• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.12B
• /
• pp.1349-1358
• /
• 2009

Because of the limitation of supporting power, the current WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) Technologies whose one of the core attributes is low power consumption are the best solution for shipping container networking in stack environment such as on vessel. So it is effective to use the Wireless Sensor Network Technology. In this case, many nodes join in the network through a sink node because there are difficulties to get big money and efforts to set up a lot of sink node. It needs clustering-based proactive protocol to manage many nodes. But it shows low reliability because they have effect on radio frequency in metal obstacle environments(interference, distortion, reflection, and etc) like the intelligent container. In this paper, we proposed an improved Modified LEACH Protocol for stableness radio frequency environment. In the proposed protocol, we tried to join the network and derived stable topology composition after the measuring of link quality. Finally, we verified that the proposed protocol is composing more stable topology than previously protocol in metal obstacle environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.516-524
• /
• 2012

K-pop has gained its popularity all over the world, and its popularity is mostly concentrated in Asian countries. Korean wave which has started from Korean dramas has expanded its horizon to K-pop, which centers around idol singers since 2005. The K-pop's popularity is evident from fans imitating singers' dance moves, makeup, appearance, and even trying to learn Korean. This study tries to explore consuming behaviors of Asian K-pop consumers from China, Japan, Thailand and Vietnam, and the main reasons Asian consumers prefer K-pop over their own countries' pop. The study also analyzes on how K-pop influences K-pop consumers to build positive feeling toward Korea and give them intention to visit Korea. The results showed the differences among K-pop consuming behaviors, relationship among attributes of K-pop, positive feeling toward Korea, and intention to visit Korea among four Asian countries. Findings would be the stepping stone that could support K-pop to expand its market to other foreign countries.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.511-529
• /
• 2016

The current study aims to segment Chinese female consumers using their lifestyle dimensions in the cosmetics market, and analyze their cosmetics purchasing behavior based on that segmentation. Specifically, lifestyle groups were examined to see if there is any group difference(s) in consumer behavior for Korean cosmetics. Lifestyle groups were examined based on: consumers' demographic characteristics, perceived brand attributes, loyalty toward Korean cosmetics, usage of Korean cosmetics products, preferred stores of shopping for Korean cosmetics, and use of information sources in purchase decisions. An online survey was administered to female consumers who live in Beijing and Shanghai. A total of 493 surveys were used for data analyses. The results of the study were as follows: First, factor analysis revealed 11 significant lifestyle dimensions. Second, using these 11 lifestyle dimensions, cluster analysis was conducted, which revealed four distinct groups of consumers: (1) "timid inactive group," characterized by having low scores in most lifestyle dimensions; (2) "showcase goers," who tend to be highly fashion/appearance-conscious and brand-oriented; (3) "practical buyers," who tend to be price-conscious, sensitive and timid; and (4) "sensible buyers," who enjoy finer meals and wellbeing lifestyles, as well as hardworking in everything and impulse-buy things. Third, consumer behavior of purchasing Korean cosmetics brands were examined; significant differences among the four lifestyle groups were found. The study concludes with a discussion of the results and practical implications.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2008

The sensor network is applied from the field which is various. The sensor network nodes are exchanged with mobile environment and they construct they select cluster and cluster headers. In this paper, we propose the Dynamic Prediction Clustering Algorithm use to Skyline queries attributes in direction, angel and hop. This algorithm constructs cluster in base mobile sensor node after select cluster header. Propose algorithm is based made cluster header for mobile sensor node. It "Adv" reduced the waste of energy which mobile sensor node is unnecessary. Respects clustering where is efficient according to hop count of sensor node made dynamic cluster. To extend a network life time of 2.4 times to decrease average energy consuming of sensor node. Also maintains dynamic cluster to optimize the within hop count cluster, the average energy specific consumption of node decreased 14%.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.365-372
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Tea is the most frequently consumed drink worldwide, next to water. About 75% of the total world tea production includes black tea, and withering is one of the major processing steps critical for the quality of black tea. There are two types of tea withering methods: physical and chemical withering. Withering can be achieved by using tat, tunnel, drum, and trough withering systems. Of these, the trough withering system is the most commonly used. This study focuses on the different types of withering, their effect on the various quality attributes of tea, and other aspects of withering methods that affect superior quality tea. Results: During physical withering, tea shoots loose moisture content that drops from approximately 70-80% to 60-70% (wet basis). This leads to increased sap concentration in tea leaf cells, and turgid leaves become flaccid. It also prevents tea shoots from damage during maceration or rolling. During chemical withering, complex chemical compounds break down into simpler ones volatile flavor compounds, amino acids, and simple sugars are formed. Withering increases enzymatic activities as well as the concentration of caffeine. Research indicates that about 15% of chlorophyll degradation occurs during withering. It is also reported that during withering lipids break down into simpler compounds and catechin levels decrease. Improper withering can cause adverse effects on subsequent manufacturing operations, such as maceration, rolling, fermentation, drying, and tea storage. Conclusion: Freshly harvested leaves are conditioned physically and chemically for subsequent processing. There is no specified withering duration, but 14-18 h is generally considered the optimum period. Proper and even withering of tea shoots greatly depends on the standards of plucking, handling, transportation, environmental conditions, time, and temperature. Thus, to ensure consumption of high quality tea, the withering step must be monitored carefully.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2019

Purpose - Present study aimed at investigating the factors that may affect consumers' decision confidence and decision comfort inducing choice commitment taken place at the stage of post-decision/pre-outcome. This study explored whether there are positive effects of dominance and instrumentality of chosen product on the decision confidence, and also identified whether there are positive effects of choice easiness and goal achievement-related affect felt at the chosen product on the decision comfort. Research design, data, and methodology - Portable digital camera as experimental product was used. 260 data were collected from college students. Four were removed from the analyses because they did not complete the questionnaire. Eighteen were removed because they indicated not experiencing the camera in the past. 238 data were used at the analyses to verify hypotheses by structural equation model in AMOS 21.0. Results - First, both of the consumers' decision confidence and decision comfort positively affected choice commitment. Second, the dominance as well as the instrumentality had positive impact upon the decision confidence. Third, the choice easiness and goal achievement-related affect felt at the chosen product had positive impact on the decision comfort. In sum, present study identified the mediation roles of the decision confidence in the effects of both dominance and instrumentality of the chosen product on forming choice commitment, and also found the mediation roles of the decision comfort in the effects of choice easiness and goal achievement-related affect felt at the product on forming choice commitment. Conclusions - Focusing on the stage of post-decision/pre-outcome in decision making process, present study contributes to advancing the choice commitment theories by exploring the positive effects of both dominance and instrumentality of chosen product on the decision confidence, and by finding the positive effects of both choice easiness and goal achievement-related affect felt at the chosen product on the decision comfort. Marketers should promote their products' dominance and instrumentality by showing the superior roles of their product attributes in achieving consumption goal, and should help consumers feel comfort by making choice process easier and giving information that could help feel the goal achievement-related affect at their product chosen.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.55-73
• /
• 2021

The sharing economy is considered as a collaborative consumption which enables customers to share unused resources. This study investigated the key factors affecting consumer loyalty in the context of sharing accommodation. Emotions, perceived value and self-image consistency were posited as key antecedents of enhancing customer loyalty. Authentic experience, home amenities, and price fairness were also considered as Airbnb's selection attributes. Airbnb was selected a survey target because it is the largest company in the domain of shared accommodation market. The research model was analyzed for 294 Airbnb customer through structural equation models. Additionally, this paper examine Airbnb customers' experiences by topic modelling method posted on the Naver blog. Based on the understanding of the key factors affecting customer loyalty to sharing accommodation, the analysis results contribute to establish effective marketing and operation strategies by enhancing customer experience.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.123-140
• /
• 2019

Empathy is the ability to feel, understand, and respond to the emotions of others from the standpoint of others. Recently, 'sympathy' has emerged as an important issue not only in emotional empathy in relation to individuals but also in 'social empathy', which sees sympathy as a basic principle for maintaining society. This study focuses on the issue of empathy as a new driving force for modern society and focused on 'urban scene' as a spatial application for cultural empathy in the city. Urban scenes approach the city as a space of consumption, classify it according to its inherent attributes, and analyze its characteristics. This study approaches the existing urban scene theory in terms of empathy. In addition, as a way to consume city images reflected on contents, a concrete example of 'contents tourism'is examined, and a 'contents scene' is proposed as a new urban scene and its meaning and possibility are presented.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2022

Carcass vascular rinsing and chilling involves infusing a chilled isotonic solution (98.5% water and a blend of mono- and di-saccharides and phosphates) into the vasculature immediately upon exsanguination. Primary purposes of carcass vascular rinsing are to (1) effectively remove residual blood from the carcass; (2) lower internal muscle temperature rapidly; and (3) optimize pH decline by effective delivery of glycolytic substrates in the rinse solution. Previous studies have revealed that the beef carcass vascular rinsing early postmortem positively affects meat quality, product shelflife, and food safety. Thus, the objective of this review is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the physical and biochemical mechanisms associated with beef carcass vascular rinsing, focusing on the relationship between quality attributes (CIE L^*, a^*, b^*; chemical states of myoglobin; oxygen consumption and sarcomere length) and muscle metabolic response to various substrate solutions (Rinse & Chill^®, fructose, sodium phosphate, and dipotassium phosphate) that stimulate or inhibit the rate of glycolysis early postmortem. In addition, this review discusses the absence of metabolite residues (phosphorus, sodium, and glucose) related to the application of the chilled isotonic solution. This review primarily focuses on beef and as such extending the understanding of the mechanisms and meat quality effects discussed to other species associated with vascular rinsing, in particular pork, may be limited.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.37-51
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to apply informations related to herbal medicines to IDMP (Identification of Medicinal Products), an ISO standards related to medicinal products substances, for systematic collection of data through the integration of informations on distribution, manufacturing, and management of herbal medicines. Methods : By analyzing ISO 11238 and ISO/TS 19844, elements that can be used in the information model of herbal medicine were derived from the identification of medicinal products information model on substances. The labeling specified in the safety and quality control regulations for herbal medicines was mapped to the IDMP information model, and ginseng was applied as an example. Results : Herbal medicine corresponded to substance in IDMP. Among the five types of substances specified by IDMP, herbal medicines were expressed as structurally diverse. Scientific name was used as an invariant property of herbal medicine, and the substance level included information about source material and modification, and specifically included information about the scientific name, medicinal part, fraction, and processing. In addition, the specified substance level had information on the constituents, characteristic attributes, manufacturing, and grade of the herbal medicine. Conclusions : It is necessary to establish a code system for identifying herbal medicines. In order to apply the IDMP standards, research on the development of standard terms is required to express the characteristics of herbal medicines. In addition, information for identification of herbal medicines is also required, and information from production to consumption should be systematically accumulated and managed for actual application.