• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2023

In North Korea, the production of courage tombs continues, and it is known that the activity rate is higher than that of old tombs. However, pot seedling are planted using hoes and shovels used for planting old tombs with exposed roots and low activity rates. This is believed to result in excessive force when stepping on the container grave with a hoe in the planting process, resulting in the collapse of the container grave or the waste of labor due to the creation of unnecessary planting holes. Therefore, when planting courage graves at North Korean afforestation sites, it is necessary to improve the work of making planting holes using general hoes in a way that improves labor productivity in a more efficient manner. As part of inter-Korean technical cooperation to improve the North Korean afforestation method, this study was conducted with the aim of developing efficient container seedlings and using them for North Korean forest restoration projects. It is believed that developing planting equipment exclusively for container graves for forest restoration in North Korea in South Korea and providing equipment and production technology to North Korea can contribute to the development of forest restoration technology in North Korea. If the Yonggeomyo Development Planting Equipment is provided to North Korea, it will be a realistic inter-Korean forest cooperation project to avoid international sanctions by recognizing the excellence of the development products by directly using its own materials through technical cooperation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.719-722
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• 2005

This study is to find the effective way to green perpendicular wall spaces as soon as possible and to get basic data for activating the perpendicular greening on high story building through the experiment of container-type planting ground in which lightened artificial soil mixed with rock wool was put. Comparative studies of the sizes of containers and soil were carried out but separate management was not performed. Four plants(Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Lonicera japonica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata) which have the capability to cover and screen perpendicular spaces were used in the experiment. In result, a container must be equipped with over 15cm depth soil mixed with less than $30\%$ of rock wool.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Enlargement of street tree planting area is the proper and effective solution to reduce carbon dioxide. This solution bases on the ability of carbon storage and uptake by tree metabolism. However, the circumstance of road side has fatal disadvantages in tree metabolism such as growth and maturity because cutting and filling of roadsides cause unnatural soil composition. In this point, early rootage of street tree is the main factor of reducing carbon dioxide. This study aimed to find a appropriate transplantation planting method for sound and rapid rootage of street tree. For the study, Korean Mountain Ash(Sorbus alnifolia) were used for experimental groups. The groups were categorized by three groups such as trees produced on container with mulching treatment, trees produced in outdoor with mulching treatment, trees produced on container with weeding treatment. Each group consisted 10 trees with same size and transplanted in experimental site. Five months after transplanting, each group was estimated the biomass and carbon storage through a direct harvesting method. According to results of the study, the carbon storage of trees produced on container with mulching treatment is 42% more than trees produced in outdoor with mulching treatment. And the carbon storage of trees produced on container with mulching treatment is 19.5% more than trees produced on container with weeding treatment. These results may imply that transplantation of container produced tree with mulching treatment is the most rapid rootage among other groups. The weeding treatment is more effective than mulching treatment for rapid rootage of street trees.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

In order to evaluate the effect of various organic soil conditioner ratios on the soil moisture content and growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis, a container type for wall-planting experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk University under non-irrigation. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios ($A_1L_0$, $A_8L_1$, $A_4L_1$ $A_2L_1$ and $A_1L_1$), and a drought-tolerant ornamental variety of Cotoneaster horizontalis was planted. The change in soil moisture content, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leaves, number of leaves, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll content, and survival rate were investigated, from April to Jun 2010. The results of soil moisture content measurements were analyzed with weight units in the container type for wall-planting during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container type for wall-planting in increasing order as the amount of soil conditioner level was increased ($A_1L_1$ > $A_2L_1$ > $A_4L_1$ > $A_8L_1$ > $A_1L_0$). Compared to the control treatment application (amended soil with 100% + organic soil conditioner 0%), the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of $A_1L_1$ application (amended soil with 50% + organic soil conditioner 50%). However, the differences between the organic soil conditioner ratio treatments of $A_1L_1$, $A_4L_1$, and $A_8L_1$ organic soil conditioner application were mostly not significant. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic soil conditioner, but in the control treatment application all the plants died. The experimental results from clearly demonstrated that the organic soil conditioner improved the survival rate more than the growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis. Therefore, Cotoneaster horizontalis is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for green wall systems, when considered for us in integration system or for increasing soil water contents in planting grounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.29-39
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• 2011

This study aimed to select evergreen broad-leaved trees (EBT) that can be produced and planted in Korea by analyzing the current use of the trees for landscaping in the Kyushu area of Japan, a warm temperate region. The results revealed the total production of EBT was higher than that of conifers and due to the suitable growth environment of the area and the subsequent high demand for them. The landscape tree production methods in Japan were divided into container nursery and outdoor nursery, and the uses and species of the trees varied depending on the method; a variety of native species were produced in container nursery rather than in outdoor nursery, whereas trees used as ornamental, gardening, and shade plants were produced in outdoor nursery rather than in container nursery. The results also showed that in Fukuoka, a major city in Kyushu that is adjacent to Korea, the planting rate of EBT, used as ornamental, gardening, and shade plants, was higher than that of deciduous broad-leaved trees and conifers. In the city, the planting rate of Cinnamomum camphora was the highest, Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Ilex rotunda, Quercus glauca, Camellia sasanqua, Eurya emarginata, Pittosporum tobira, Raphiolepis indica var. umbellata, Hedera rhombea, Kadsura japonica, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. asiaticum. These species were verified in Kyushu area for their application as landscape trees and are expected to serve as landscape trees in Korea if the planting areas of them are expanded by global warming, urban heat island and regional microclimate.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

This research was performed to activate various new technology for indoor container, and attempt to a desirable planting environment of indoor plant by verify effect that indoor container slit ventilation system gets in growth and root activation of Korea Native Plants. Main result is as following. 1. Davallia mariesii, typical epiphyte fern, was appeared that growth of top and root activation was helped by slit ventilation system in indoor container and were very positive in rhizome development specially. 2. Hedera rhombea was helped growth of top by slit ventilation system, and specially, effect of plant height and number of shoot. Also, this slit system was positive in root activation. So, this indoor container appeared by thing which is very desirable in climbing plants as well as epiphyte plants. According to result that see effect getting in growth and root activation of Davallia mariesii and Hedera rhombea for indoor container slit ventilation system, Growth of top was different in plant but root activation was developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

This study was carried out to cultivate evergreen-leaved tree container seedlings having low cost of equipment and easy to control. Two species of V. odoratissimum var. awabuki and Q. glauca planting in respective underground container were showed survival rate above 90%. The Relative growth rates of height was good in non-treatment and root collar diameter was no significant difference between treatments. The T/R ratio was respectively 1.1, 1.0 in container type of F, G. and root's biomass products was more effective than others. A container type of F showed better Quailty index than others with 16.2 values. Q. glauca was higher T/R ratio in root development than shoot and the quality index was high in container type of E, D with 4.0. 3.5, respectively. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, we can concluded that the underground container type was suitable to F in V. odoratissimum var. awabuki and to D or E in Q. glauca.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

The unmanaged abandoned concrete roads are vulnerable toward the issues on soil and water pollution, which requires flexible managing method such as eco-corridor after the process of ecological restoration. Among various alternations of abandoned concrete-paved roads, ecological restoration technique may be the most suitable method in sites including high quality of natural environment. Therefore, as in Young dong province, GyungBu express highway (227.24~229.04km), which is near to Hwang-gan IC, the survey to measure its effect of soil under the paving and water pollution by abandoned concrete roads was discussed. Then, the restoration method of plantings of landscape trees and hydro-seeding methods of artificial soil media was appraised through consecutive monitoring. The soil adequacy analysis shows lower percentage of heavy metal substance in each depth level compared to standard limit stated by the Ministry of Environment, along with low concerns raised after the analysis on heavy metal content of the spilled water on the concrete roads. Meanwhile, Korean Weigela (Weigela subsessilis L.H. Baily) was found to be withered in small-scale landscape trees planting sites. Among the seeding plants. the family of leguminosae, Silene armeria, Dendranthema boreale, Caryopteris incana and Aster yomena show good establishment results. Overall studies on planting of small and large landscape trees, planting method of container plants, planting method of ground cover plants, and germination and development trend of seeding plants of the experimental restoration site on abandoned concrete roads are revealing specific trends in the way landscape woody plants establishment and growth. Finally, this study suggests further studies and survey on varied plant restoration methods on abandoned concrete-roads for developed design guidelines of their methods.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1299-1305
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• 2014

For evaluating the effect of various artificial planting soil properties on the Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a wall of greenhouse at Konkuk University, Glocal campus. The experimental artificial planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (Control, $A_4O_1$, $A_2O_1$ and $A_1O_1$) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' was planted. The soil and plant characteristics were investigated from April to Jun 2010. The volumetric soil moisture contents were significantly increasing order as the amount of organic soil conditioner level increased in order to $A_1O_1$ > $A_2O_1$ > $A_4O_1$ > Control. At 4 treatment, soil chemical properties were inversely related to organic soil container ratios increase. The differences of root collar caliper, number of branch, and survival rate between the organic soil conditioner ratio were not significantly affected by organic soil conditioner. But, plant height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were significantly shorter on plants planted $A_1O_1$ than plants planted other treatments. Therefore, Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' had good growth response regardless of organic soil conditioner ratio and the plant is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in artificial planting soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2020

This study was aimed to establish the most effective approach for the cultivation of Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. plants, which was expected as new ornamental plants. We conducted an experiment using plug seedlings, varied the seeding container type and seeding rate. We also varied seedling quality, planting container, soil type, and shading ratio. Seedling quality was used seedlings produced from different seeding containers and seeding rates. The seedling quality were seeding growth using 162, 200, and 288 trays, and seedings rate was used seedlings produced by sowing 1, 2, 4 and 6 seeds. As a result, 162 trays of seedlings were suitable for use in this study. Plants grown with one seed per cell in individual cells exhibited increased individual growth, but those grown with four seeds per cell exhibited better growth for the whole plant. According to seedling quality, seedlings produced in the 162 trays or with four seeds per cell showed higher growth than other seedlings. In the cultivation of V. rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz., seedling growth increased depending on container capacity for both shoot and root parts. Container material had no significant impact on seedling growth. Seedlings grew the best on horticultural substrate, and showed better growth on mixed soils with high decomposed granite content than on peatmoss.