• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.278-288
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• 2016

Automation ensures accurate and well-organized container transportation in container terminals. This paper addresses operational issues such as equipment scheduling and the coordination between various pieces of equipment in a rail-based automated container terminal. Containers are relayed using multiple types of equipment from road trucks to a vessel and vice versa. Therefore, handshaking is required during a container transfer between different pieces of equipment. Synchronization between the schedules of all the equipment is important to reduce equipment waiting times and the time required for transporting containers, which results in a short turnaround time for a vessel. This paper proposes an integrated control system with the objective of synchronizing the operations of different types of equipment, provides a list of decisions to be made by the control module of each type of equipment, and shows all the required information transfers between control modules. A scheme for the integrated scheduling of multiple types of equipment is proposed. The decisions made by each control module in a real-time fashion are listed with detailed explanations, and the information transfer between managers in a real-time situation at the proposed terminal is described.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-25
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• 1999

There is a worldwide trend to automate the handling operations in port container terminals in an effort to improve productivity and reduce labor cost. This study iscusses how to apply an AGV(automated guided vehicle) system to the handling of containers in the yard of a port container ter-minal. The main issue of this paper is how to assign tasks of container delivery to AGVs during ship operations in an automated port container terminal. A dual-cycle operation is assumed in which the loading and the discharging operation can be performed alternately. Mixed integer linear program-ming formulations are suggested for the dispatching problem. The completion time of all the dis-charging and loading operations by a quayside crane is minimized, and the minimization of the total travel time of AGVs is also considered as a secondary objective. A heuristic method using useful properties of the dispatching problem is suggested to reduce the computational time. The perfor-mance of the heuristic algorithm is evaluated in light of solution quality and computation time.

• 경영과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1995

The Pusan Container Terminal faces a rapid increase in berthing time of container ships as well as in waiting time of external trucks, which is due to an absolute lack of yard space. This research is focused on the development of a decision support system for the planning of the container terminal yard assignment so that the yard space would be utilized most effectively. Efforts should be given to the reasonable assignment of the yard storage and the dynamic adaptation to the ever changing environment. The software introduced here is based on the know-how of the field exports and its framework takes the approach of the hierarchical decision making.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2006

Number of researches on efficient terminal operation system applying RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) are in progress. However, RFID has limitations on tracking and providing accurate positions of containers. In this paper, to enhance the performance of the integrated terminal operation system, an efficient loading management of yard is proposed by applying RFID based RTLS(Real Time Locating System) that provides real time accurate positions of containers. It was found that a group based sequence system is more efficient than the existing individual sequence number system in the container yard In the group based sequence system, the containers in the same group should have similar characteristics such as port of destination(POD), size, weight, etc. In order to run this system, we proposed the parameters to the unspecified N bytes of RFID tag which are specified in ISO 18000 7. And then, we developed an integrated operation system of container terminal using RFID. The proposed system reduces the ship turnaround time in ubiquitous port environments.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 1999

This paper aims to derive the strategies for the container terminal in Pusan. So it has focused on analyzing the current conditions of Pusan container terminal while evaluating the difficulties arising from the existing facilities/equipment and the operating system in the Pusan Korea Container Terminal through the workers at the container terminal and at off-dock CY. The object of this study is to assist the existing terminals to operate the facilities/equipment reasonably and to contribute shaping the ports policy which will be the basis of constructing new ports that will remain competitive while maintaining superiority over the ports in northeast area. According to the analysis 68% of the supplier answered that their terminal services which are the most important factor in running a terminal were superior to the other while only 28% of the user answered that they thought the current services were superior. For the areas of supplementing the terminal the people working at the terminal answered in the order of business operation equipment the number of berth service and management ability while the user answered in the order of service computer system transportation system and equipment. According to the regression analysis it became clear that there should be more effort toward improving or supplementing the facility scale facility usage charge transportation facilities which will assist in developing competitiveness of the terminal. It was also noted that management ability and business ability were mentioned as the important factors in operating a terminal.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

Number of researches on efficient terminal operation system applying RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) are on progress. However, RFID has limitations on tracking and providing accurate positions of containers. In this paper, to enhance the performance of the integrated terminal operation system, an efficient loading management of yard is proposed by applying RFID-based RTLS(Real Time Locating System) that provides real-time accurate positions of containers. We found that a group-based sequence system is more efficient than the existing individual sequence number system in the container yard. In the group-based sequence system, the containers in the same group should have similar characteristics such as port of destination(POD), size, weight, etc. In order to run this system, we have proposed the parameters to the unspecified N bytes of RFID tag which are specified in ISO 18000-7. And, this paper proposed a development of integrated operation system of container terminal using RFID for reducing the ship turnaround time in ubiquitous port environment.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2018

해상을 통한 물동량이 전체 97% 차지하고 있어 효율적인 항만 운영 관리 시스템을 통해 작업효율을 높이는 동시에 운영비용을 절감하고, 관리자가 작업 지연 및 장비 지원이 필요한 상황이 발생한 경우 신속하게 이를 확인하여 대처할 필요가 있다. 기존 시스템은 GPS 을 이용한 야드 자동화 장비의 실시간 위치정보 확인을 토대로 작업 완료 혹은 작업 시작에 따라 입력된 정보로 위치 정보를 모니터링하고 있다. 기존 시스템보다 태블릿의 GPS 시스템으로 실시간 위치정보 확인 시스템이 야드 조업 장비의 위치 확인에 있어 더욱 정확한 정보 제공이 가능하다. 야드장 내의 통신망에서도 컨테이너로 인한 음영이 없는 상용 LTE 서비스를 활용한 망 구성이 컨테이너 처리 지연을 줄인다. 마지막으로 안드로이드나 IOS를 사용하는 스마트단말기의 도입과 인공지능을 활용한 컨테이너 처리 스케줄링을 통해 컨테이너 처리 어플리케이션의 스마트 단말 사용과 컨테이너 작업 스케줄의 최적화를 통한 최소 지연시스템을 구축한다. 스마트 단말의 도입과 인공지능을 활용한 컨테이너 처리 지연의 최소화는 컨테이너 정보 요구자인 소비자에게 실시간으로 컨테이너의 처리과정을 확인시킴으로써 항만 서비스의 질적 향상이 예상된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1446-1455
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• 2016

최근 컨테이너를 이용한 신선화물, 위험화물, 고가품 등이 해상 운송되면서 화주나 선사들이 운송중인 화물의 모니터링에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 사용자 요구사항 증가에 따라 운송 중 컨테이너의 상태 모니터링에 대한 기술들이 국내외에서 개발되고 있다. 하지만 개발된 기술들은 대부분 이동통신을 기반으로 수집한 컨테이너의 상태 정보를 전송하기 때문에 선박에 통신 인프라를 설치하는데 많은 비용이 필요하다. 또한 해운물류에서 컨테이너가 적재되는 선박 홀드는 운항 중 완전히 밀폐되고, 그 위에 컨테이너가 다단으로 적재되기 때문에 홀드에 적재된 많은 컨테이너들의 상태를 모니터링 하는데 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 낮은 비용으로 선박 내 위치한 컨테이너의 상태를 선박에서 실시간으로 확인 가능한 IP-RFID 기술을 이용한 컨테이너 상태 모니터링 시스템을 소개한다. 또한 소개한 시스템을 한국과 중국을 오가는 선박에 설치하여 실제 물류구간에서 운항중인 선박 홀드에 적재된 컨테이너의 상태 모니터링이 가능한지를 실험하였다. 실험결과 기존 개발되었던 컨테이너 상태 모니터링 시스템에 비해 저렴한 비용으로 홀드에 위치한 컨테이너의 상태 모니터링이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2013

국내 컨테이너터미널에서는 야드 트랙터의 위치를 실시간으로 인식하기 위해 RFID시스템을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 RFID를 이용한 위치인식은 트랜스퍼 크레인을 이용하는 야드 작업에는 문제가 없으나, 컨테이너 크레인을 이용하는 본선 작업에는 문제가 있다. 즉, 컨테이너 크레인에서 크레인 밑의 4개 차선에서 움직이는 야드 트랙터들을 구분하여 정확히 인식하기가 불가능하기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 트랜스퍼 크레인의 야드 작업은 물론이고 컨테이너 크레인의 본선 작업에서도 동일한 방식으로 정확히 야드 트랙터를 인식할 수 있는 적외선 통신시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과 인식 횟수가 일정하게 측정되었으며, 25m의 거리에서도 인식범위가 5.7m로 측정 가능하였다. 즉, 컨테이너 크레인 밑을 이동하는 여러 대의 야드 트랙터들을 구분하여 인식할 수 있는 인식 범위를 가지게 되었다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2000

In this paper, we compare and analyze the current state of the productivity of the stevedoring work among several container terminals in 1999. Based on these results of analysis, we firstly classify several factors which impede the efficient operations of container terminal as follows ; late arrival of container beyond cargo closing time(CCT), change of port of destination, change of vessel, and return cargo. Such factors are major cause for the cargo rehandling on terminals, thus deteriorate the overall performance of transfer crane during the stevedoring work. In order to improve the productivity of container terminal, we suggest that it is necessary for establishing and operating the efficient logistics management system. Especially, we emphasize the importance of information exchange on the scheduled cargoes among the relevant parties such as shippers, shipping companies, and terminal operators, which is the most effective way to alleviate the cargo rehandling.