• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.109-125
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• 2021

China has achieved remarkable economic growth through an extended period of rapid industrialization. However, adverse environmental issues have become more prevalent during this time of development. In particular, car exhaust emissions in the country have become one of the most substantial causes of environmental degradation in China. To combat these issues, the Chinese government is actively implementing green car policies to mitigate the negative environmental concerns. Likewise, Chinese consumers' interest in green cars has also increasing. Despite these changes in consumer perceptions, research on Chinese consumers' green consumption behavior is still in its infancy. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted to measure the relationship between zhongyong(中庸) values, new ecological paradigm(NEP), and green consumption behavior for 334 Chinese consumers. As a result, the study found that the three sub-dimensions of zhongyong(中庸) values(multi-dimensionality, flexibility and compatibility) and NEP had a significantly positive(+) effect on the purchase intention of green cars. It was also found that NEP positively mediates the effect of flexibility and harmony on purchase intention of green cars. This study is expected to provide academic outcomes on China, which is currently the world's fastest growing green car market, as well as providing practical strategic implications for establishing unique green marketing strategy for China.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.865-874
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• 2020

In Vietnam, the airline service sector plays an important economic role. However, it is a complicated industry that is open to failures. Negative emotions are an essential variable for the airline service industry because they can trigger a variety of coping behaviors that affect consumer loyalty as well as the image and reputation of the airline service providers. However, negative emotions and the accompanying coping behaviors are often investigated partially or as separate issues, thus leading to an incomplete understanding. This study is conducted to fill this gap by proposing and testing the causal relationship between negative emotions (anger, frustration, regret) and coping behaviors (complaint, negative word-of-mouth (WOM), and switching intention) in the context of the airline industry. Eight research hypotheses are tested. Using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 587 passengers in Vietnam, the empirical results show that anger and frustration influence complaints, negative WOM, and switching intention, while regret leads to switching intention and negative WOM. Thus, the research has important academic and practical implications. The empirical outcome could be of major importance for airline companies in planning to provide new services and achieve high performance in the long run.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.478-493
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the online WOM effect of blog review depending on brand awareness and message direction. The theory of planned behavior was applied to understand online WOM acceptance. A survey was conducted targeting female in 20s and 30s and 312 questionnaires were used for analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS ver. 18.0. The results are as follows. First, purchase intention and online re-WOM intention are higher when brand awareness is higher. Second, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, WOM acceptance intention, purchase intention and off-line re-WOM intention show higher values when negative information is afforded. Third, in type 1 (high brand awareness/positive message) and type 3 (low brand awareness/positive message), attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on WOM acceptance intention. In type 2 (high brand awareness/negative message), subjective norm and attitude have a positive effect on WOM acceptance intention. In type 4 (low brand awareness/negative message), subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on WOM acceptance intention. Forth, in type 1 and type 3, WOM acceptance intention has a positive effect on purchase intention, offline re-WOM intention and online re-WOM intention. In type 2 and type 4, WOM acceptance intention has a negative effect on purchase intention, and a positive effect on offline re-WOM intention. The results show that blog review has ripple effect on consumer behavior by affecting purchase intention and offline re-WOM intention.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.167-181
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• 2012

This study analyzed consumer's harsh complaining behaviors and firm's reactions toward consumers' harsh complaining behavior, and investigated the differences in the firms' reactions according to the characteristics of counselors and customer service centers. In addition, this study attempted to find a strategy and provide guidance regarding consumer's harsh complaining behaviors. The results of this study are discussed below. First, consumer's harsh complaining attitudes were expressed by crude language, violent language, threats, personal attacks, and claims of a high-ranking social position. Consumer's directive, complaining behaviors were repeated on the telephone, and threats of prosecution or disclosure to the public, exposure of habitual product returns, and requests for interviews with superiorsat the representative firm were made. Second, a firm typologies according to its reaction style toward a consumer's harsh complaining behaviors were as follows: Group 1, having a neutral attitude toward consumers and preparation thoroughly regarding their demands; Group 2, having a negative attitude toward consumers and some degree of preparation toward consumers' demands; and finally, Group 3, having a positive attitude toward consumers but offering insufficient reparation regarding consumers' demands. Third, female counselors, counselors having a certified counselor's license, and those much experience working in labor work were more likely to be in Group 3. Male counselors, part-time counselors, and those having experience of many years were more likely to be in Group 2. Group 1 were more likely to have large number of workers at customer service centers, male counselors, and to have large numbers of educational training programs related to the reactions of consumers in the form of dissatisfaction, complaints, how to offer compensation for injuries to consumers, and issues related to PL(product liability). In addition, Group 1 also had more firm level welfare policies related to hight stress levels of consumer counselors and extra types of support regarding harsh consumers. However, Group 2 members were more likely to provide excessive compensation and rewards to harsh consumers. Finally, to react to consumer's harsh complaint efficiently, it was suggested that firms should not treat consumers as harsh consumers, should react to consumers' complaints sincerely, and should take precautionary management efforts as regards consumer dissatisfaction based on better quality control of products. In addition, it was deemed necessary to formulate a management strategy to train competent consumer counselors with a high quality of counselor skill, having standardized and consistent reaction guidance toward consumer complaints and thorough knowledge of compensation rules for consumer injuries and subsequent guidance.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.59-78
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• 2010

This paper tries to apply the asymmetrical price transmission(APT) behavior observed in the agricultural industry to supply chains of the domestic fishery industry by a statistical manner. The fore mentioned asymmetrical price transmission refers to when price movements in the later stage of the supply chain do not move in a normal or symmetrical manner corresponding to price movements in the earlier stage of the supply chain. Therefore, when the earlier stage price increase and the later stage price increases to a larger degree, it is called positive(+) asymmetry and the opposite behavior is called negative(-) asymmetry. The study examines the data from domestic producers of three fresh fish types, hairtail, mackerel, and cuttlefish, and tries to examine the price asymmetry between the producer or farm, wholesaler, and retail prices via an APT test utilizing unit root, cointegration, and error correction model. The study found, hairtail wholesale and retail pricing bas a negative asymmetric relationship while mackerel has a negative asymmetric pricing relationship at the producer and retail levels of the supply chain. In the case of cuttlefish, all levels of the supply chain showed negative asymmetrical behavior in the supply chain price transmission, meaning the earlier stage price changes are more rapidly and greatly inputted in the later stage of the supply chain pricing. We believe that the reason why the analysis results show negative price asymmetry is due to the uniqueness of fishery products having an important variable such as freshness. If price increases are greater and quicker than price decreases, then consumer demand, which is sensitive to price increases will decrease and subsequently result in the increase of inventory levels, reducing profits for retailers. Also, frozen hairtail, mackerel, and cuttlefish will act as substitute goods to fresh fishery products. Therefore, fresh fishery products have a high demand of price elasticity. When prices increase, demand quickly decreases. Therefore the profit of wholesalers and retailers to decrease, I think this is the main reason of APT in the supply chain of Korea' s fisheries industry.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6097-6120
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• 2019

Online consumer reviews (OCRs) provide product information and recommendations especially pictures in reviews depict the true information about the product. This study investigates the influence of pictured reviews on online seller (for a particular product of a seller) rating with moderating effect of price, brand type (foreign vs local), goods type (experience vs search), and brand familiarity. Multiple robust linear regression analysis with moderation interaction and quadratic effect used to explain the relationship of the explanatory variables with the criterion variable. We collected cross-sectional data from the two most renowned Chinese online shopping platforms (B2C) of total 15,621 product links. Results show that higher number of reviews with a low ratio of picture reviews response negative effect on rating, whereas the lower number of reviews with a high ratio of picture reviews response positive effect on the rating. In overall picture in the reviews improve the online seller product rating. For the moderation effect, results show that price and brand familiarity have a positive interaction effect on the relation of pictured reviews and rating whereas experience goods have less negative effect comparing search goods. Finally, local brand has less negative interaction effect comparing foreign brand to pictured reviews and rating.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.129-147
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• 2004

This study is to investigate extensively the negative word-of-mouth responses and intentions of the public library users. It selects and analyzes empirically some of the antecedents of the complaining behaviors including severity of dissatisfaction attitude toward complaining, difficulty of the complaining, likelihood of success, product/service importance, external attributions, loyalty, and former experience of complaining. Final data through questionaries are obtained from 497 unsatisfied adult public library users in Taegu Metropolitan City, 443 of them analysed with SPSS 12.0 for Windows.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.428-439
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• 2016

It becomes undeniable trends that offline shopping stores operate their own online shopping stores too. The multi-channel shopping stores like this allow consumers to have much choices to shop from either offline channel or online channel. This trend, however, also opens new research issues. Especially, we have found from literature survey that a new research model is necessary for more in-depth study of the consumer behavior analysis in the multi-channel trends like this, where those constructs such as offline trust, uncertainty, switching cost, and individual negative emotion are considered. It is noted, especially in the multi-channel environments, that uncertainty and switching cost need to be considered, and that individual tends to feel negative emotion much more. By relying on 406 valid questionnaires, we obtained empirical results such that switching cost and offline trust have a positive effect on continuance intention, and uncertainty tends to increase switching cost. Individual negative emotion also affects continuance intention significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.250-261
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• 1999

This study is designed to classify consumer groups based on their perception toward department store credit cards and the behavior they exhibit during the purchase of clothing. This classification is based on the study of factors taken into consideration during shopping and disparities in credit cared usage., The specific goals of this study are the following : First it is to classify female consumers over age 20 into "shopping orientation" types and "clothing purchase behavior" types according to their perception towards department store credit care usage. Second it is to discover the degree of perceived utility of department store credit card in clothing purchases. Third finally it is to assist a department store credit card market researcher establish a marketing strategy to best address consumers; needs and wants in credit card purchases The study methodology utilized and the results found were that : 1. The division of consumers into positive and negative groups based on factor analysis with the positive group found to have favorable attitudes towards department store credit card usage. 2. Classification of female consumers into three " shopping orientations" : fashion purchasing economic value purchasing and convenience purchasing. The positive group were predominantly fashion convenience purchasers who valued low cost and convenience over "fashionability" 3. The three classes of "purchase behavior" used were impulse buying planned buying and unplanned buying. The positive group those who had favorable attitudes toward department store credit cards. made mostly impulse and unplanned purchases while the negative group made largely planned purchasee the negative group made largely planned purchase.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

This study was conducted to propose a marketing solution for overseas online direct purchase market customer's relatively low satisfactory level in services provided, compared to that in domestic market. From the investigation, we have obtained the following results. First, relationships between regret level, regret effort, and repetition intention support that attitudes toward purchasing may be different when the regret is settled. Second, consumer's innovativeness is very important as a leading variable for regret. Third, unlike consumer regret previously known to lead dissatisfaction and negative behavior, regret also can cause repetitive purchasing through different regretting processes.