• 제목/요약/키워드: Consumers' regulatory focus

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모바일 쇼핑몰 상세페이지 콘텐츠 레이아웃 형태가 제품태도 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향: 조절초점에 따른 소비자 인지 반응 중심으로 (The Effect of Content Layout in Mobile Shopping Product Page on Product Attitude and Purchase Intention: Focusing on Consumer Cognitive Responses Depending on Regulatory Focus)

  • 박경희;서봉군;박도형
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.193-210
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    • 2022
  • 급속한 모바일 기술의 발전과 네트워크 속도 향상은 다양한 서비스 형태로 생활의 편의를 제공하고 있으며 모바일 쇼핑몰에서도 예외는 아니다. 빅데이터를 활용한 맞춤 추천, AI 기반의 특화된 개인화 서비스 등을 활용하여 기업들은 판매촉진에 큰 노력을 하고 있으나, 대다수의 모바일 쇼핑몰에서는 상품에 대한 정보를 담고 있는 상세페이지의 정보 구성은 동일한 레이아웃 형태로 제공되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 모바일 상품 상세페이지의 콘텐츠 배열 및 레이아웃이 소비자 성향에 맞게 제공되어야 한다고 판단하여, Higgins의 조절초점이론(Regulatory Focus Theory)을 바탕으로 소비자의 성향을 분류하여 두 가지 레이아웃 배열의 상품 상세페이지를 구성하여 제시하였다. 콘텐츠 레이아웃 배열이 F-shaped 패턴으로 제시되었을 때 정돈감(Organizedness)으로 정보가 인지되고, Z-shaped 패턴으로 제시되었을 때 생생함(Vividness)으로 정보가 인지되어 소비자의 성향에 따라 제품 태도와 구매 의도에 영향을 받는지에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 결과적으로 예방초점 성향의 소비자들은 콘텐츠 레이아웃 구성이 통일감 있고 정돈감(Organizedness) 있는 형태의 레이아웃 배열에서, 향상초점 성향의 소비자들은 생생함(Vividness)이 느껴지는 자유로운 레이아웃 배열로 제시되었을 때 제품 태도 및 구매 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다.

스마트폰을 대상으로 한 휴리스틱 및 프로스펙트 효과 분석: 프레이밍, 보유효과 및 조절초점 이론을 중심으로 (Analysis of the Heuristic Theory and the Prospect Theory for Smartphones: Focusing on Framing, Endowment Effect and Regulatory Focus Theory)

  • 김순홍
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - In the present study, it has become the most important necessity in our daily lives that consumers' psychological factors affect the use of smartphones, and it has been analyzed through behavioral economic approaches. In this respect, the present study is intended to apply the heuristic theory and the prospect theory among behavioral economics theories to examine how psychological factors affect consumers' product selection. Research design, data, and methodology - In the present study, using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, whether regulatory focus effects have interaction effects on behavioral economic theories and behavioral economic effects such as possession (ownership) effects, framing effects, and brand recollection. As an analysis method, questionnaire surveys conducted with university students in Incheon were examined through Two-Way ANOVAs using the SPSS23 package. Results - The analysis from the results are as follows. Using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, the main effects and interaction effects on two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and positive framing variable were statistically significant. Using repurchase as a dependent variable was statistically significant, there was no interaction effect between the two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and the difference of brands in possession. Using smartphone repurchase as a dependent variable, interaction effects on two variables; satisfaction difference with product functions and the lengths of product possession periods were not statistically significant. The results from the analyses of interaction effects of brand recollection and brands type were statistically significant in possession using repurchase as a dependent variable. The results from the analyses of the main effect of the brands type were statistically significant in possession using repurchase as a dependent variable. Conclusions - The implication of the present study is that it suggests the factors that became important for customers' smartphone purchase following the change in the meaning of smartphones from practical products in the past to hedonic products. Limitations of the present study are first, the study subjects are limited to students and the number of copies in questionnaires is only approximately 130, which is insufficient, so that the present study is not sufficient as a study for entire smartphone users.

모듈형 제품의 옵션 수가 소비자의 과잉혼란 지각에 미치는 영향 -조절초점, 제품친숙도, 자기효능감의 조절효과를 중심으로- (Study on Perceived Overload Confusion due to Modular Product's Option Size)

  • 김건
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.275-284
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    • 2017
  • 다양한 선택사항이 있는 모듈형 제품은 제품 구조나 배열 변경의 용이성을 장점으로 소비자들의 제품선택 폭을 확대해주고 맞춤형 제품의 구매기회를 제공해 준다. 또한 생산자로서의 소비자 역할을 수행케 함으로써 구매 후 부조화 감소와 제품 사용과정에서의 이용만족도도 높여 준다. 하지만 과도한 모듈화 또는 선택사항의 증가는 소비자들의 구매의사결정과정에서 정보량 과다에 따른 소비자의 과잉혼란을 유발하여 구매결정의 연기 및 포기하는 부정적 결과를 유발할 수도 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 선택 사항 즉 옵션 수에 따라 달라질 수 있는 과잉혼란의 지각 정도가 소비자들의 심리적 성향인 조절초점, 제품친숙도, 자기효능감 등에 의해 어떤 영향을 받는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 모듈형 제품의 옵션 수에 따른 과잉혼란 지각정도가 이들 세 가지 변수의 영향에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 3가지 조절효과 가설을 선행연구에 근거하여 도출하였다. 실험 결과 조절초점의 조절효과 검증에서는 향상초점 소비자에 비해 예방초점 소비자가 옵션 수 확장에 따른 과잉혼란을 더 크게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 제품친숙도와 자기효능감의 조절효과 검증에서는 이들 두 변수 모두 그 정도가 낮은 그룹이 높은 그룹에 비해 옵션 수 확장에 따라 과잉혼란을 더 크게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다.

혁신 서비스 이용 결정이 위험회피 성향 소비자의 선택에 미치는 영향 (The effect of the decision to use innovative services on the choice of consumers with a risk-averse tendency)

  • 박기경
    • 서비스연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.146-160
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    • 2023
  • 코로나 19로 인하여 비대면 서비스가 확산되면서 소비자의 구매행동에는 많은 변화가 일어나고, 여러 새로운 서비스도 주목받고 있다. 이렇게 갑작스레 변화된 환경으로 새로운 서비스를 경험하는 시도가 소비자의 기존 선택 행동의 형태를 변화시킬 수도 있을까? 특히 변화를 두려워하고 기존의 선택 경향을 고수하려는 소비자의 행동까지도 변화시킬 수 있다면 혁신 서비스 개발은 예상보다 더 많은 잠재 소비자를 획득할 수 있게 될 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 팬데믹 이후 나타난 언택트 서비스 중 하나인 무인 결제 서비스를 대상으로 혁신 서비스 이용 시도가 위험회피 성향을 가진 소비자의 기존 선택 행동에 변화, 즉 안전대안보다 위험대안을 선호할 가능성을 높이는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 탐색조사 결과에 따르면, 평소 위험회피 성향이 강할수록 혁신 서비스 사용에 대한 자기효능감은 낮아지는 부(-)의 관계가 나타났다. 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로 연구는 실험법을 사용하여 혁신 서비스 이용 여부와 소비자의 조절초점 간 상호작용과 심리적 기제를 함께 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 예방초점 소비자는 무인 결제 서비스 이용을 시도하는 조건에서 이용하지 않은 조건에 비하여 고위험 금융상품과 비유사 확장 브랜드에 대한 높은 선택가능성을 보였다. 이에 반하여 향상초점 소비자는 무인 결제 서비스 이용 시도 여부에 따른 차별된 선택 가능성을 보이지 않았다. 나아가 예방초점 소비자에게 나타난 이러한 선택 변화는 혁신 서비스에 대한 자기효능감이 심리적 기제로 작동하고 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 새로운 행동을 시도하는데 주저함이 많다고 알려진 위험회피 성향의 소비자의 행동 변화 조건을 밝혀 혁신 서비스의 잠재적 소비자층을 발견하고, 관련 시장의 확장 가능성을 보여주었다는 점에서 실무 및 학문적 시사점을 제안하였다.

The Effects of Goal Orientation Consciousness versus Unconsciousness on Consumers' Choice Tendency

  • CHOI, Nak-Hwan;CHEN, Fei
    • 산경연구논집
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.7-17
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study aimed at exploring the product choice tendency differences between the consciousness and unconsciousness of goal orientation when product attributes is perceived to be compatible with the goal orientation. Research design, data and methodology: Empirical study used a 2 (goal conscious vs. unconscious) × 3 (hedonic vs. performance vs. reliability attribute) between-subjects design and one control group. To verify hypotheses, χ2-test was conducted to 320 questionnaire data answered by undergraduate students of Jiangxi Normal University in China. Results: First, consumers under unconscious condition showed a higher product choice consistency based on compatibility between hedonic (performance) attribute of the product and their hedonic (performance) promotion goal-orientation than those under the conscious condition. Second, product choice effects of compatibility between reliability attribute of the product and prevention goal orientation were not significantly different between consumers' consciousness and unconsciousness of their prevention goal orientation. Conclusions: Marketers of 'under dog' should try to develop and deliver the product attributes different from the attributes of 'top dog.' And the 'top dog' marketers should help their customers to avoid the conflicts by developing the environment of inducing their goal orientation unconsciously. Brand marketers should always pay attention to the reliability attributes concerned with the prevention goal orientation.

일본의 다단계판매에 대한 법적 규제 (Legal Restrictions Japan's Multi - Level Marketing)

  • 윤성호;노규수
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제11권12호
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    • pp.742-752
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    • 2011
  • 다단계판매는 여러 유통과정 속에서 발생하는 유통비용을 줄이고 그 이익을 소비자에게 환원시키는 무점포 또는 점포 외의 공간을 전제로 하는 특수한 판매방식이다. 일본은 다단계판매에 대하여 특정상거래에 관한 법률 제33조 이하에서 연쇄판매업이라 정의하여 규제하고 있다. 그러나 다른 입법례와는 달리 연쇄판 매거래에 대하여 2원적 규제를 하고 있다. '특정상거래에 관한 법률'에서는 상품의 판매를 전제로 하는 연쇄판매거래를 원칙적으로 허용하면서 일정한 사항에 대해서는 제재를 하고 있다. 그러나 상품이 매개되지 않는 금융다단계조직은 '무한연쇄강의 방지에 관한 법률'에서 전면적으로 허용하지 않는다. 일본의 연쇄판매거래에 관한 규제는 정의규정이 매우 구체적이고 상세하며, 연쇄판매거래에 대해 구체적이고 상세하게 규제하는 방식을 취하고 있고, 사전규제의 완화와 사후규제에 초점을 맞추고 있고, 규제의 합리화를 꾀하는 등 우리나라의 규제방식에 시사하는 바가 크다.

유전자변형식품에 관한 세 가지 논의: 국제기준, 알권리, 대항 전문성 (Three Sides of Korean Genetically Modified Food Controversies: Global Standards, Right-to-know and Counter-experts)

  • 김효민;여재룡;유수형
    • 과학기술학연구
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.31-66
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    • 2011
  • 우리나라의 유전자변형식품에 관련된 사회 운동은 그동안 주로 표시제를 통해 소비자가 알권리와 선택할 권리를 보장해주어야 할 정부의 책임을 사회운동의 전면에 강조하는 방향으로 진행되었다. 실질적 동등성 개념에 기반을 두고 유전자 변형식품의 안전성을 평가하는 현행의 규제 방식에 대항적 전문성을 통하여 맞서고 비판하는 활동은 사회적으로 크게 확산되지 못하였다. 이 연구는 인터뷰와 문헌 조사를 통해 우리나라의 유전자변형식품에 관련된 논의에 참가한 세 그룹-규제 과학자, 시민단체, 대항 전문가-의 활동이 각각 현행 유전자변형식품 규제의 방식과 어떤 연관을 맺고 있는지 알아보았다. 대항 전문가들은 '국제기준 순응의 담론'의 생산자인 규제 과학자들과 충돌하면서 규제 형성의 과정에서 배제되었다. 이 연구는 우리나라의 유전자변형식품을 둘러싼 논란의 지형을 이해하기 위하여, 대항적 전문지식을 가진 행위자들이 다른 집단과 폭넓은 연대를 형성하지 못했던 과정과 맥락을 분석해 볼 필요가 있음을 제안한다.

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소비자의 자원고갈이 제품구색간 의사결정에 미치는 효과 (The Effect of Resource Depletion on Deciding on Product Assortments Size)

  • 조연진;박청규;임현우
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - Prior research has suggested that consumers typically prefer to have a larger number of options. However, preference of assortment size may depend on how depleted resources in consumers' mind are. Reduced capacity for self-regulation by resource depletion makes people rely on more intuitive and less effortful decision processing. When they are mentally depleted, people are likely to focus on the choice difficulty from large assortment, which leads to preference for the small assortment when they make a decision. It could be an important question potentially how being in a depleted mode through effortful self-regulation will influence on the evaluation of assortment size. To answer this questioner, we hypothesized that being engaged in self-regulation, as compared with not being engaged in self-regulation, will influence on the evaluation of product assortment size such as attractiveness, difficulty of choice, and anticipated regret. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we first manipulated self-regulatory resource availability using a self-regulation task (i.e., instructing participants to solve Sudoku puzzle vs. to solve diagram cube by filling any diagrams that they prefer into cube instead of number) and asked to indicate the difficulty of the tasks available to them ("How much difficulty did you feel when you complete the task?") Next, participants were asked to imagine that they were planning to buy a laptop at one of the two stores (small assortment: 6 options vs. large assortment: 30 options), both offering good quality of products. After reading the product descriptions, participants were instructed to consider all the information and choose a store that they would like to shop. Finally we measured the choice difficulty, evaluation of product assortments, and anticipated regret on a 7-point scale. We conducted two-way ANOVA in testing the main hypothesis that depleted consumers will show poorer subsequent self-control than non-depleted consumers when they make a decision in large assortment. Results - Compared with non-depleted participants, depleted participants showed the bigger difference from the degree of choice difficulty and product attractiveness between large and small assortments, but the result revealed only a significant interaction effect of resource depletion and assortment size on choice difficulty. Also depleted participants showed the smaller difference from the degree of anticipated regret between large and small assortments than non-depleted participants. Conclusion - Depleted individuals by a prior task are relatively effortless and intuitive form of choosing products so that they try to avoid making effortful trade-offs among choice difficulty such as large assortment, compare with non-depleted individuals. However, for anticipated regret, non-depleted individuals in small assortment anticipate more regret by excluding or at least restricting the possibility of buying attractive items or another kind of potential items than depleted individuals, regardless less choice difficulty in small option. To sum up, it is important to note that individuals are influenced by self-regulatory resources and their self-regulatory conditions contribute to the overall positive or negative impact of product assortment on choice.

단말기 번들링이 경쟁과 소비자후생에 미치는 효과 연구 (A Study on the Effects of Handset Bundling on Competition and Consumer Welfare)

  • 정석균
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제12권7호
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 2014
  • 단말기와 서비스의 번들링(bundling)이 단말기보조금의 홍역과 자원낭비 및 고가(高價)단말기-고(高)통신요금 구조의 악순환 등 국내 이동통신산업이 안고 있는 많은 문제점의 근본적인 원인임을 분석한다. 번들링은 시장의 투명성을 약화시켜 소비자가 가격혼동을 겪게 하고 단말기시장과 서비스시장의 독과점화를 심화시키며 서비스품질과 통신요금인하경쟁 대신 단말기보조금 지급 위주의 경쟁패턴을 초래한다. 이는 이동통신요금의 상승요인으로 작용하여 소비자후생을 저하시키고 가격차별로 인해 소비자간 형평성 문제를 야기한다. 이러한 문제의 근본적인 해결을 위해서는 단말기와 서비스의 번들링 해체가 필요함을 제기한다. 기존의 번들링을 허용하면서 단말기의 개별 판매를 추진하는 혼합번들링(mixed bundling)은 번들링이 우월적 전략(dominant strategy)이 되기 때문에 그 효과에 한계가 있음을 지적하고, 규제정책의 시사점으로 단말기와 서비스의 완전 분리가 필요함을 제시한다.

쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로 (Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers)

  • 박경원;박주영
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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