연극 <밑바닥에서>(2019)을 통해서 포스트드라마 연극 현상의 특징에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다. 본 연극은 원작을 해체하여 나타나는 텍스트(text)의 빈-공간을 오브제(object)등 다양한 시각적 요소들을 배치시킴으로써 공연 텍스트(performance)를 재구성한다. 더불어 '육체성'을 드러낸 신체언어와 '물질성'이 강조된 오브제(object)들이 꼴라쥬(collage)하며 입체적인 지각 세계를 형성해 낸다. 따라서 본고는 '시노그라피(scenography)를 통한 텍스트(text)의 해체', '신체언어와 오브제(object)의 꼴라쥬(collage)'로 나누어 연극 <밑바닥에서>에 나타난 포스트드라마 연극의 특성에 대해 고찰하는 것이 핵심이다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.84-100
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• 1999

Caring is the essential and universal concept of underlying nursing. Exactly how caring attributes relate to nurses' perception in the context of a contemporary technological environment have yet to be operationlized. In total. 560 Registered Nurses from 5 different university hospitals were involved in this study which aimed to : investigate technological influence and caring attributes as perceived by nurse. Data were obtained using Technological Influence Questionnaire (TIQ) and Caring Attributes Questionnaires(CAQ) which developed by Arthur et al(1999). Data were analyzed using SAS program for frequency. t-test. ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range test. and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows : 1) The mean score of TIQ was 48.84 and special unit nurses' TIQ was higher than that of general ward nurses. 2) The mean score of CAQ was 237.02 and it showed significant differences in the following variables : age. religion. educational background. marital status. career, and position. 3) With regard to the mean item score of CAQ by 3 perspectives : theoretical perspectives score was 3.76. practical perspectives score was 4.03, and pedagogical perspectives score was 3.84. 4) The correlation between TIQ score and CAQ score was slightly moderate (r=.35), The CAQ mean scsre was significantly different accordig to the level of TIQ meen score. The CAQ mean score was $247.19(\pm18.17)$ in high TIQ(>mean+1SD) group, $236.21(\pm19.71)$ In moderate $TIQ(between\;mean{\pm}1SD) $ group, and $228.47(\pm18.07)$ in low TIQ( (mean-1SD) group. In conclusion, nurses perceived the CAQ differently by several demographic characteristics which relating to age. religion, eduacational background. marital status. career. and position. This study provides an important message for administrators and nurse educators by highlighting factors which can be addressed by education programs. staff development and appraisal. Further research is necessary to improve and refine the Korean version of TIQ and CAQ instead of Arthur et al's scales directly to Korean nurses.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 1994

Paleomagnetic study of Tertiary rocks in Pohang area has been carried out to determine the characteristic directon of natural remanent magnetization, the position of paleomagnetic pole, the stratigraphic correlation, and the tectonic movement. A total of 196 specimens was collected from 5 sites in the Pohang Basin, 19 sites in the Janggi Basin, and 10 sites in the Eoil Basin, respectively. The mean declination and inclination of 4 sites (3 sites in the Yonil Group and 1 site in the Yonil Basalt) are $-3.2^{\circ}$ and $54.3^{\circ}$, and yield the paleomagnetic pole position $86.9^{\circ}N$ and $7.7^{\circ}E$. These are the characteristic direction and pole position of Miocene Epoch by comparison with contemporary Eurasian and Chinese data. The characteristic direction and pole position of remaining 30 sites are $47.6^{\circ}$ and $57.5^{\circ}$, and $52.3^{\circ}N$ and $201.5^{\circ}E$, respectively. These show clockwise rotation of $50.8^{\circ}$ with respect to the Miocene ones resulted by a tectonic movement before the deposition of the Hakjeon Formation of the Yonil Group about 15~16 Ma in the study area. The mechanism of the clockwise rotation is considered to be the dextral movement of the Yangsan Fault presumably caused by the opening of the East Sea. The Yonil Basalt is reclassified into pre- and post-deposition of the Yonil Group, i.e. the former is early Miocene and the latter late Miocene.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.184-197
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends that the Fishery and Shipping Department teachers at specialized vocational high schools have noticed about the characteristics of the applicant pool taking the College Scholastic Achievement Test(CSAT) since the vocational education division was first introduced in the CSAT in 2005. In addition, surveyed data from the study is highly desirable for researchers to understand the changes in the characteristics of the applicants for the fishery and maritime department in the CSAT. This study not only provides solid improvement on the selection of questions for the CSAT but also facilitates in the process of writing contemporary and relevant exam questions. The survey included 76 Teachers from 12 High School of Fisheries and Shipping Industry. The results were as follows. First, the reduction in the number of applicants for Fishery and Maritime department in the CSAT after 2010 is due to the new governmental policy that encourages students in vocational schools to find employment rather than pursuing further education. Second, the biggest group of students who forgo taking the CSAT after 2010 is those with high marks at school. Third, prediction of outcome after declining to take the person for the time being would be kept to a minimum sustained was staring personnel at some point.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Background: We developed a novel integrative lumbar stabilization technique that combines lumbar extension (LE) exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) to ameliorate low back pain (LBP) associated with neuromuscular imbalance and instability, based on the collective evidence of contemporary spinal rehabilitation. Objects: The specific aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LE exercise with and without ADIM on core muscle strength, lumbar spinal instability, and pain, as well as functional characteristics in individuals with LBP using advanced radiographic imaging techniques. Methods: patients with mechanical LBP (N = 40, 6 males; $35.1{\pm}7.6years$) were recruited and randomly assigned either to the combined LE and ADIM (experimental group) or the LE alone (control group). Outcome measures included the visual analog scale, the modified Oswestry Disability Index, muscle strength imbalance (MSI), and radiographic imaging. The lumbar intervertebral displacement (LID), intervertebral (IV) and total lumbar extension (TLE) angles were calculated to evaluate the lumbar segmental instability. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in the L3-L4, L5-S1 LIDs, L4-L5 and L5-S1 IV angles, and TLE angle as compared to the controls (p<.05). Immediate pain reduction and muscle strength imbalance ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the addition of ADIM significantly increased lumbar spinal stabilization in individuals with LBP, thereby reducing pain associated with functional lumbar flexion during daily activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

Background: Epidural injections are performed utilizing 3 approaches in the lumbar spine: caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal. The literature on the efficacy of epidural injections has been sporadic. There are few high-quality randomized trials performed under fluoroscopy in managing disc herniation that have a long-term follow-up and appropriate outcome parameters. There is also a lack of literature comparing the efficacy of these 3 approaches. Methods: This manuscript analyzes data from 3 randomized controlled trials that assessed a total of 360 patients with lumbar disc herniation. There were 120 patients per trial either receiving local anesthetic alone (60 patients) or local anesthetic with steroids (60 patients). Results: Analysis showed similar efficacy for caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal approaches in managing chronic pain and disability from disc herniation. The analysis of caudal epidural injections showed the potential superiority of steroids compared with local anesthetic alone a 2-year follow-up, based on the average relief per procedure. In the interlaminar group, results were somewhat superior for pain relief in the steroid group at 6 months and functional status at 12 months. Interlaminar epidurals provided improvement in a significantly higher proportion of patients. The proportion of patients nonresponsive to initial injections was also lower in the group for local anesthetic with steroid in the interlaminar trial. Conclusions: The results of this assessment show significant improvement in patients suffering from chronic lumbar disc herniation with 3 lumbar epidural approaches with local anesthetic alone, or using steroids with long-term follow-up of up to 2 years, in a contemporary interventional pain management setting.