• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

In this study, the focus is on the issue of whether a container terminal is facing the limitation of its productivity for serving mega-vessels with numerous containers. In order to enhance the terminal operations, a new conceptual design of the container handling system have been proposed. This research focuses on the rail-based container transport system and its operations. This system consists of rail-based shuttle cranes and rail-based transporters called flatcars. The deadlock problem for managing automated transporters in container terminals has been an important issue for a long measurement of time. Therefore, this study defines the deadlock situation and proposes its avoidance rules at the rail-based container transport system, which is required to handle numerous container throughput operations. The deadlock in the rail-based container transport system is classified into two parts: deadlock between cranes and flatcars; deadlock between flatcars. We developed the simulation model for use with characterizing and analyzing the rail-based container transport system. By running the simulation, we derived possible deadlock situations, and propose the several deadlock avoidance algorithms to provide results for these identified situations. In the simulation experiments, the performances of the deadlock avoidance algorithms are compared according to the frequency of deadlocks as noted in the simulations.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2010

A container terminal productivity is maximized by a minimized time for processing containers. So, we have been elevated the container terminal productivity through an improvement of computing system, but there are a limitation because of problems for transportation management and method. A Y/T(Yard Tractor), which is a representative transportation, is able to do only one process, loading or unloading, at one time. So if the Y/T can do loading and unloading step by step at a same time, the processing time would be shortened. In this paper, we proposed an effective operating process of Y/T(Yard Tractor) Multi-Cycle System by applying RTLS(Real Time Location System) to Y/T(Yard Tractor) in order to improve the process of loading and unloading at the container terminal. For this, we described Multi-Cycle System. This system consists of a real time location of Y/T based on RTLS, an indicating of Y/T location in real time with GIS technology, and an algorithm(Dijkstra's algorithm) of the shortest distance. And we used the system in container terminal process and could improve the container terminal productivity. As the result of simulation for the proposed system in this paper, we could verify that 9% of driving distance was reduced compared with the existing rate and 19% of driving distance was reduced compared with the maximum rate. Consequently, we could find out the container performance is maximized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2020

There is a possibility of failure as a result of field application in the planning and execution process to change the operating policy for operating terminals, so a lot of time and effort are required to reduce trial and error. In the planning stage to change the terminal operation policy, simulation technology can be used to support decision making. This study introduces a case of using a virtual terminal system among simulation technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.309-313
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• 1998

Delay time of receiving and delivery is one of important factors that should be considered in the evaluation of the customer service level of a container terminal. In this study, dispatching rules are tested with the objective of minimizing the service delay time for arriving outside trucks. A dynamic programming model is suggested for a static dispatching problem in which all the truck arrivals are known in advance. In order to overcome the excessive computational time of the dynamic programming technique, several heuristic rules are suggested that can be applied in practices. A simulation study is carried out to test the performances of the heuristic rules.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Domestic harbor yard storage facilities are a place specifically located in a container terminal for import and export of packaged dangerous goods, and due to the recent relaxed criteria for the secured open area, concerns for the extended damage upon accidents are increasing. In this study, the impact of damages by radiant heat was analyzed through a simulation of a pool fire caused by the leakage of flammable liquids from a tank container. As a result, it was analyzed that the distance of radiant heat according to threshold damage levels was beyond the current criteria of the secured open area, and the structural damage of adjacent containers could happen within a very short time if they were exposed to the early pool fire continuously. It is considered that this study will be helpful in preparing the proper criteria for the secured open area between yard storage facilities in a container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.335-336
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• 2007

This paper propose a heuristic method that divides the block into some work regions to operate stacking cranes efficiently in a automated container terminal where the blocks with non-crossing stacking cranes(SC) are laid out in perpendicular to the quay. Typically, fund over between SCS and trucks occur at each side if the blocks, and each if the landside and seaside SCS is responsible for the jobs that occur at its own side. When a container to be fetched is located far from fund over point, the SC should move a long distance and the interference between the two cranes am occur, which decreases the productivity of the SCS. Therefore, our method divides the block into two exclusive and one shared regions and let the containers located far from their fund over points to be transferred to the shared region by the other side crane before they are carried out. Although simple this method am reduce the crane movement and the interference between the two cranes. Simulation experiment shows that our proposed method significantly improves the productivity if the container terminal than previous heuristic that does not divide work regions.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.278-281
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• 2008

Linear motor (LM) based shuttle cars will play an important role in the future transportation systems of marine terminals to cope with increasing container flows. These systems are known as agile port terminals because of their significant advantages. However, routing for multiple shuttle cars is still an open issue. We present a network model of a container yard and propose constrained dynamic programming (DP) for its routing strategy with collision avoidance. The algorithm is a modified version of typical DP which is used to find an optimal path for a single traveler. We evaluate the new algorithm through simulation results for three shuttle cars in a mesh-type container yard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2011

The problem of automated stacking cranes (ASC) dispatching in container terminals is addressed in this paper. We propose a heuristic-based ASC dispatching approach which adopts multi-criteria decision strategy. By aggregating different criteria the proposed strategy can consider multiple aspects of the dispatching situation and make robust decision in various situations. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is adopted to tune the weights associated to each criteria to minimize both the quay crane delay and external truck delay. The proposed approach is validated by comparison with different dispatching heuristics and simulation results obtained confirms its effectiveness.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-65
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• 2006

These days, the number of automated container terminals is increasing to encourage the productivity of the container terminal inside and outside of the country. So far, there have been a lot of researches on the operating one type of equipments in a container terminal. However, there is still room for further improvement as none of equipment works itself but cooperate each other to finish a job, which means synchronization among the equipments is necessary. Among lots of equipments in a terminal, this paper concerns with the operation of ATCs (Automated Transfer Crane) and YTs (Yard Truck). The purpose of this paper is to find the efficient heuristic methods for operating ATCs and YTs that can set up a schedule in a real time. Moreover, using simulation this paper shows the efficient stacking strategy to decide the location of containers to be put and the proper selection range of YTs.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.547-553
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quay crane productivity in automated container terminal with perpendicular yard layout. In particular, four quay crane (single trolley/dual trolley/double trolley/supertainer) are considered to evaluate the productivity on the terminal performance. Each quay crane load or unload containers by a different process. For each quay crane, two productivities are considered and compared: mechanical productivity, net productivity. As the net productivity of quay crane is significant, in this paper, an application of simulation model to simulate automated container terminal is developed and a wide variety of computational experiments were conducted.