• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.505-521
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of consumer confusion on shopping fatigue and negative purchasing behaviors in an internet shopping environment. Further, the effects of shopping fatigue on negative purchasing behaviors were analyzed. The survey was conducted among consumers in their 20s and 40s in the Seoul metropolitan area who had experience of purchasing fashion products through internet shopping. A total of 392 questionnaire were analysis, with frequency, reliability, factor, correlation, and regression analysis completed using the SPSS statistics program. The results of the study showed that consumer confusion and shopping fatigue in internet shopping environment affected negative purchasing behaviors. First, consumer confusion comprised overload confusion, similarity confusion, and ambiguity confusion. It was found that overload confusion and similarity confusion significantly affected shopping fatigue. Second, shopping fatigue significantly affected negative purchasing behaviors, and an increased level of shopping fatigue result in, increased purchase delay and non-purchase behavior. Third, consumer confusion (overload confusion, similarity confusion, ambiguity confusion) significantly affected purchase delay behavior, while similarity confusion and ambiguity confusion significantly affected non-purchasing behavior. These results will provide useful data for e-CRM and marketing directions of internet companies and will contribute to rational decision-making of internet consumers and improve the quality of consumer life.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to seek ways to improve the quality of life of workers by separating workers into the low fatigue group and the severe fatigue group depending on the level of fatigue level, and analyzing and understanding the difference between quality of life and job stress according to the fatigue level. Methods: For the 'Development of Mibyeong management system which was a consumer-directed health care service', the data of job stress, fatigue and quality of life was collected from 115 workers who visited the oriental hospitals located in J city and C city from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2012. Results: The severe fatigue group showed significantly higher job stress than the low fatigue group in physical environment (p=.004), job demand (p<.001), interpersonal conflict (p=.012), lack of reward (p=.062). The severe fatigue group showed lower degrees both in physical component summary (PCS) (p<.001) and mental component summary (MCS) (p<.001) measured by SF-12 and the quality of life (p<.001) measured by EQ5D than the lower fatigue group. A relatively strong negative correlation was found in the item of mental component summary (MCS) measured by SF-12. Conclusion: Considering our results that high fatigue level show negative impact on quality of life and job stress, we suggest to provide a variety of health promotion strategies to improve the quality of life through the prevention and relief of fatigue for workers.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.83-106
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• 2013

This study testified the influence factors like quantities of advertising, number of hardware and software that are converged, effect on feature fatigue of convergence product. When consumers perceive higher numbers of hardwares in a smart phone, they feel its higher usefulness and complexity. This means that numbers of hardwares is the major factor that enhances consumer's usefulness but, at the same time, it cause perceived leads to higher usefulness in using smart phone, it didn't effect on complexities. It is also important strategy for smart phone companies to provide a lot of useful softwares(applications) to satisfy consumers. Finally, complexity was important factor that lead to higher feature fatigue of consumers. This indicates that smart phone companies have to find adequate numbers of convergence for their new smart phone.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

Objective: Making a new ergonomic interface system based on camera vision system, which helps the handicapped in home environment. Background: Enabling the handicapped to manipulate the consumer electronics by the proposed interface system. Method: A wearable device for capturing the eye image using a near-infrared(NIR) camera and illuminators is proposed for tracking eye gaze position(Heo et al., 2011). A frontal viewing camera is attached to the wearable device, which can recognize the consumer electronics to be controlled(Heo et al., 2011). And the amount of user's eye fatigue can be measured based on eye blink rate, and in case that the user's fatigue exceeds in the predetermined level, the proposed system can automatically change the mode of gaze based interface into that of manual selection. Results: The experimental results showed that the gaze estimation error of the proposed method was 1.98 degrees with the successful recognition of the object by the frontal viewing camera(Heo et al., 2011). Conclusion: We made a new ergonomic interface system based on gaze tracking and object recognition Application: The proposed system can be used for helping the handicapped in home environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

Threshold limit value (TLV) test between expert and consumer panel was conducted about absolute, recognition and difference threshold respectively. And we tried to suggest appropriate and minimum acceptable menthol concentration level by consumer panel. Determination of threshold value was based on ASTM E 679-79 method by forced-choice ascending concentration series. In addition, a semi-ascending paired difference method was referred to conduct test. The group threshold value was determined as the value of geometric mean individual threshold. The smokers were dividend by two groups, trained and consumer panel. Trained panel was selected according to sensitivity to menthol discrimination. Consumer panel wasrecruited in proportion as population ratios including female smokers. They were all over twenty years old volunteers and summed up thirty four persons. In terms of sensor evaluation, overall difference test with seven-category scale by both trained and consumer panelists were done. On judging correct or incorrect answer, two by three cut-off levels applied to. Every test was conducted with two sessions, before smoking and during smoking period. And, only two samples served each paneI per test with regard to sensory fatigue and reliable results. All tests were replicated, and in total 32 times per panelist. In conclusion, the recognition threshold about consumer and expert panel was 358 ppm/cig. and 276 ppm/cig. in separately. Besides, absolute and difference thresholds were obtained also. And, we conduct difference threshold test with two different ways, upward and downward. And, The results of each method were 246, 195 ppm/cig., 1414, 1336 ppm/cig. and 1047, 972 ppm/cig.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.346-359
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• 2014

Black Friday, a biggest holiday shopping season in the United States, has been regarded as a great opportunity that fashion retailers can dramatically increase their sales. However, there has been a lack of attention to consumers' shopping experiences on Black Friday from the consumer perspectives. The objective of this study is to explore consumer shopping experiences on Black Friday, in terms of consumer responses toward the experiences, shopping values, and any possible factors influencing the experiences. The method of critical incident technique was used with 198 critical incidents extracted from 165 responses of university students in the United States. As results, the shopping experiences on Black Friday were categorized into positive vs. negative shopping experiences. After that, the positive and negative experiences were respectively divided into two common themes: utilitarian shopping value vs. hedonic shopping value. In addition to the common themes, 12 categories were also emerged. Among positive experiences, utilitarian shopping experiences includes two categories of off-price shopping and shopping for expensive products, whereas hedonic shopping experiences includes three categories of impulse buying, holiday atmosphere, and shopping for the latest or luxury brand products. Among negative experiences, utilitarian shopping experiences includes four categories of modest discounts, out of stock, time-consuming queues, and fatigue of holiday shopping, while hedonic shopping experiences includes three categories of crowded environments, compulsive buying, and poorly managed stores. In conclusion, it is notable that consumer can undergo negative as well as positive shopping experiences on Black Friday. Implications and suggestions are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.8-8
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• 2012

Ginseng have been traditionally used for strengthening immunity, providing nutrition and recovering health from fatigue. Recently, pharmaceutical activities of ginseng roots have been proven by many researches, and ginseng has become a world-famous medicinal plant. Ginseng saponin, ginsenoside, is one of the most important secondary metabolite in ginseng which has various pharmacological activities. Many studies have aimed to convert major ginsenosides to the more active minor ginsenoside Rg3 for consumer demand ginseng product. Microbial strain GS514 strain was isolated from soil around ginseng roots for enzymatic preparation of ginsenoside Rg3, which strain shows strong ability of converting ginsenoside Rb1and Rd into Rg3 in the solution with NaCl. The gene encoding a ${\beta}$-glucosidase from this GS514 was cloned and expressed in the BL21 (DE3) strain of Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The molecular mass of purified was 87.5 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE. The gene sequence revealed significant homology to the family 3 glycoside hydrolases. The purified single enzyme also catalyzed the conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 into Rg3. This target enzyme will be able to produce as much saponin for consumer demand ginseng product. Anti-apoptotic proteins bind with pro-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis mechanism. Over expression of these anti-apoptotic proteins lead to several cancers by preventing apoptosis. Docking simulations were performed for anti-apoptotic proteins with several ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Our finding shows ginsenosides particularly Rg3, Rh2 and Rf have more binding affinity with apoptotic proteins. Further, these docking system of each ginsenosides can be extended to experimental screen system for further brief confirmations of several diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1299-1309
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate status of safety accidents of school foodservice cooks in Daegu and to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of the accidents in order to seek effective ways for preventing safety accidents in school foodservice. The survey showed that the most frequent safety accidents were 'bruises', followed by 'burns', 'contact with harmful substances such as disinfectants', 'fall-off ' and 'sprains'. The mental fatigue perception of the respondents was generally lower than the physical fatigue perception. The means of the perception levels of work intensity, cooking environment of the foodservice place, and safety-related behaviors, and consciousness were 3.15, 2.99, and 4.06 out of 5 points, respectively. In addition, the annual average of the number of participating in the accident prevention training per person was 17.34 times, that is, the respondents received the training at least once a month on average. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the variables affecting the occurrence of safety accidents that happened to foodservice cooks. It revealed that the work intensity perception and the cooking environment perception influenced the frequency of safety accidents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2001

A survey was conducted to investigate the intake pattern of health supplements and health foods by using questionnaire. The data were collected from 395 adults over middle age and analyzed with SAS program. The natural foods were most frequently taken among health supplements and health foods for health. There was no difference in pattern of health supplements or health foods intake between male and female. The item taken over 20% of subjects was health drinks, green tea, ginseng product, dietary fiber drink, honey, general tea, tonic medicine from natural foods, vitamin B, vitamin C from nutrition supplements, and Lactobacillus product from health supplements. As the main reason for taking health supplements or health foods, the male indicated recovery of fatigue and improvement of health, but the female indicated recovery of fatigue and protection or treatment on disease(p<0.001). The frequency of taking health supplements or health foods was once a day. About the effect of health foods 70.1%, of subjects answered not bad and 25% responded very helpful for their health. Twenty percent of subjects experienced side effects such as diarrhea. The results showed that the proper education program should be developed for consumer to choose suitable health supplements or health foods according to their dietary life and health condition.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

To lead rural clothing management in the rural household, we assessed in terms of the wearing of pesticide protective clothing and care methods of contaminated clothing, consumer consciousness, the discard method of clothing et al. in rural areas of Gyonggi-Do by sampling 122 households. The results are as following ; 1. The behavior for laundering management didn't appropriate in view of certification of label about laundry method, frequency of laundry and quantitative use of detergent. Also family's cooperative attitude wasn't insufficient. 2. Reasons of dissatisfaction about retained clothing were decreased in order of discoloration, shrink or breakage after laundry, breakage of seam or cloth, unlabel, allergy from cloth. The solution of trouble was acted passively. 3. Reasons of hoarding of clothing were high because of change on size, fashion, and low because of wornout. Still-wearable garments were discarded in proportion of one to one. 4. The ratio of putting on the fatigue cap which the Once of Rural Development has propagated was under 10 percent. 5. Protective clothes against agricultural chemicals had not been prepared and contaminated clothing was often washed with regular family wash.