• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.739-747
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• 2008

There have been increasing consumption of luxury fashion and recent marketing researches on luxury syndrome, trading up, etc. in mass fashion today. Historically the consumption of luxury had been concentrated on only upper class in the past. But since 20th century, the mass consumers of modern consumptive society show their interests in luxuries which had been preoccupation of few elite class. Accordingly, it can be thought that the historical review on the changes in the meaning of luxury should be necessary for a better understanding of modern luxury consumption in sociocultural context. The purpose of this study is to grasp the sociocultural meaning of luxury in modern fashion with a holistic viewpoint by examining the changes of luxury consumption in mass fashion. It will be helpful as a conceptual approach of modern luxury consumption. For this, the documentary study has been executed. It focused on since 20th century, which can be the root of mass productive and consumptive society in fashion history. The results are as follows. The luxury in court elite system before 20th century had been concentrated on few elite class exclusively but gradually began to be represented as inferior cheaper version by mass production according to their increasing interests since industrial revolution. The luxuries in elite designer system in the first half of 20th century were represented as illegal design piracy and legal genuine reproduction in spite of problems brought about between originality and copy. The concept of mass as consumer was virtually alienated in both systems. But in fashion system since the second half of 20th century, various types of consumer luxuries has appeared on account of the trading up phenomenon in drastic growth of mass culture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1111-1117
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• 2014

Golestan province has a reputation for relatively high incidence rates of gastric cancer in Iran. Along with dietary, lifestyle and environmental influential factors, soil selenium and high levels of pesticide used may exert influence in this region. The present study was designed for modeling the influential predictors on incidence of gastric cancer in Golestan. All registered cases of gastric cancer from March 2009 to March 2010 (49 females and 107 males) were investigated. Data were gathered by both check list and researcher made questionnaire (demographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics) and analysed using logistic regression. Mean (${\pm}SD$) age at diagnosis was $62.9{\pm}13.8$ years. CIR and ASR of gastric cancer showed 9.16 and 13.9 per 100,000 people, respectively. Based on univariate logistic regression, a history of smoking (OR= 2.076), unwashed hands after defecation (OR= 2.612), history of cancer in relatives (OR= 2.473), history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives (OR= 2.278), numbers of gastric cancers in first-degree relatives (OR= 2.078), history of X-ray and dye exposure (OR= 2.395), history of CT scan encounter (OR= 2.915), improper food habits (OR= 3.320), specific eating behavior (OR= 0.740), consumption of probable high risk foods (OR= 2.942), charred flesh (OR= 1.945), and animal fat (OR= 2.716) were confirmed as a risk factors. Changes in lifestyle may be expected to increase gastric cancer incidence dramatically in the near future. Therefore, appropriate educational interventions should be designed and implemented by competent authorities.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.117-132
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• 1976

Fertilizer has been played greately on the agricultural development as well as food production and agriculture has also promoted the development of fertilizer industry. There were, however, many difficulties between supply and demand of fertilizer throughout the decade. In this regard, this paper is involved with present situation and prospect of commercial fertilizers, in view of domestic and international scheme on resources, production, and demand within the limited information. Brief history of commercial fertilizer in Korea has outlined for the introduction and fertilizer consumption per unit area also discussed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

Nowdays, we can communicate using Information Technology such as internet, personal computer, mobile phone etc. To protect global environment, it is also reqired to invent products efficiently reduce energy consumption. here, I studied organic EL and inorganic EL because organic EL display is appropriate device as light, thin, energy-saying display following CRT, LCD. As a result, I realized that we are supposed to study more on invention, efficiency and mass-production of materials. Comparing with another display, however, it would be marketable in few years, considering short history of its full-scaled studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4017-4023
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are known to be associated with predisposition for certain cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lifestyle factors, family history and genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR C677T and A1298C on rectal cancer risk and possible interactions with lifestyle factors in Northeast Thailand. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted during 2002-2006 with recruitment of 112 rectal cancer cases and 242 non-rectal cancer patient controls. Information was collected using a structured-questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for assay of MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. Associations between lifestyle factors, family history and genetic polymorphisms v.s. rectal cancer risk were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Subjects with frequent and occasional constipation had a higher risk ($OR_{adj.}$=14.64; 95%CI=4.28-50.04 and $OR_{adj.}$=2.15; 95%CI=1.14-4.06), along with those who reported ever having hemorrhoids ($OR_{adj.}$=2.82; 95%CI=1.36-5.84) or a family history of cancer ($OR_{adj.}$=1.90; 95%CI=1.06-3.39). Consumption of a high level of pork was also associated with risk ($OR_{adj.}$=1.82; 95%CI=1.05-3.15). Interactions were not observed between MTHFR and other risk factors. Conclusions: This study suggested that the risk factors for rectal cancer in the Thai population are bowel habits, having had hemorrhoids, a family history of cancer and pork consumption.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 1996

뇌졸중은 한국인에 있어서 발병율이 높은 성인병이며 또한 음주, 흡연과 관련이 있는 질병으로 알려져 있는바, 건강한 구성원만을 가진 정상인군과 뇌졸중 환자가 있는 가족의 구성원을 대상으로(환자 자신은 제외) 음주, 흡연정도, 수입과 가족병력을 조사하여 상관관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 뇌졸중 환자 가족의 평균 음주량이 정상인 가족 보다 높게 나타났는데 이는 가족 구성원 중 30대, 40대, 50대 남자의 음주량이 높은 것에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 뇌졸중 환자 가족의 흡연량이 정상인 보다 높았는데 이는 주로 뇌졸중 환자 가족중 40대와 50대 남자의 높은 흡연량에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 가구당 월 평균 수입은 정상인 세대가 뇌졸중 환자 가족에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(정상인 가족: $673,000\pm187,000원,$ 뇌졸중 환자 가족: $483,000\pm213,000원)$ 뇌졸중 환자가족에서 역시 뇌졸중 병력이 많은 것은 유전적 소인과 더불어 음주, 흡연과 상당한 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.456-464
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• 2023

Objective : This study aims to investigate the incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and demographic characteristics in Korea using population-based National Health Insurance Service data. Methods : This study analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2005 to 2020, based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th version, Clinical Modification codes D333 and D431. Only those patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging and audiologic tests were considered definitive cases. Demographic variables included age, sex, treatment modality, hypertension, diabetics, dyslipidemia, smoking history, alcohol history, and income status. Results : The total number of VS patients was 5751. The average incidence rate was 0.71 per 100000 from 2005 to 2020, and the annual incidence rate increased from 0.33 in 2005 to 1.32 in 2019 but decreased to 0.80 in 2020. Incidence was highest in those aged 60-69 years (1.791) and lowest in those younger than 20 years (0.041). Incidence was higher in females, and the number of patients who received radiosurgery (46.64%) was largest compared to the wait and scan group (37.96%), microsurgery group (12.85%), or the group who received both (2.56%). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS. Conclusion : The incidence of VS exhibited an increasing trend from 2005 to 2019. Radiosurgery (46.64%) was the most common treatment modality. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

Objectives: We investigated the clustering of selected lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise) and identified the population characteristics associated with increasing lifestyle risks. Methods: Data on lifestyle risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and history of chronic diseases were obtained from 7,694 individuals ${\geq}20$ years of age who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Clustering of lifestyle risks involved the observed prevalence of multiple risks and those expected from marginal exposure prevalence of the three selected risk factors. Prevalence odds ratio was adopted as a measurement of clustering. Multiple correspondence analysis, Kendall tau correlation, Man-Whitney analysis, and ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify variables increasing lifestyle risks. Results: In both men and women, increased lifestyle risks were associated with clustering of: (1) cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and (2) smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical exercise. Patterns of clustering for physical exercise were different from those for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The increased unhealthy clustering was found among men 20-64 years of age with mild or moderate stress, and among women 35-49 years of age who were never-married, with mild stress, and increased body mass index (>$30\;kg/m^2$). Conclusions: Addressing a lack of physical exercise considering individual characteristics including gender, age, employment activity, and stress levels should be a focus of health promotion efforts.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of the energy consumption when loading to leg of the 60persons who don't have past history of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular disease, To evaluate the change or energy consumption, heart rate was measured in sitting position for 5minute, during walking for 3minute at for 4.8km on treadmill, and during resting state after walking with 1Kg loading to right ankle, and the other 1Kg loading was added to left ankle and then heart rates were measured in the The results were as follow; 1. PCI value without loading to Ankle were significantly increased compared to 1Kg, and 2Kg. (p<0.05) 2. Female Subjects showed mon increased PCI value in without leading and 2Kg loading compared to male subjects. ( p<0.05) 3. When 1Kg ana 2Ka loading to ankle significantly differences were showed between them. (p<0.05) 4. In the case of 1Kg and 2Kg loading, the difference among age groups was observed and the significant difference among PCI, PCI 1kg, PCI 2kg was showed in the only group that is less than 30 years old. 5. In every PCI condition the difference among height groups was observed and the significant difference among PCI conditions was showed in the only group that is less than 165cm. 6. The difference among weight groups in each PCI condition was not observed, but the significant differences among PCI conditions was showed in every group except the group that h from 60kg to 69kg. These results showed that energy consumption was increased according to loading on the ankle during Sate so weight of orthosis or prosthesis met be considered when choosing them and during gait training with these ones.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

본 논문은 레이더 장비에 적용되는 통신 IC 소비 전력 개선을 통한 회로카드조립체 품질 향상에 관한 연구이다. 본 논문에서 언급하는 레이더는 현재 양산이 진행중이며, 군에서 사용중인 장비이다. 군에서 레이더 운용중 DC 28V를 입력으로 받아 DC 5V로 변환시키는 회로카드조립체에서 유독 반복적 고장이 지속적으로 발생했다. 따라서 해당 회로카드조립체 고장에 대한 원인분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 특정 통신 IC에서 소비되는 전력이 매우 높음을 발견하였으며, 그에 따라 발생된 열에 의해 주위 부품이 소손됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 레이더 체계 규격을 모두 만족하는 개선된 부품으로 변경하였다. 변경된 부품에 대하여 체계 영향성 확인을 위한 체계 부착시험을 수행하여 검증하였으며, 환경시험(고온저장 및 운용시험, 저온저장 및 운용시험, 습도시험, 진동시험, EMI 시험)을 통해 레이더 체계에서 요구하는 성능요구조건을 모두 만족함을 확인하였다. 이번 개선을 통해 현재까지 절연 회로카드조립체에서 발생한 고장은 없으므로 해당 회로카드조립체의 품질이 향상됨을 확인하였다.