• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.34
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• pp.197-217
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• 2014

The 1920s and 1930s ushered in "the golden age" of Chinese comics when the comics flourished. Satirical cartoons in modern Chinese comics were popular due to emotional instability and war caused by foreign powers. Among many popular comics, this paper analyzes in the 1920s and in the 1930s which were made into films and dramas. Chapter Two shows that China in the Republican era of China expanded its consumer culture into some sectors like films, novels, magazines and fashion in the 1920s and 1930s. However, more than any other things, this chapter considers from the historical perspective "the golden age" of comics including comic magazine in the 1930s and a history of comic magazines that gained popularity with conventional and common story. Chapter Three explains that social satire cartoons were in vogue since the May Fourth Movement and anti-imperialistic and semi-feudalistic stories in the 1920s were realized in life. It also says that comics that describes the negative sides of its society were popular. Ye QianYu, a cartoonist, portrayed many facets of Shanghai through : the daily life of the middle and lower classes, bureaucratic corruption and sympathy for the working class. drawn by Zhang LePing describes the unfair social system between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and the gap between the rich and poor through the main character, the powerless and poor orphan. and lampooned the reality of its time in an objective, witty and humorous way in terms of ethics and economy respectively. The researcher chooses to study and which are very familiar to us, because good cartoons, animations and movies stimulate the feelings about our surroundings.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-48
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• 2015

This study is public R & D institutions report to verify what the impact factors on the course of progress of industrialization based on technology companies who previously received prior to the developed technology, what policies and plans for the next requirements based on this by offering the implications for business rate was to contribute to the improvement of the public research institution technology transfer. In this study, the influence factors on technology commercialization derived through the analysis of existing and previous studies, the characteristics of the previously received corporate environmental characteristics and previous technologies through a survey of the company received a technology transfer from public research institutions commercialization decisions and contributions, including sales and commercialization of the results were analyzed by logistic regression analysis demonstrated how to have relevance. Analysis, and linkage with high production company has an existing case of IT technology transfer, commercialization of higher technical success rate was higher compatibility. On the other hand, were observed and expected success rate were higher when a rather commercialized technologies independently be earlier than if participating in joint research in the development of the technology, unlike previously, completeness of the prior art did not significantly affect. This study has the following policy implications. Public research institutions have developed technologies are commercialized to figure out what the requirements of the technical aspects of consumer technologies in order to create economic wealth. And for technology commercialization for enough technical competencies to absorb the technology, and that the technology and considering the link between business and technology commercialization success to be applied. This study has some limitations. First, the sample size was not sufficient. In relation to the presence and participation of corporate success and commercialization of the R & D process, with many previous studies are needed more in-depth analysis by leading research in the sense that different results are obtained. Also did not reflect the will or the corporate culture, management and organizational skills and belongs to the external environment and internal corporate enterprises industry characteristics affecting the success of corporate management of the business. And lacked sufficient consideration of the various technical characteristics present in the form of joint research and industry. Finally, there is a limit of generalizations about other industries.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.69
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• pp.71-110
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• 2015

Beyond the technological behaviorism-oriented notion of prosumers, the current study explores the question of digital creative labour of the youth in the interrelated context of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal ethos of selfhood. This analysis is situated particularly in the social conflicts and struggles in Korea, where the problems related to the precarization of the younger generation have been increasingly aggravated (in the realm of embodied reality) whereas their digital activities have been highly expressive (in the realm of mediated reality). The contradictions embedded in the question of the labour of the youth are delineated in the respect of the subjectivities of young free labour, or 'digital creative labour' in proposed terms: the precarious young free labour in Korea is the compound of social fragmentation, economic polarization, expansion of cognitive and emotion labour, boom of hedonistic consumerism, economic-cultural celebration of creativity and self-entrepreneurship, technological saturation of digital media, subjective/collective affects around excitement and ambition but also of anxiety and fear. The ambivalence and complexity of the young free labour is converged at the emergence of homo-economicus (Michel Foucault) through the subjectivation of the social (con)fusion of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal governmentality of selfhood.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1087-1093
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• 2011

The mixotrophic marine ciliate Mesodinium rubrum possesses a highly modified algal endosymbiont as a nutrition source for the species. Accordingly, we assumed that the species can reflect the ecotoxicity on marine producer (as phytoplankton) and consumer (as zooplankton) both. A series of experiments were conducted to identify the potential of the species as a standard test species for marine ecotoxicological study. The comparison of species sensitivity on reference toxic materials was made using potassium dichromate for phytoplankton and copper chloride for zooplankton. The ciliate revealed the highest sensitivity on both reference materials among the seven test species including phytoplankton, benthic copepod and rotifer species. The toxicity end point of the species was 72hr-$EC_{50}$=1.52 mg/L (as potassium dichromate) estimated by population growth inhibition (PGI), which is more sensitive than the most sensitive phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum (72hr-$EC_{50}$=3.05 mg/L). As comparison to rotifer, it also revealed higher sensitivity on copper chloride; 72hr-$EC_{50}$=0.38 mg/L for ciliate and 48hr-$EC_{50}$=0.48 mg/L for rotifer. Also, the elutriate toxicity test of various ocean disposal wastes were conducted to identify the potential of ciliate toxicity test application using industrial waste sludges. The toxicity of leather processing waste sludge was highest on the ciliate, followed by dyeing waste sludge and dye production waste sludge as an increasing order of toxicity. 72h-$EC_{50}$ of ciliate PGI test was 1.83% and that of S. costatum 3.84% for leather waste sludge which showed highest toxicity. The toxicity test results also revealed that the highest sensitivity was observed on ciliate species on ocean disposed sludge wastes. Also, ciliate toxicity test well discriminated the degree of toxicity between sludge sources; 72h-$EC_{50}$ values were 1.83% for leather processing waste sludge, 16.75% for dye production waste sludge and 27.75% for textile production waste sludge. Even the laboratory culture methods of the species were not generally established yet, the species has high potential as the standard test species for marine toxicity test in terms of the dual reflection of phyto- and zooplankton toxicity from single test, sensitivity and test replicability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.29
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• pp.5-22
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• 1996

the present thesis aims to contribute to the further development of the men's wear indus-try in Korea which now confronts the need to adjust itself more actively to the conditions of the coming age of internationalization and free trade. To achieve this this thesis suggests the trade should provide for the changing domestic needs on theone hand and refine its wares as high value-added products in compe-tition with those from the advanced countries in fashion industry on the other, The history of the 'suit' the standard men's attire dates back to 1850 when the 'Ditto suit' was introduced composed of coat waist coat vest and trousers to remain virtually unchanged till the end of the nineteenth cen-tury and the modern men's wear originated in Britain. In Korea since the introduction of western clothes from 1876 custom-made suits had been dominant until 1944 while western clothes earned popular currency between 1945 and 1964 and ready-made suits began to spread with their advantages recognized in terms of practicality convenience and functionality The next phase from 1965 to 1985 witnessed the establishment of a number of ready-made brands although custom-made suits stayed in their height of prosperity until 1975. The turn-ing point for the men's wear industry came in 1975 when high-calss ready-made brands be-gan to turn up with the arrival of large companies in the market matching the change in consumers' life style. The men's wear market went through further diversification and specialization dur-ing the years between 1985. and 1990. Around the year 1990 however the expansion of the business suit industry came to slow down ac-companied by an oversupplied market. The fashion of pragmatism in the 1990s called for the growth of the casual wear department and as consumers' life style became more and more individualized conscious dressing in accord ance with T.P.O established itself as an important branch of culture, Such casual boom is likely to aid in promoting Korea's men's wear indus-try to peer with that of advanced countries. Consumers' fashion sense is now ahead of the trade's as well as being shortcycled highly individualized stylized and diversified. To meet consumers' demands under such circum-stances each company is required to develop its unique soft Know How based on accurate information and strategically specialized plan-ning. The trade should convert its hithero producer-oriented strategy to a new consumer oriented one and actively lead the needs and purchasin g pattern of consumers by providing an efficient and reasonable price policy with optimum supply of merchandise and also by presenting 'our' trend suited to our circum-stances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2017

We developed the breeding materials with diverse grain size and shape in japonica rice. Grain size and shape are important factors affecting consumer preference and choice. However, most of Korean japonica rice cultivars have small, short, and round grain. To diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice, we conducted the breeding program using donor parents, Jizi1560 and Jizi1581. Jizi1560 and Jizi1581 are japonica germplasm with extremely large grain. Four crosses between the each donor parents and high yielding japonica rice cultivars, Deuraechan and Boramchan, were constructed and then anther culture method was applied. We obtained 290 doubled-haploid (DH) lines with appropriated morphological traits and selected 91 DH lines with diverse grain size and shape. The grain related-traits of the selected DH lines showed a higher diversity when compared with 319 cultivars developed by NICS (264 japonica, 13 black, and 32 Tongil type cultivars). We designated the selected DH lines, four parents, and Daeripbyeo 1, large grain japonica cultivar, as the breeding materials for further analysis. The breeding materials were classified into five groups, A to E, based on the grain-related traits. Group A (including Jizi1581) and Group B (including Daeripbyeo 1) showed similar grain width, whereas Group A exhibited longer grain length and heavier grain weight. Group C (including Deuraechan and Boramchan) showed shorter and rounder grain shape and smaller grain size than any other groups. Group D including solely Jizi1560 had extremely large grain, such as the longest grain length, width, and thickness and heaviest grain weight. Group E including only two DH lines had long and slender grain shape, so that showed the highest ratio of length to width. The grain size and shape of the breeding materials exhibited beyond the characteristics of previously developed Korean japonica cultivars. The breeding materials will be applied in the breeding programs to diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-133
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• 2018

Since the beginning of the millennium, 'Maker Movement' has been active throughout the world. Today, there is a maker fair every year in major cities of the world including Seoul, and the number of attendees is increasing day by day, so it can be seen as a kind of maker 'phenomenon'. The positive implication of the maker's movement is that it attempts to break down the monopoly of manufacturing and to restore the rights and capabilities of citizens as makers. Today, highly developed industrial capitalism has a tendency to structurally paralyse citizens, to tie their hands and feet, and to degenerate into consuming entities only. Therefore, it can be said that the maker movement has structural tensions in the relationship of neoliberal manufacturing culture. This study is an attempt to actively interpret the maker movement in terms of "critical making". The maker movement can trace its origins to "counterculture" and "new communalism" that emerged in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. On the other hand, there is criticism that the maker movement can fall into another technology utopianism and function as an area of consumer society, and mobilize it in the direction of activating consumerism. Although the maker's movement is amorphous due to its characteristics and it is currently in progress, it is difficult to make crude definition yet. However, as the citizens who have been defined only as consumers of science and technology, are newly emerging as producers of makers, there have been great changes in the topography of science and technology and civil society. So the scientific implication of the maker movement is great in that it shows the possibility of causing it.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.7
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• pp.7-36
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• 2009

This paper intends to examine the significance of the "Minjoong Misool(People's art)" of the 1980s emerged in Korea in its social, cultural, and art historical context. This paper also aims to provide an analysis of the meaning and form of the individual artist's works, which have been overlooked under the dominant discourse that has emphasized their political role as a collective group. In particular, this paper scrutinizes the work of "Critical Realists" by examining the way in which they perceived Korean society in the early 1980s and visualized their experiences of the period. The figurative art newly emerged in the early 1980s challenged the formalist Modernism, which was adopted into Korea and translated into monochrome paintings and the work of the conversative academicism of the 1970s. The figurative art encouraged a social communication and moreover it intended to criticize the conflicts in the political, economical, and social domains in Korea. The targets of its critique include the unavoidable results of the unprecedented development of economy, various social phenomena of the post-industrial society, and the growth of the commercialized kitsch culture. Along with Shin, Hak-chul's work that incorporates collage technique since the 1980s, the work of some members of "Reality and Utterance" and "Im- sul-nyun" exemplify their critical interests in disclosing the false dream of wealth and happiness by both referring to and drawing on the utopian fantasy manipulated and distributed by mass media and commercial advertisements. This paper pays particular attention to Nouvelle Figuration emerged in France and Europe during the 1960s, which is comparable to the new figurative art emerged in Korea during the 1980s. Nouvelle Figuration criticized the autonomy in art isolated itself from political and social reality after WWII, in particular the indifference of Informel and abstract art as well as American abstract art. Moreover it became rather politicized around May of 1968. Given that French Nouvelle Figuration was introduced in Korea in 1982 and made a significant contribution to the formation of figurative art in Korea, it should be noted that the new figurative art emerged in the 1980s in Korea cannot be categorized merely in relation to People's Art. This paper intends to critically redress the notion that People's art was formed in the particular political, economical, and cultural context of Korea independent of the contemporary artistic practices outside Korea. It will provide a critical examination and analysis of the content and form of the new figurative art, from which People's Art was germinated, in the global context.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

Publication Industry of scientific technology is showing tendency of decreasing in sales, which clearly draws down curve since 2000. The printing culture is declining whether it is because of trend avoiding pure science or technological science and engineering, advancement of mass media or increasing frequency of using internet. Nevertheless, researcher considered car industry in publication industry as a life-long purpose for study. For this reason, the researcher tried to find the variables of the marketing which give impact on the customers such as student group and consumer who buys cars, when buying professional books. The found variables are expected to have a huge impact on the publication industry of professional books. As a result of research, in the area of the vision and motive, most said that they have "chosen a major in car because they liked car in usual base." In the stage of recognizing the problem, they buy the books when it is inevitably necessary. In the stage of searching for the information, they get information from advertisements, friends, professors, internet or sales clerk in book stores. In the stage of evaluation, they look for the title and the publication date of the books. In addition, in the stage of deciding purchase, "buy immediately" was the most frequent answer while impulsive purchase is the least frequent answer. In the stage of evaluating after purchase, many of them mostly are satisfied with their purchase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.163-182
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was intended to analyze artistic formativeness represented in the modern fashion design materials. Nowadays the modern fashion design materials is characterized by variety. The fashion materials the most important of fashion is called a softwear in textile industry and emerged as a new field. Fashion design also escaped from the tra-ditional restraint and extended to pursue lib-eral clothes and the designer's creative inten-tion has resulted in conceptual and conven-tional alteration as a new mode of plastic ex-preseeion. As a results of analysis of the formative fea-ture of Art style represented in the modern fashion design materials. First Surrealism had been searching for a new way of confronting a social and rtistic environment that was stifling and repugnant to them. Accordingly the wide applicaytion of the various object due to the thought of Sur-realism through the modern fashion materials brought the diversification and individua-lization of the modern fashion design. Second Pop Art that is made modern mech-anic culture and commercialism brought the great transformation in the history of Art out of the existing style and the sense of ex-pression. And the plastic characteristics of Pop Art that has a gravity as modern fashion materials on a them of the elements of popular consumer's society. That is the common and cheap objects were introduced into fashion materials itself or pat-tern. Third Minimalism is a trend in art att-empting to seek essence of the object by presenting simple and disciplined expressions by minimal formative means. The features of external form are simplicity clarity unrelated composition and symmetrical structure. Mini-malism was a quest for basic elements repre-senting the fundamental esthetic values of art. The minimal expression in modern fashion materials mean fabrics with simple surface and is contained using simple geometric pattern or utilizing textiles without any patterns. Fourth Eroticism is a kind of psychological revolution in the development of human civilization and is deeply rooted in the cultural tradition of myth religion customs and art. So Eroticism must be distinguished from a mere animal reproduction. These erotic char-acteristics were holded the meanings of sexu-ality through the modern fashion materials. Especially it was expressed the sexual part of body was nakedly showed through trans-parent materials or semitransparent like metalic and opaque materials. Recently the various kinds of new materials such as paper vinyle plastic metal as well as human body were applied to new fashion de-sign. First of all the new materials will give modern fashion designers stimuli and inspi-ration. It can also express values of moderners to despise materialism and uniformed modern society and to recover humanity and self-actualization.