• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

Number of researches on efficient terminal operation system applying RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) are on progress. However, RFID has limitations on tracking and providing accurate positions of containers. In this paper, to enhance the performance of the integrated terminal operation system, an efficient loading management of yard is proposed by applying RFID-based RTLS(Real Time Locating System) that provides real-time accurate positions of containers. We found that a group-based sequence system is more efficient than the existing individual sequence number system in the container yard. In the group-based sequence system, the containers in the same group should have similar characteristics such as port of destination(POD), size, weight, etc. In order to run this system, we have proposed the parameters to the unspecified N bytes of RFID tag which are specified in ISO 18000-7. And, this paper proposed a development of integrated operation system of container terminal using RFID for reducing the ship turnaround time in ubiquitous port environment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.789-793
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• 2005

The container terminals in Korea usually adopts both the bar code and the image recognition systems at the gate complex to capture necessary information on containers passing through the gate. With the rapid advancement of Information Technology(IT) these systems, however, seem to make the user not satisfied due to the inherent limitations such as the long process time taken, low rate of recognition etc., This paper, therefore, examines the adoption of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to container terminals, and tried to get some implication for the way to improve the productivity of the terminal. The results imply that some improvement in the gate and storage yard operation is feasible by the benefit of using the information of vehicles and containers collected in advance by RFID technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.367-372
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to develop the alternative of the container transport vehicle of new type for the purpose of the increase of terminal productivity. In order to develop the alternatives, we analyze the technical specification of existing transport vehicles such as YT(Yard Trailer), S/C(Straddle Carrier), SHC(Shuttle Carrier), AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) and investigate the operation and performance of transport vehicles to classify the technical generation. The development alternative of transport vehicle is presented in this study is very useful to advanced container terminal with higher productivity.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.75-89
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• 2020

Purpose: The container terminal is an area that plays an important role in the country's import and export. As the volume of containers increased worldwide, competition between terminals became fiercer, and increasing the productivity of terminals became more important. Re-handling is a serious obstacle that lowers the productivity of terminal. There are two ways to reduce re-handling in the terminal yard. The first method is to load containers in terminal yards using effective carry-in algorithms that reduce re-handling. The second method is to carry out effective remarshalling. In this paper, the performance of various carry-in algorithms and various remarshalling algorithms are reviewed. Next, we try to find the most effective combination of carry-in algorithm and remarshalling algorithm. Research design, data and methodology: In this paper, we analyze the performance of the four carry-in algorithms, AP, MDF, LVF, RP and the four remarshalling algorithms, ASI, ASI+, ASO, ASO+. And after making all the combinations of carry-in algorithms and remarshalling algorithms, we compare their performance to find the best combination. To that end, many experiments are conducted with eight types of 100 bays through simulation. Results: The results of experiments showed that AP was effective among the carry-in algorithms and ASO+ was effective among remarshalling algorithms. In the case of the LVF algorithm, the effect of carrying in was bad, but it was found to be effective in finding remarshalling solution. And we could see that ASI+ and ASO+, algorithms that carry out remarshalling even if they fail to find remarshalling solution, are also more effective than ASI and ASO. And among the combinations of carry-in algorithms and remarshalling algorithms, we could see that the combination of AP algorithm and ASO+ algorithm was the most effective combination. Conclusion: We compared the performance of the carry-in algorithms and the remarshalling algorithms and the performance of their combination. Since the performance of the container yard has a significant effect on the performance of the entire container terminal, it is believed that the results of this experiment will be effective in improving the performance of the container terminal when carrying-in or when remarshalling.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Recent global supply chain, improving the efficiency of container shipping process is very important. In the overseas shipping of goods, the voyage of super containership is common to overcome amount of increasing cargo. Thus, container terminal managers make an experiment on the double cycle and dual cycle operation, which ship loading and unloading were carried out simultaneously, for maximizing the productivity of quay side. Yard Tractors(YTs) pooling methods also are introduced for increasing the efficiency of assignment of YTs. In this paper, we analyzed the efficiency of dual cycling through comparing existing pooling methods with the modified method for the dual cycling. We developed a simulation model using simulation analysis software, Arena. The result of experiment shown that the more dual cycling don't always increase the gross crane rate(GCR), which means productivity of quay cranes(QCs) per hour.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2020

One of the most important operational goals in container terminals is to maximize the quay side productivity by minimizing the turnaround times of the vessels, for which the operations of the quay cranes (QC) to load/unload containers onto/from the vessels should be conducted efficiently without delays. This paper suggests using a policy-based dispatching method for YTs (Yard Tractor) that deliver containers between QCs and the storage yard. The goal of using such a dispatching policy is to maximize the efficiency of the YT operation and accordingly to minimize the QC delays because of late arrivals of the YTs. In particular, in this paper, we modified the previously proposed policy for its application to real container terminal and verified the effect through simulation experiments using real terminal data.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.753-770
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• 1996

In order to reduce the number of rehandles during the loading operation of export containers in port container terminals, the storage location of each arriving container should be determined considering of its weight. We formulate the problem by a dynamic programming model to get the optimal storage location. And a heuristic rule is suggested in order to overcome computational difficulties of the optimization model. The performance of the rule is evaluated by comparing it with the result of DP model.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2018

The Seaborne Trade Volume accounts for 97% of the total. This means that the port operation management system can improve port efficiency, reducing operating costs, and the manager who manages all operations at the port needs to check and respond quickly when delays of work and equipment support is needed. Based on the real-time location information confirmation of yard automation equipment used the existing system GPS, the real-time location information confirmation system is a GPS system of the tablet, rather than a port operation system that monitors location information for the entered information, depending on the completion of the task or the start of the task. Network configurations also reduce container processing delays by using commercial LTE services that do not have shading due to containers in the yard also reduce container processing delays. Trough introduction of smart devices using Android or IOS and container processing scheduling utilizing artificial intelligence, we will build a minimum delay system with Smart Device usage of container processing applications and optimization of container processing schedule. The adoption of smart devices and the minimization of container processing delays utilizing artificial intelligence are expected to improve the quality of port services by confirming the processing containers in real time to consumers who are container information demanders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.281-288
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• 2015

The container terminals use convergence technology that exchange information for cargo work, using wireless communication between the TOS(Terminal Operations System) and the handling equipments(CC, TC, YT). But if the container cargoes pile up high in the container yard, delayed cargo work and cargo working list information error happen because of communication dead spots(the worker can not receive the information) which wireless communication is disconnected. At this time the driver of the yard tractor(YT) must be able to recognize the communication state. If then, delayed cargo work and cargo working list information errors that occur in the shaded communication area can be avoided, and can process the delayed work due to wireless communication break. In this project, we have built wireless communication environment to increase the efficiency of the loading and unloading operations which the operator can respond actively, when the work is delayed and work orders result in errors. That is, the flow of the wireless communication module has been changed.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

This paper deals with a container terminal where containers are discharged by quay cranes from a ship and transported by a fleet of vehicles to the terminal yard. Since container terminals are fully utilized in general, It is important to increase terminal throughput by discharging the containers out of the ship without any delay, At the operational level, it should be decided which vehicle transports which container. The vehicle dispatching decision should be carefully made since the container discharging time increases when the quay cranes wait idle for the vehicles. This paper presents vehicle dispatching heuristics with the objective of minimizing the total container discharging time. The heuristics are based on a network flow model and a look-ahead concept. Through some experiments, the performance of the dispatching methods is evaluated.