• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

This study examined in detail the Japanese system of redressing consumers' losses and the overall consumer administrative system and compared them with the Korean counterpart to seek for a direction of reforming the systems. Several policy suggestions could be made as follows to activate the systems and improve the performances of the consumer administration in both Japan and Korea. First, in Japan, consumer center must be efficiently operated while private consumer groups, firms, consumer agencies and other organizations must actively join to actively redress consumers' losses and implement other consumer policies. Second, in Korea, regional consumer policies are weak so that they must learn Japanese well-developed regional consumer administration system by examining their current development, strengths, and weaknesses. Third, working conditions must be urgently improved, increasing the number of consumer counselors who are involved in consumer policies as well as to guarantee minimum level of their payment. On the other hand, the trend of hiring married and old employees being responsible for implementing consumer policies in Japan must be improved. Fourth, divisions of works in consumer policies among consumer groups as well as their specialization in Korea are necessary. Finally, as counseling of consumers through internet were not available in Japan, that type of counseling must introduce and become more popular in the future.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.4 s.82
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• pp.103-116
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• 2006

This study reviews trends of Japanese consumer policies, with particular attention to the situations of operating local consumer centers, in an effort to find ways to develop rapidly changing local consumer administration practices in Japan. Budget cut on consumer administration by the Japanese government has resulted in a reduction of consumer centers in Todohuken, while new consumer policy, which seeks greater consumer independence, has encouraged civil consumer groups' participation in consumer administration. In particular, entrustment of consumer centers to civil groups has increasingly stimulated more region-oriented local consumer policies and enhanced the efficiency of consumer administration. To activate local consumer administration, it seems necessary to provide assistance to entrusted civil groups, strengthen business regulations of Todohuken administration, and ensure more effective operation practices of civil consumer groups.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-190
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• 1998

This study reviewed both consumer movement and consumer policy of government in Japan. Their evolution since the Second World War will be reviewed and compared multiple periods, after the Second World war till the late 1960s, the period of the 1970s, the period after 1980s. In addition, firms' consumer satisfaction policies were briefly reviewed in order to fully understand consumer protection activities in japan. This study found four major characteristics of consumer protection activities led by both voluntary consumer organizations and government. First, consumer protection policy of government in Japan after the late 1960s was more active than that of consumer movement by consumer organizations. Second, major concerns for consumer protection were variant over time. The major goal in the first stage of period(during the 1960s) was to protect consumer safety from defective and dangerous goods and services, whereas the goal after the late 1970s was extended to cover various areas concerning the quality of life. Those areas refer to the quality of services, the way of sales and marketing, pollution of environment, and the quality of consuming life. Third, this study found that computer networks, aiming at collecting and analyzing the very useful to improve the consuming life of Japanese by providing sufficient consumer information to encourge rational choices of consumers. Forth, a close cooperation between the central and local administrations was crucial for the successful outcome In Japan This paper gives us useful guideline regarding how to improve consumer movement and govemments' policies for protecting consumer in Korea. In addition, other lessons on successful consumer satisfaction policies of Japanese firms may enable Korean firms to shape effective consumer policies of enhancing their competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study investigated and compared the tasks peformed by Consumer Agencies in Korea and Japan. It also investigated the variables influencing evaluation scores on consumer tasks. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, Japanese counselors were predominantly older, married females in contrast to the predominance of relatively young, single, male, Korean consumer counselors. In Korea, most consumer tasks were performed by Consumer Agencies in Seoul while internet counseling was popular. In addition, 13 counselors belong to Korean Consumer Agencies while 80 worked in the Korea Consumer Protection Board. In Japan, consumer tasks were peformed by Consumer Centers located broadly across the nation but no internet counseling was provided, while the average number of consumer counselors per Consumer Center was 8. The average number of consumer counseling sessions per day was greater in Korea than in Japan while the average monthly income was higher in Japan than in Korea. Second, evaluation of the tasks performed by Consumer Agencies revealed that the Korean Consumer Agencies scored higher performance than their Japanese counterparts. Third, the degree of job satisfaction significantly influenced evaluation scores in both consumer counseling tasks and provision of consumer information in Korea. In Korea, among the tasks concerning consumer education, job-training education was a significant variable while the number of Korean counselors in Consumer Agencies positively influenced scores on activities concerning consumer movement and alliance with other agencies. However, the degree of job satisfaction among counselors positively and significantly influenced evaluation scores in tasks concerning consumer counseling, provision of consumers'information, and consumer education. On the other hand, the number of counselors in Japanese Consumer Centers influenced the evaluation scores on tasks concerning consumer policy, consumer survey, and consumer campaign.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.143-162
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the policy framework about "Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE)" of Japan, and analyzes reasons why the policy goal was not reached. The QQE was introduced by the Bank of Japan in 2013 with the purpose of meeting the price stability target of 2% and getting out of deflation that prevents sustained price decline. However, despite the implementation of the bold monetary easing policy unprecedented in the world, the policy goal was not achieved as of June 2018. As a result of analyzing the causes, the following three structural factors were confirmed. 1) The rise in prices by QQE was limited because Japan's consumer price is strongly depending on import price. 2) The effect is high degree of uncertainty and limited because theoretical framework of reflationist which adopted QQE depends on "expectation formation" by "self-fulfilling expectation" and "multiple equilibria". 3) It was confirmed that the expansion of the monetary base did not lead to money stock due to the existence of Japanese liquidity trap, long-term low interest rate policy.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2009

This paper reviewed laws and policies of renewable energy in Japan and China. Japan has enacted laws and implemented policies of renewable energy since 1980 for their energy security and environmental problem, and nowadays renewable energy is one of solutions for UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. Japan plays a leading role in photovoltaic power generation. As second largest energy consumer, China generates a lot of pollution from their energy use. However Chinese government attempts to sustainable development among economy, society and environment, suggests to use renewable energy in the way to reduce pollution and improve living standards. Korea focused on renewable energy as one of motive power in Green Growth. Review for renewable energy policy of two countries gives Korean policy implication and helps "Green Growth", national theme of Korea.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

This study is an online survey for consumers in the metropolitan areas of Japan and Korea, which are advanced countries in Asia, and the maturity of the automobile market. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of Korea and Japan. As a result of this study, we analyzed the differences between the consumer characteristics and the optional attribute factors of low-carbon automobiles of Korea. There was a difference. It was found that the factors of low carbon car selection attribute differed with age, and that stability was more important when selecting low carbon car as income level increased. In Japan, there were no differences in the selection attribute factors of low carbon cars by gender, age and income. In addition, there is no difference in the relationship between the future purchase timings of low-carbon car types in both Korea and Japan. Implications of this study Korea has a meaningful result that Korea tends to select low-carbon automobiles with an emphasis on economic aspects and ages, and that safety tends to emphasize safety of low-carbon automobiles according to income levels. In the case of low carbon car, there was a tendency to select a low carbon car without any difference in consumer characteristics. The relationship between the expected purchase time according to the type of low carbon car and the Korean car show that the preferred car within the next 10 years among the low carbon car types is electric car and Japan prefers hybrid car.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.133-146
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• 2017

In recent years, the development and market participation of major makers of next-generation eco-green vehicles has been accelerating. Consumer interest has also increased. Consumer characteristics, consumption type, characteristics of next-generation eco-friendly vehicles, and government policies on next eco-green vehicles. The results of this study are as follows. In Korea, there was no significant difference by gender, age, monthly average income, and consumer type. However, there was no significant difference in purchase intention by gender, age, and monthly income, Respectively. In the case of Japan, there was no significant difference by gender, age, monthly income, and consumer type. In Korea, on the other hand, images such as brand, color, and design have positive effects on eco-friendly vehicles. In the case of Japan, image and stability have a positive effect on consumers' purchasing behavior. Therefore, it is important for Japanese consumers to consider not only the image of purchasing an eco-friendly vehicles, but also the safety of the vehicles body, appear. In the case of Korea, the socio-environmental value-seeking type has a significant relationship with the purchasing intention. In the case of socio-environmental value-seeking type, the government's support policy such as carbon dioxide tax, direct support from the national or local governments, gasoline tax, Carbon tax and fuel related tax relief showed positive effects. In the case of Japan, the price-seeking type and the socio-environmental value-seeking type were found to have a significant relationship with the purchasing intention. Both the price-seeking type and the socio-environmental value-seeking type showed that the carbon dioxide tax, Direct support, gasoline tax, gasoline tax, and carbon tax, etc. have positive effects.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-101
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• 2016

Since 2009, China has become biggest automobile supplier and consumer all over the world. Chinese government and automobile firms have been executed strategic and aggressive industry policy and business strategy for nurturing automobile industry as a core manufacturing industry. However, can we assure that all of these policy and strategy have positive effect on Chinese automobile industry? For fulfilling this gab, our research examined the government policy and firm's strategy in different development stage of Chinese automobile industry. According to research result, at initial stage(1983-1996), Chinese automobile industry has grown by technological learning and reverse engineering from Soviet Union, Japan and Germany. In rapid growing stage(1996-2009), Chinese automobile firms have succeed to develop and produce own brand product with 100% own technology. And this kind of quantum jump in technology development was conducted by joint venture policy and M&A strategy. However, at the fourth stage(2010-), Chinese government and firms have over invested and focused on Electric Vehicle manufacturing without developing core technology or SW. Overall, the old-fashioned policy and strategy module in manufacturing industry of China could have negative effect on its industry development.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.620-639
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• 2005

In terms of loan transactions, mortgage volume secured by housing in Korea is the most important market share. Hitherto housing finance policies are treated as a kind of property pricing policy. So it is time to import financial systems on behalf of the mortgage loan consumers like a mortgage broker. A mortgage broker is an intermediary that brings a borrower and a creditor together to obtain a mortgage loan. The broker takes the application, performs a financial and credit evaluation, produces documents, and closes the loan. Especially mortgage brokers present themselves as specifically acting in the interest of the consumer by shopping on behalf of the consumer for the best product that meets the consumer's needs and financial circumstances. The paper investigates the economic role of mortgage broker, foreign systems focused on USA, UK, Japan, and characteristics of Korean housing finance markets. Finally the paper provides policy recommendations about Korean mortgage broker system composed of licensing type, uniform professional practice standard, educational requirements.