• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

In optimum design of packaging container for bulk materials, minimum board area, compression performance and distribution efficiency must be considered. In this study, mathematical models for minimum board area (RMA), compression strength (CS) and maximum compression strength per unit board area (MCSA) of container as algorithm for optimum design of packaging conatiner for bulk materials were developed as follows : RMA=f(V,D), ${\alpha}_{RMA}=f(V,D)$, MCSA=f(V,D), and ${\alpha}_{MCSA}=f(V,D)$. In order to develop these models, compression test according to various dimensions of container and response surface analysis for minimum board area, compression strength, and maximum compression strength per unit board area of container were carried out. In developed models, volume and depth of container were principal independent variables. Through the verified results for these models, optimum design of packaging container on the design conditions and limit conditions was possible. These models might be used in developing optimum design software of packaging container for bulk materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Port Economic Association Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.211-233
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze traffic volume between the Korean container ports located at the west coast and northern Chinese ports and then the distribution trend of container between Korea and China. The findings of the study are as follows. First, Container traffic between western Korean ports and northern Chinese ports has been increasing due to an increasing trade volume between both countries and geographical accessibility. Second, Seoul and neighboring area tend to use the trade route between the western ports and northern Chinese because of lower logistics costs and time-saved advantage compared to another ports. Third, the growth of the western ports did depend mainly on the northern China oriented growth. Such a fact could leads to the overlapping investment in port development in Korea and another intense competition among national ports to attract cargoes and liners. Therefore, port development policy considering the characteristics and function of national ports have to be established. and also alternatives and strategies for improving the competitive edge of small and medium sized shipping lines against the opening of shipping market have to be worked out.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2018

The port industry is an important national industry which significantly affects Korea's imports and exports which are centered on economic structure. For instance, the Port of Busan, which handles 75% of domestic container freight volume, is expected to become increasingly critical for container liner routes. For this reason, there have been continued efforts to expand freight service to attract international freight volume. This study analyzes the structural characteristics of the port network connected to the Port of Busan by analyzing the pattern of the container liner route from 2012 to 2016 by using social network analysis. According to the Port of Busan's liner route network, the port with the highest degree of centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality was found to be the Port of Singapore. The comparison of Busan's annual container handling rank by countries and the port center network analysis of Port of Busan rank was found to be different. As a result, it was established that China's East Port, which occupies a high percentage of the volume of cargo handled by Port of Busan, is not a hub port of Busan when viewed on the Busan's container terminal liner network. In addition, even if the number of Port of Busan container liner service increases, it is estimated that the vessels to be added to the fleet will be limited to small to medium sized, or that Busan port has characteristic of a feeder port for the Port of Singapore, according to the network.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.55-74
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• 2021

The role of container ports contributes greatly to international trade and national or regional economic development by supporting maritime transportation and occupies a central position in the supply chain connecting sea and land. The performance(traffic volume) of a port generally depends on geographic, economic, and operational factors etc. For the past several decades, container port volumes have grown with fluctuation. This study amis to analyze how global ports have undergone changes in terms of cargo volume by region, size and period. For the analysis, only the volumes of global top 100 ports were used. Shift-share analysis and BCG matrix analysis were employed as methodologies. According to the result of the analysis, the relative volatility of port traffic over the past 16 years as a whole was found to be limited. On the other hand, ports in China and Southeast and Southwest Asia, which are economically growing for the last decades, showed growing trends, while ports in Northeast Asia and Europe appeared to be in a stagnant or declining phase. It also shows that most of the global ports maintain limited changes in cargo volume because they are already positioned as central ports in the region. In addition, it can be seen that the global port volume has a close relationship with the change in the economic capability of the relevant region or country.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.895-904
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• 2012

Today, the competition for hub-port is getting fierce and the shipping liners have enjoyed the increased bargaining power over the terminal operators through the mergers & acquisitions (M&A) and strategic alliances. This result leads the competition among terminal operators to attract liner companies and cargoes in their terminals. In demand side, however, there is a limited container cargo volume to handle because of a steady growth of cargo traffic. While, in supply side, continuous development of port terminals increased more competition among ports or terminals for cargoes. In particular the terminal operating market of Busan port is distorted because of the cargo competition between Busan North-port and Newport. The main purpose of this study is to suggest the stabilization measures of container terminal operating market in Busan port through analysis of the terminal operation market structures and market survey analysis method. For stabilizing the container terminal market, this study suggests the improvement of the legal and institutional system such as improvement in determining and reporting system of stevedoring tariff, establishment of fair competition rules etc., the introduction of port pooling system and adoption of volume-linked terminal lease system with cargo volume ceiling system for each terminal operator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

This study is to define the Automated Container Terminal(ACT) and container terminal system. Also, we analyze the present condition of the container terminal system in Pusan port and its automation level by systems approach. And this paper aims at evaluating on the priority of R&D investment until the beginning of the second stage of New Pusan Port Project(2006). In this process we have considered 8 factors (cost, labor, area, time volume, reliability, safety, convenience) to analyze 6 subsystems. The priority order of R&D until target year by sub-systems is as follow : Cargo Handling System〉Transfer System〉Port Entry System〉Storage System(Distribution&Manufacturing System included)〉Inland Transport System〉Port Information System.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-54
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• 1991

In this study, to identify the ineffectiveness of inter-connected system of cargo volume between the Pusan Port and inland areas and also to make more rational suggestions, the following conclusions were drawn by analyzing Container Cargo Traffic from BCTOC to Off-Dock CY: 1. There existed about 30% to 50% reduction in the container transport times when the container transport vehicles were operated during the off-peak period to alleviate the traffic congestion due to mixed traffic. 2. There appeared to be more economic when Off-Dock DY's scattered around the City of Pusan were unified in one ODCY Unit at YangSan, and the Exclusive Overpass Freeway System for the container transport vehicles were constructed and operated on the existing Urban Freeway from BCTOC ti this ODCY Unit (Expected to make about 230 billions Won in net present value by NPV method).

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

Forecasting the daily volume of container is important in many aspects of port operation. In this article, we utilized a machine-learning algorithm based on decision tree to predict future container throughput of Busan port. Accurate volume forecasting improves operational efficiency and service levels by reducing costs and shipowner latency. We showed that our method is capable of accurately and reliably predicting container throughput in short-term(days). Forecasting accuracy was improved by more than 22% over time series methods(ARIMA). We also demonstrated that the current method is assumption-free and not prone to human bias. We expect that such method could be useful in a broad range of fields.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2010

This paper analyses the relative efficiency of 13 container terminals based on the data for the period 2003-8 to offer a fresh perspective. There has been abundant empirical research undertaken on the technical efficiency of Busan and Gwangyang port. Most studies have focused on the use of parametric and non-parametric techniques to analyse overall technical efficiency. Here, the framework assumes that terminals use two input to produce one output; the former includes container yard and container crane and the latter container volume. Jarque-Bera indicates that three variables are not normally distributed and the positive skewness shows that all the variables have long right tails. This means there are many small-scaled container terminals. This paper also employs heteroscedastic Tobit model to show the effect of the explanatory variables on the container terminal efficiencies. The Tobit model shows that both container yard and container cranes have positive effect on the container terminal efficiency, but container yard has a higher impact on the efficiency than the container crane.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

Vietnam is one of Asia's fastest developing economies. A long coastline of nearly 3,500 km provides a comparative advantage for Vietnam in developing a seaport system. Despite accounting for only about 30% of Vietnam's traffic volume, the Northern seaports have rapidly developed over the years. However, the location of the container terminals close to the common hinterland are a cause of fierce competition among container terminals. To outperform rivals and improve competitiveness, it is essential to identify the competitive positions of container terminals. This study analyzes the competitive positioning of container terminals in the northern region of Vietnam between 2005 and 2014 by applying the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix in order to assist terminal operators and policy makers to generate strategic planning as well as to improve priorities for development. Otherwise, the period from 2005-2014 aims to clarify the static and dynamic positioning of container terminals. The results demonstrate that the Hai Phong terminal dominates the market, but the Nam Hai Dinh Vu and Dinh Vu terminals are considered as "star" performers. Quang Ninh, Doan Xa, and Transvina are losing their competitive positions in Northern Vietnam.