• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop environmentally friendly constructed wetland system in order to improve the environment. This system was constructed with two constructed wetlands andone pond. The size of the first and second wetland was 2.5m in length, 2.5m in width and 0.7m in depth for the first wetland and 0.6m in depth for the second wetland. Those were filled with pebbles with about 16~32mm in diameter from bottom to 20cm depth and onto the pebbles with about 0.5 mm in diameter sand in depth 40cm. The first constructed Wetland was planted with pragmites communis. The second was planted with Iris pseudoacorus and Acorus calamus var. aneustatus.A vertical flow system was used in the first constructed wetland and a horizontal flow system in the second. The water of outflow from the second wetland flowed into the pond. This system was installed in Yangpyeong, Kyunggi Province. The Quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed at the first time from May 20 to May 30, 2002 and at second time from June 10 to July 18, 2002. At the second period wetland was implanted with microbes in order to improve the efficiency of constructed wetlands. Following standard methods for wastewater, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed. This system was effective in reducing COD, BOD, SS, T-N and T-P level. The result shows that wastewater was purified through constructed wetland system with plants and highly purified with microbes especially in T-P. The Average total phosphorous concentration of influent and effluent in constructed wetland with microbes was 2.8mg/${\ell}$ L and 0.21mg/${\ell}$ respectively. This system can be used in rural community because this is not only effective on purification of sewage but also is harmonized with the surrounding nature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.87-97
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• 2005

The field scale experiment was performed to examine the effect of physical design parameters on the constructed wetland performance and recommend the feasible design of constructed wetland in Korean polder areas. Four sets (each set of 0.85 ha) of wetland (0.8 ha) and pond (0.08 ha) systems were used. Two different wetland systems, a wetland-pond system and a pond-wetland system, were studied to examine the effect of wetland and pond configuration. And two different length-to-width ratios were used, 2: 1 and 0.8: 1, to examine the effect of aspect ratio. A pond-wetland system was more preferable than a wetland-pond system, and also requires a smaller area than a wetland-pond system or a wetland system to reduce T-P. There was no difference in effluent concentration between the 2:1 system and the 0.8:1 system. Although the linear velocity of the 2:1 aspect was higher than the 0.8:1 aspect, resuspension was not a factor in this study due to a very low linear velocity. From this study and other literature review, it was found that design method of paddy rice field could be applied and expanded to the design of constructed wetland in Korea. Further investigation for the detailed design parameters of constructed wetland needs be continued for design method of paddy rice to be applied in full scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to make a design guideline in designing constructed wetland which can treat water quality both of point and nonpoint source water pollution. It focuses on structural aspects of two case studies of constructed wetland applying SSB(Sustainable Structured wetland Biotope) system in Korea. The constructed wetland of Lake Ju-am which was constructed in 2002 by Environmental Management Corporation, was designed by applying SSB system. It shows higher removal efficiency than expected - 56% of BOD removal efficiency, 60% of T-N removal, and 76% of T-P removal efficiency. In two cases, total wetland areal extents were calculated referred to treatment efficiency. The system is consist of micro-cell structures : inflow channel, forebay, multiple wetland cells and micro-pool. When designing constructed wetland appropriate in local area, the total organic system of vertical and horizontal structure : geology, hydrology, land use, and ecological surroundings of the sites should be considered totally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.557-562
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• 2000

Estuary lakes constructed for agricultural water resources development projects have encountered eutrophication problems. Natural water purification function of wetland is considered for nutrient removal from inflowing stream. A constructed wetland was designed and installed for pollutant loading abatement in estuary lake Koheung. Combined pond-wetland system was adopted. In this system primary and secondary ponds and six wetland cells were interconnected. Reed and cattail were selected for wetland vegetation and planted in the wetland cells. In this paper, design criteria of the pond-wetland system in temperate weather zone is presented.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.113-124
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• 2006

The feasibility of the up- and down-flow constructed wetland was examined fur rural wastewater treatment in Korea. Many constructed wetland process was suffered from substrate clogging and high plant stresses because of long term operation. The up- and down-flow constructed wetland process used porous granule materials (charcoal pumice : SSR=10:20:70) for promoting intake rate of nutrient to plant, and especially flow type was designed continuously repeating from up-flow to down-flow. $BOD_5$ and SS was removed effectively by the process with the average removal rate being about 75% respectively. The wetland process was effective in treating nutrient as well as organic pollutant. Removal of TN and TP were more effective than other wetland system and mean effluent concentrations were approximately 7.5 and $0.4mg\;L^{-1}$ which satisfied the water quality standard for WWTPs. The treatment system did not experience any clogging or accumulations of pollutants and reduction of treatment efficiency during winter period because constructed polycarbonate glass structure prevented temperature drop. Considering stable performance and effective removal of pollutant in wastewater, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, the up- and down-flow constructed wetland was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.320-331
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• 2012

A combination system of catch canal and constructed wetland was designed and suggested to improve water quality in gagricultural region of lower Dong-jin river basin. In order to evaluate an water quality improvement efficiency of the designed combination system, the NPS-WET model was applied in this study. Simulation result of the NPS-WET shown that the nutrient load removal rate of constructed wetland was BOD, T-N, T-P and SS was 30.7~39.0%, 46~60%, 40.7~57.0% and 68.2~74.7%, respectively. Nutrients reduction of constructed wetland was higher in growing season than winter season because vital activity of microorganism, macrophyte and algae was augmented with high air and water temperature. Effluents from constructed wetland can affect water-quality of catch canal drains, especially, water-quality on junction point to Dong-jin river. Water-quality improvement in low-flowed catch canal (Un-san) was more significant than in high-flowed catch canal (Won-pyeong). In conclusion, a feasible design of constructed wetland is necessary to treat large quantity of receiving water. The NPS-WET is useful tool for assessing water-quality improvement efficiency using constructed wetland.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

This study aim is to establish the suitability analysis of a constructed wetland using Geographic Information System. A constructed wetland is a flood control reservoir that is able to control flows and conserve a preserving integrity of nature maximum. It has been did that DB construction of flood area, socioeconomic analysis, and space analysis using GIS. Achieved reiteration arithmetic function from results of several elements, it has been did analysis for possibility space of constructed wetland. Through the analysis of flood area and a constructed wetland capacity, it has been established the estimation where is possible to build wetland. This study is applied suitability analysis method where has been choose the basin of To-Phyeong river in Kyongsang-namdo with methodology presentation about suitability analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.637-642
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to evaluate design parameters of free water surface constructed wetland for the reduction of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. From literature review, the key design parameters were selected as influent concentration, influent water volume, hydraulic retention time and wetland system arrangement. The design value for each parameter was established after pilot study. Full-scale constructed wetland on the basis of the designed values was constructed to evaluate those reasonableness. The results of this study showed that the designed values for free water surface constructed wetland were appropriate for the reduction of agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2012

Field experiment was performed from June 2010 to July 2011 to evaluate pollutants removal efficiency in the constructed wetland system for the treated wastewater and the river water. The wetland systems were constructed near Gyungan river. Two different systems with meandering shape were compared for seasonal base and operational period base. Several kinds of aquaculture are planted through the corridor of wetland system. Average removal rate of BOD, T-N and T-P for A system were 15.8%, 14.8% and 26.5%, respectively. Average removal rate of BOD, T-N and T-P for C system were 23.5%, 27.8% and 10.6%, respectively. The effluent from two wetland systems often exceeded effluent water quality standards for wastewater influent, however effluent water quality standards for river water. However, the wetland system can be useful to treat polluted river water and effluent from wastewater plant. Removal rate of pollutants in seasonal variation was the highest in summer for BOD and T-N, however the removal rates of T-P were higher in spring and autumn than in summer.

• KCID journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.4-17
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• 2011

The standard design methodology was suggested to construct wetland system for reducing non-point source pollution from Saemangeum reclaimed paddy land. To set for the design flow and concentrations, runoff and water quality survey were conducted during the irrigation period in 2008 at Gyehwa reclaimed paddy land located at near Saemangeum lake. It is rational that 1ha is the optimum constructed wetland size. To meet this size, the moderate drainage area of reclaimed paddy field was 50ha under the conditions that rainfall is 30mm, average runoff coefficient is 0.83, and runoff capture ratio is 0.6. At these condition, the runoff volume from 50ha was 10,520 $m^3/d$ including base flow during irrigation period. To select the optimum wetland system, several case studies were conducted by focusing on the tidal reclaimed land areas having wetland systems in Seokmun. Pond-Wetland system was selected as the standard model because of showing the highest reduction efficiency. Single variable regression equation were delivered to estimate effluent water concentrations from the designed wetland by using long-term monitoring data from the Seokmun experiment site. The effluent concentration from the designed wetland using these equation were showed moderately range.