• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

Oil contamination soil has been one of the most environmental social issues for decades in the inside and outside of country. The law of soil environmental preservation was carried out in the 1990s and the government controlled not only soil environment management and the remediation of contaminated soil but also promoted the development of remedial technology and cleanup business of contaminated soil by national policy. In addition to agriculture areas, the main oil contaminated sites are a gas station, oil reservoir, petro-chemical complex, site of railway carriage base and military camp. The contamination-frequency of agriculture area and effect sites are low but it has significantly important area on account of producing food for human beings. Therefore, we should be concerned about oil contamination damage of agriculture area. The oil contamination damage of agriculture area influenced drop of birth and breeding since the oil directly adheres to seeds and farm products even diffusion of contaminated soil to cultivation area. The studies of the crops and the food vegetation has not enough detailed data caused by the incident of oil contamination. This study investigated the effect of oil in germination and growth of selected plant seeds. In this study, we try to verify whether the oil contamination by accidents on farmland influenced the damage of farm produce and the mutual relation both oil contaminated soil or the vegetation of crops. The impact of oil on plant development was followed by phytotoxicity assessments. The plants exhibited visual symptoms of stress, growth reduction and perturbations in developmental parameters. The increase of the degree of pollution induced more marked effects in plants, likely because of the physical effects of oil. The relationships between the phytotoxicity contents of plants and growth reduction suggest a chemical toxicity of fuel oil. In addition, while cleaned up the contaminated soil under the standard of contaminated soil we examined it was suitable for region standard and it may have practical possibility for fill material of construction of afforestation and molding soil of landfill.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

The experimental studies for remediation of diesel contaminated soils were performed using subcritical water in laboratory scale. Contaminated soils from industrial area and artificially contaminated soils were utilized for soil remediation. Experimental system was composed for subcritical water to flow upward through the soil packed column for extracting contaminants. 10 g of contaminated soil was packed into the column and water flow rate was 2 mL/min. To evaluate the effects of temperature, pressure and treatment time on the removal efficiency, temperature was changed from 100$^{\circ}C$ to 350$^{\circ}C$, pressure from 50 bar to 220 bar and treatment time at the predetermined temperature from 0 min to 120 min. The purification efficiency increased as temperature increased. However, the effect of pressure and treatment time was low. Temperature 250$^{\circ}C$, pressure 50 bar and treatment time 30 min were selected for optimal operating condition for this study.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.373-381
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• 2005

The permeability of contaminated soil and elapsed time are important considering factors to in-situ soil remadiation. Gabr et. al. (1996) derived the solution equation of contaminant concentration ratio as initial one (C/$C_0$) with time and spatial changes in contaminated area which embedded with vertical drains. The contaminant concentration ratio (C/$C_0$) is analyzed with time and spatial changes in three different permeability areas which are $k=l.0{\times}10^{-5,}$ $l.0{\times}l0^{-6,}$ $l.0{\times}l0^{-7}\;_{m/s}$ by using the Gabr's equation. Results from numerical analysis indicate that the ratio (C/$C_0$) decreases as the elapsed time increases in every point, however, remediation efficiency decreases as the analyzing point is far from injection well to extraction one and is deeper from top level of contaminated area. And also it decreases as the permeability of contaminated area decreases. Especially, the lower permeability of contaminated area effects directly on the soil remediation, in this research, under condition which the permeability of contaminated area is $l.0{\times}l0^{-7}\;_{m/s}$, the maximum time needed to attain 90% clean up level ($t_{90}$) is 65,690 hours(7.5 years), it takes so much time to clean the low permeability contaminated soil.

• 기술사
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2008

Recently, the serious problems have been occurred due to the contaminated sites with heavy metals are increasing. There are several remediation technologies of the metal contaminated soil such as physical separation, washing with water or acid, biologically, electrically. Pytoremediation, ultrasonic etc. Among these technologies the physical separation can be put in a good option to solve the metal contaminated soil economically and environmental friendly. Because this technology has been already commercially certificated in the mineral processing field for a long time.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

To test the potential effects of extracellular electron shuttles (EES) on the rate and extent of heavy metal release from contaminated soils during microbial iron reduction, we created anaerobic batch systems with anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as a surrogate of EES, and with contaminated soils as mixed iron (hydr)oxides and microbial sources. Two types of soils were tested: Zn-contaminated soil A and As/Pb-contaminated soil B. In soil A, the rate of iron reduction was fastest in the presence of AQDS and > 3500 mg/L of total Fe(II) was produced within 2 d. This suggests that indigenous microorganisms can utilize AQDS as EES to stimulate iron reduction. In the incubations with soil B, the rate and extent of iron reduction did not increase in the presence of AQDS likely because of the low pH (< 5.5). In addition, less than 2000 mg/L of total Fe(II) was produced in soil B within 52 d suggesting that iron reduction by subsurface microorganisms in soil B was not as effective as that in soil A. Relatively high amount of As (~500 mg/L) was released to the aqueous phase during microbial iron reduction in soil B. The release of As might be due to the reduction of As-associated iron (hydr)oxides and/or direct enzymatic reduction of As(V) to As(III) by As-reducing microorganisms. However, given that Pb in liquid phase was < 0.3 mg/L for the entire experiment, the microbial reduction As(V) to As(III) by As-reducing microorganisms has most likely occurred in this system. This study suggests that heavy metal release from contaminated soils can be strongly controlled by subsurface microorganisms, soil pH, presence of EES, and/or nature of heavy metals.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1996

본 연구는 염소화페놀 오염토양을 효과적으로 정화할 수 있는 bioremediation기술 개발을 위하여 자연계로부터 염소화 페놀화합물 분해 미생물을 탐색하고, 토양중의 pentachlorophenol(PCP, 오염소화 페놀)에 대한 분석기술을 확립하였으며, 토양에서 분리한 10 종의 PCP 분해균주들에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 전국 각지에서 채집한 15개의 토양시료를 분석한 결과 인천공단부근의 1 site에서 50-100$mu\textrm{g}$/g wet soil의 PCP가 검출되었다. 토양시료에서 분리한 우량균주들에 대한 PCP 분해능과 균체성장을 조사하였을 때,500-1,000mg/ι의 PCP 분해에 소요되는 시간과 분해정도는 균주에 따라 변화하였으며, Bul 균주의 경우 90%의 PCP감소에 216시간이 소요되었다 특히, Bu34 균주는 4,000mg/ι의 PCP를 분해하는 초강력세균으로 Pseudomonas putida Bu34로 동정되었다. 이와 같이 PCP오염현장에서 분리된 우수한 균주는 PCP오염지의 bioremediation에 매우 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2007

디젤 오염 토양 정화를 위해 식물과 미생물의 상호관계를 활용하는 생물복원에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 디젤을 분해하는 근권 세균인 Rhodococcus sp. 412와 디젤에 내성을 가지고 있는 식물인 옥수수(Zea mays)를 이용하여 디젤로 오염되어진 토양의 디젤 제거능과 미생물 군집변화를 조사하였다. 실험 개시 30일 후, 디젤 오염 토양에서 Rhodococcus sp. 412를 접종한 토양의 옥수수의 성장이 412균주를 접종하지 않은 토양에서의 옥수수 성장보다 약간 우수하였다. 또한 식물을 식재하거나 412균주를 접종한 토양에서 존재하는 토양에서 디젤의 잔류농도도 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 디젤 오염 토양 정화를 위해 옥수수와 Rhodococcus sp. 412를 동시에 활용하는 것이 유리함을 의미한다. 토양세균 군집 변화를 16S rDNA-PCR과 DGGE(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 비오염 토양 시료와 디젤 오염토양 시료의 DGGE fingerprint의 유사도는 $20.8{\sim}39.3%$이었다. 또한, 비오염 토양 시료 사이의 DGGE fingerprint의 유사도는 $21.9{\sim}53.6%$, 그리고 디젤 오염 토양 시료 사이의 유사도는 $31.6{\sim}50.0%$이었다. 이러한 결과는 디젤 오염으로 인해 토양 세균 군집구조가 영향을 받았음을 시사한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2022

본 연구는 비소오염토양에 볏짚퇴비 시용량 증대가 토양의 화학성, 벼의 생육 특성 그리고 식물체의 비소함량에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 비소오염토양 중 볏짚퇴비 시용량이 증가하면서 벼 생육단계(분얼기, 출수기 및 수확기) 모두에서 지상부 비소함량 및 축적량은 감소되었다. 결과적으로 비소오염토양에 볏짚퇴비의 시용에 따른 토양교질 내의 다양한 음전하가 증가되고, 이로 인하여 비소의 흡착능력이 향상됨으로써 토양에서 벼 식물체로의 흡수 및 축적량을 감소시키는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 비소오염토양에 볏짚퇴비의 시용은 벼 지상부로의 비소흡수·축적을 감소시키는 하나의 요인이 될 수 있으며, 안전한 농산물 및 가축의 조사료 생산을 위한 벼 재배관리에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2015

Batch experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of a surfactant-enhanced soil washing process for soils heavily contaminated with crude oil in Kuwait. TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was 223,754 mg/kg, sampled from the bottom of a vaporized oil extraction pond in the Burgan reservoir field. Commercialized eight nonionic surfactants (Tween and Tergitol series) were used to measure the aqueous solubility for the crude oil. Among them, two Tergitol surfactants were used to evaluate the TPH removal efficiency of the surfactant-enhanced soil washing for heavily contaminated Kuwait soil. The solubility of the crude oil in surfactant solution was in the order Tergitol 15-S-7 > Tergitol 15-S-9 > Tergitol 15-S-12 > Tween-80 > Tween-20 > Tween-60, which showed that the crude oil solubilities of the Tergitol series were higher than those of the Tween series. The TPH removal efficiencies of 2% and 5% Tergitol 15-S-9 solution were 59% and 65%, respectively. Because the residual TPH concentration in the washed soil was still higher than the clean-up level (10,000 mg/kg), the soil washing process was repeated five times. After the fifth washing, the residual TPH concentration in the soil went down to 7,680 mg/kg and its removal efficiency was 97%.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.37-40
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• 2006

The batch tests were performed to determine the ratio of hydrogen peroxide on diesel contaminated soil. The objective of test was to determine and optimize the hydrogen peroxide requirements for the remediation of a soil contaminated with diesel fuel. The batch test were done on 5g diesel contaminated soil containing hydrogen peroxide (34.5%). Initial diesel concentration were 2,000mg/kg, 5,000mg/kg, and 10,000mg/kg. The $Diesel(g):H_2O_2(g)$ ratio varied 1:1, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, with contact reaction time 120 min. Results the batch test, effective ratio of $Diesel(g):H_2O_2(g)$ is 1:100.