• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1096-1110
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• 2014

Whipping/springing research started in the 50'ies. In the 60'ies inland water vessels design rules became stricter due to whipping/springing. The research during the 70-90'ies may be regarded as academic. In 2000 a large ore carrier was strengthened due to severe cracking from North Atlantic operation, and whipping/springing contributed to half of the fatigue damage. Measurement campaigns on blunt and slender vessels were initiated. A few blunt ships were designed to account for whipping/springing. Based on the measurements, the focus shifted from fatigue to extreme loading. In 2005 model tests of a 4,400 TEU container vessel included extreme whipping scenarios. In 2007 the 4400 TEU vessel MSC Napoli broke in two under similar conditions. In 2009 model tests of an 8,600 TEU container vessel container vessel included extreme whipping scenarios. In 2013 the 8,100 TEU vessel MOL COMFORT broke in two under similar conditions. Several classification societies have published voluntary guidelines, which have been used to include whipping/springing in the design of several container vessels. This paper covers results from model tests and full scale measurements used as background for the DNV Legacy guideline. Uncertainties are discussed and recommendations are given in order to obtain useful data. Whipping/springing is no longer academic.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2009

The main activities of container terminals are to load container freights to vessels, discharge them from vessels, and store them in the storage yard. Container terminals make many operational plans to execute these functions effectively. If the plans do not consider enough the loads of related resources, they may have low actualities. This study discusses the optimal yard planning model which considers various resources, such as the storage yard, yard cranes, internal vehicles, and travel lanes, in container terminals. The model determines the groups and amounts of containers which are stored in each storage block by using the resource profile. The yard planning problem is represented to the multi-commodity minimal cost flow problem and is formulated to the linear programming model. In order to explain the application of the mathematical model, the numerical examples are presented. Additionally, the relationship between the average load ratio and the relocation ratio is discussed.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.27-29
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• 2017

Container terminals in Northern Vietnam have recorded an impressive development in recent years. This development, however, also raises a fierce competition among local container terminals to attract customers. Beside the handling charges, the vessels' waiting cost is also an important factor that drive the opinion of users in choosing appropriate terminal. This research plans to estimate the waiting cost in different container terminals in Northern Vietnam by building regression equation that describe the relationship between the rate of throughput/capacity and waiting cost/TEU. Queuing theory with the application of Poisson distibution is used to estimate the waiting time of arrival vessels and uncertainty theory is applied to estimate the vessel's daily expenses. Previous studies suggested two different formation of the equation and according to the research results, cubic equation is more suitable in the given case. The research results are also useful for further research which require calculation of waiting cost per TEU in each container terminal in Northern Vietnam.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권4D호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2010

선박의 항구 내 재항시간은 대상항구의 운영상태 파악 및 장래 규모 산정을 위해 중요한 요인이다. 재항시간을 분석하기 위해 다양한 연구들이 시도되어 왔으나 선박의 재항시간에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 효과를 통계적 분석을 통해 추정한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 특히 선박의 항구 내 재항시간은 항구 내에서 발생하는 대기오염물질 및 온실가스 배출량과 직접적인 영향이 있는 바 본 연구에서는 2008년 부산항에 입항한 외항선박(19,167척)의 재항시간을 모수적 생존분석 기법을 통해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 로그-정규 가속화시간(AFT: accelerated failure time)모형과 로그-로지스틱 AFT모형이 추정되었으며, 추정결과 재항시간은 부두의 서비스 용량, 선박의 총중량, 선박의 종류에 유의한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다(${\alpha}$=0.05). 추정된 재항시간, 선박별 운항시간, 연료소비량 추정치를 이용하여 선박종류별 온실가스 배출량을 산정하였으며, 그 결과 2008년 부산항에 양적하 및 여객수송 목적으로 입항한 선박의 61%를 차지하는 풀컨테이너선의 부산항계 내 온실가스 배출량은 약 "17톤/회",로 나타났다. 그러나 2008년 부산항 입항선박의 약 20%를 차지하는 컨테이너선 외 화물운송선박의 정박 시 온실가스 배출량(톤/회)은 풀컨테이너선의 온실가스 배출량(톤/회)보다 크게 나타나, 해당 선박이 취급하는 화물의 양적하 시간 및 접안대기시간을 감소시킬 수 있는 물류 처리 기술 및 항만운영 정책 도입이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.228-229
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• 2018

선박의 대형화와 더불어 증가하는 컨테이너 물동량을 처리하기 위해 부산항은 글로벌 인프라를 조성, 신설 부두 추진, 항만의 개발 등 다양한 시각으로 노력하고 있다. 부산항이 향후 대형 선박 접안에 대비하여 인프라를 갖출 수 있다면 20,000TEU 이상 선박의 작업도 가능할 것이며, Megamax 시대의 중심 항만으로 성장할 수 있을 것이다. 하지만, 대형 선박 접안시 많은 선석과 장비, 작업시간이 필요하기 때문에 선박의 체선문제가 발생할 수 밖에 없다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션을 통해 대형선박 접안이 컨테이너 터미널 체선에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2008년도 특별논문집
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• pp.29-32
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• 2008

Hinged cross bar which is fitted for buyer's special item in cell guide of container vessels has an advantage of efficiency on container loading. In this paper, the main focus is to confirm the structural adequacy of hinged cross bar supporting structure in cell guide under the considered loading condition for container vessel.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2001

This paper describes the simulation study which estimates the container crane efficiency in container terminal. In most simulation studies, it is assumed that container cranes are available at any time. Though the failures of container cranes don't occur often, they are very serious problems on terminal efficiency. As usual, the failures of container crane cause arrived ships to delay the departure time. In this study, a queueing simulation model for container terminal, which focuses on the failures of container cranes, is designed. The simulation approach appears to be the most appropriate one because it allows to avoid the usual exponential assumption on interarrivals of ships and service times of container cranes. Using the developed model, we tested the efficiency of container cranes considering failures with a real system size and performed the simulation experiment on real container terminal to validate the developed simulation model. The results of simulation experiment were analyzed using output statistics, which include the waiting times of vessels and yard tractors, the utilization for container cranes, and the berth occupancy rates.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2009

컨테이너 터미널의 핵심 기능은 컨테이너 화물을 선반에 싣고 내기는 것이다. 이러한 기능에 대한 생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 보유한 자원을 효과적으로 사용해야 하는데, 본 연구는 RMGC (rail mounted gantry crane) 유형 야드 크레인의 배치 방안에 대해서 논한다. 먼저, 컨테이너 터미널의 장치계획을 고려한 야드 크레인 배치 문제에 대한 수리모형을 개발한다. 수리 모형은 한 기간 내에서 블록간 야드 크레인의 이동 허용여부에 따라서 2가지로 나누어진다. 제시한 모형을 검증하기 위하여 수치 예제를 풀어서 결과를 분석한다. 또한 장치계획만을 다루는 기존 모형과의 성능 차이를 분석하기 위한 비교 실험을 수행한다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2022

Purpose - The primary purpose of this study is to verify whether the target set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for reducing carbon emissions from ships can be achieved by quantitatively analyzing the trends in technological advances of fuel oil consumption in the container shipping market. To achieve this purpose, several scenarios are designed considering various options such as eco-friendly fuels, low-speed operation, and the growth in ship size. Design/methodology - The vessel size and speed used in prior studies are utilized to estimate the fuel oil consumption of container ships and the pace of technological progress and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulations are added. A database of 5,260 container ships, as of 2019, is used for multiple linear regression and quantile regression analyses. Findings - The fuel oil consumption of vessels is predominantly affected by their speed, followed by their size, and the annual technological progress is estimated to be 0.57%. As the quantile increases, the influence of ship size and pace of technological progress increases, while the influence of speed and coefficient of EEDI variables decreases. Originality/value - The conservative estimation of carbon emission drawn by a quantitative analysis of the technological progress concerning the fuel efficiency of container vessels shows that it is not possible to achieve IMO targets. Therefore, innovative efforts beyond the current scope of technological progress are required.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1989

Container선의 선미부 선형 설계에 있어서 pram의 wideness를 증가시킴에 따라 발생될 수 있는 여러 사항을 조사하였다. $KM_T$의 증가로 인한 정수중의 복원력 향상 및 상갑판위에 화물적재의 양을 늘일 수 있다는 점과 더불어 항해중 복원성능의 변화, 선체변동압력의 증대, 저항추진성능에 미치는 영향 그리고 선체구조 측면에서의 고려사항등을 검토하였다.