• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2006

유류오염토양에 대한 고압공기분사를 이용한 세척기법의 적용성 연구를 위하여 저유소 주변의 실제 디젤오염토양을 사용하였으며 초기 오염농도는 $2,828{\pm}206\;mg/kg$으로 토양환경보전법상 가지역 우려기준 농도를 5배 이상 초과하였다. 세척공정의 기본 운전인자들에 대한 조건별 효율성 평가 및 최적조건 도출실험을 수행한 결과 효율적인 세척을 위하여 impeller는 편심 및 기울어진 중심에 위치하는 것이 가장 유리하였으며 교반속도는 높은 전단력(shear force)이 발생하는 고속교반조건(300 rpm)에서 세척효율이 가장 우수하였다. 교반시간은 10분이 효율성 및 경제성이 우수한 조건으로 판단되었으며 1차 반응속도식에서 도출된 교반속도별 속도상수들간 증가율 감소를 확인하여, 저속 교반조건(30, 60 rpm)에서도 추가적인 물리적 탈착력이 더해진다면 고속교반조건에서와 같은 제거효율을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 고압공기 분사에 따른 세척효율은 소수성(hydrophobic)의 토양표면 유류물질이 수중의 공기방울 표면에 강하게 부착(attracting)되어 제거됨을 확인하였고 공기압이 높아질수록 반응기내 공기유량이 증가되면서 오염물질의 부착율이 향상되었다. Impeller에 의한 교반과 고압공기 분사 혼합공정에서는 60 rpm, $2\;kg/cm^2$ 조건이 가장 효율적으로 판단되었다. 따라서 고압공기분사를 통한 토양세척기법은 유류오염토양 정화에 효율적 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2006

In-situ Air sparging (IAS) is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants volatilize into air form the saturated to vadose zone. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sludge and soil microbial community structure on air sparging of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated groundwater soils. In the laboratory, diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg) contaminated saturated soil. The Air was injected in intermittent (Q=1500 mL/min, 10 minute injection and 10 minute idle) modes. For Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of eubacterial communities in sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soil of experiment site, the 16S rDNA was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from the sludge and the soil. The obtained 16S rDNA fragments were digested with Msp I and separated by electrophoresis gel. We found various sequence types for experiment with sludge soil samples that were closely related to Agrococcus, Flavobacterium, Thermoanaerobacter, Flexibacter and Shewanella, etc, in the clone library. The results of the present study suggests that T-RFLP method may be applied as a useful tool for the monitoring in the TPH contaminated soil the fate of microorganisms in natural microbial community.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.63-68
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• 2005

In the present paper, the study on the optimal horizontal air jet velocity of a range hood system has been studied by three dimensional numerical simulation. It has been shown that the air jet of a range flood system generates coanda effect confining the contaminated (high temperature) air in a certain region while the jet pushes out more contaminated air into a room as the jet velocity increases. Therefore, the optimal jet velocity has been determined by the combination of the two mechanism.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that may be a significant risk factor for cancer after exposure to contaminated drinking water, cigarettes, foods, industry, occupational environment, and air. Among the various routes of arsenic exposure, drinking water is the largest source of arsenic poisoning worldwide. Arsenic exposure from ingested foods usually comes from food crops grown in arsenic-contaminated soil and/or irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water. According to a recent World Health Organization report, arsenic from contaminated water can be quickly and easily absorbed and depending on its metabolic form, may adversely affect human health. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration regulations for metals found in cosmetics to protect consumers against contaminations deemed deleterious to health; some cosmetics were found to contain a variety of chemicals including heavy metals, which are sometimes used as preservatives. Moreover, developing countries tend to have a growing number of industrial factories that unfortunately, harm the environment, especially in cities where industrial and vehicle emissions, as well as household activities, cause serious air pollution. Air is also an important source of arsenic exposure in areas with industrial activity. The presence of arsenic in airborne particulate matter is considered a risk for certain diseases. Taken together, various potential pathways of arsenic exposure seem to affect humans adversely, and future efforts to reduce arsenic exposure caused by environmental factors should be made.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2003

Biological methods are frequently used for treatment of contaminated air, containing volatile organic compounds and odor compounds in low concentrations and high flow rate of air streams. For more than 20 years. biofilter has been recognized as a cost effective technology for the purification of contaminated air. Most commercial applications before 1990 were for control of odors. In the past decades major progress has been accomplished in the development of vapor phase bioreactor. in particular biotrickling filers. Biotrickling filters are more complex than biofilters. but are usually more effective, especially for the treatment of compounds which are difficult to degrade or compounds that generate acidic by-products. While the level of understanding of biotrickling filtration process for VOCs still remains limited. the evidence success of biotreatment of VOC in air resulted in pursuing active research. This paper presents fundamental and practical aspert of VOCs treatment from air in biotrickling filter. Special emphasis is given to the operating parameters and the factors influencing performance for biotrickling filter.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2010

계면활성제를 이용하여 대수층의 특정층에 존재하는 휘발성 오염물질을 선택적으로 제거할 수 있는 새로운 지하수 폭기기술을 개발하였다. 모래가 충진된 실험설 규모의 물리적 모델을 이용하여 이 폭기기술의 효율성을 검증하였다. 모델의 특정깊이(바닥으로부터 약 22 cm)에 일정한 두께로 존재하는 용해된 상태의 톨루엔 플룸을 제거하는 실험을 실시하였으며, 오염물질이 존재하는 영역의 표면장력을 저감하기 위하여 음이온계 계면활성제인 SDBS(Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate)를 주입하였다. 또한 비교를 위하여 동일한 조건에서 계면활성제가 주입되지 않은 실험도 실시하였다. 오염영역의 하부로부터 공기로서 폭기한 결과, 계면활성제에 의하여 저감된 표면장력의 효과에 의하여 오염영역에 대한 폭기영향권의 크기가 현저히 증가하였으며 그 결과 70%이상의 톨루엔이 제거되었다. 반면 계면활성제가 주입되지 않은 조건에서는 20%이하의 톨루엔만 제거되었다. 이는 계면활성제에 의하여 표면장력이 낮아져 폭기 과정에서 플룸에 대한 공기주입이 매우 효율적으로 이루어졌으며, 따라서 톨루엔을 포함하는 대수층의 지하수가 공기와의 접촉이 보다 용이해졌음을 의미한다. 이 새로운 방법은 휘발성 유기물질로 오염된 대수층을 복원하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.315-318
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of air flow rate and aeration mode on the treatment of bioventing for diesel-contaminated soil. Initial concentrations of diesel-contaminated soils were about 2,500 and 9,000mg/kg. Air flow rates were 30, 60, and 100mL/min, and air was injected in the continuous and the intermittent modes. TPH removal efficiency of intermittent aeration mode was higher than that of continuous aeration mode. Greater air flow rate than the value of guidance book was needed for bioventing.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to calculate the radius of influence (ROI) of well for an air-sparging (AS)/soil vapor extraction (SVE) system and to evaluate the applicability of the system applied for the remediation of the petroleum contaminated rail site. For air permeability test, three monitoring wells were installed at a location of 1.3 m, 2.3 m, 3.0 m from the extraction well. And the pressure of each monitoring well was measured by extracting air from the extraction well with the pressure and flow of $(-)2,600mmH_2O$ and $1.58m^3/min$. The ROI for an extraction well was calculated as 4.31 m. Air was injected into the injection well with the pressure and flow of $3,500mmH_2O$ and $0.6m^3/min$ to estimate the radius of influence for oxygen transfer. Oxygen concentrations of air from three monitoring wells were measured. The ROI of an injection well for oxygen transfer was calculated as 3.46 m. The 28 extraction wells and 19 injection wells were installed according to the ROI calculated. The AS/SVE system was operated eight hours a day for five months. The rail site was contaminated with the petroleum and concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylene were over the 'Worrisome Standard' of the 'Soil Environment Conservation Act'. The contaminated area was estimated as $732m^2$ and contaminants were dispersed up to (-)3 m from the ground. During the operation period, soil samples were collected from 5 points and analyzed periodically. With the AS/SVE system operation, concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylene were decreased from 7.5 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg, from 32.0 mg/kg to 23.0 mg/kg, from 35.5 mg/kg to 23.0 mg/kg, respectively. The combined AS/SVE system applied to the rail site contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhibited a high applicability. But the concentration of contaminants in soil were fluctuated due to the heterogeneous of soil condition. Also the effect of the remediation mechanisms was not clearly identified.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2010

Roadside measurement of ultrafine particles, black carbon, and NOx was carried out to investigate air pollution at a junction area contaminated with vehicle emissions in Seoul from March 19 to 23, 2007. Diurnal variation of ultrafine particles, black carbon, and $NO_x$ concentrations at a roadside showed minimum at around 2-4 a.m. and two peak modes during the morning and evening rush hours. Since these pollutants might be mainly emitted from vehicles, the roadside was highly contaminated with vehicles.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aquatic plant as a botanical air purification on the indoor air pollution by formaldehyde. Three aquatic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes, Cyperus alternifolius, Echinodorus cordifolius, were selected for this study and they were placed in the artificially contaminated chamber under laboratory condition. The results showed that all three plants could remove the formaldehyde from the contaminated air system effectively. Reduction in the formaldehyde levels by Eichhornia crassipes, which is the floating plant, might be associated with the factors of plant and water. Reduction in the formaldehyde levels by Cyperus helferi and Echinodorus cordifolius, which were emergent plant, was due to the complex effect of plant, soil medium and water. In aquatic plant system, dissolution, microbial degradation in rhizosphere, uptake through root and shoot, sorption to soil and shoot, hydrolysis are known as the main mechanisms of water soluble pollutants in the given system. The advantages of indoor air quality control system using aquatic plants can be; 1) various purifying mechanisms than foliage plants, 2) effective for decontamination of water soluble pollutants; 3) easy for maintenance; 4) diverse application potential. Therefore it was suggested from the results that indoor air control system of aquatic plants should be more effective for reduction of indoor air pollutants.