• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

Purpose: The intention of this study was to investigate the effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) with bilateral arm training (BAT) on the motor performance and daily activity performance of individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods: Sixteen subjects one year after stroke participated in this study with a control group; the pretest-posttest method was used. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: combination of bilateral arm training and modified constraint-induced movement therapy (n=8), and modified constraint-induced movement therapy (n=8). The mCIMT group received therapy for 90 minutes in 3 sessions per week over a period of 4 weeks. The patients receiving a combination of mCIMT and BAT were treated for the same period and frequency. The results were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Motor Activity Log-Amount of Use, and Quality of Movement (MAL-AOU, QOM) assessment tools. Results: The Fugl-Meyer Assessment showed that hand and wrist performance improved significantly more in the mCIMT group than in the Combination group (p<0.05). Result from the ARAT assessment showed greater scores for gross movement in the combined group than in the mCIMT group (p<0.05). The MAL-AOU showed that there was greater improvement in the combined group than in the mCIMT group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The forced use of the more affected side can be important for the enhancement of upper extremity performance for chronic hemiparetic stroke patients during their daily activities.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.490-498
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• 1993

연속 영상으로부터 속도를 측정하는 많은 방법들은 영상에서 밝기 함수의 시간 경사와 공간 경사사이의 관계를 이용한다. 대부분의 경우에 있어서 이 관계만으로는 관측화소의 속도를 유일하게 결정할 수 없기 때문에 추가적인 제한이 필요하다. Horn과 Schunck는 영상에서 속도장은 smooth하게 변해야 한다는 제한을 제안하였다. 그러나 이 제한을 사용하며 운동 경계 부분에서 속도장이 흐려진다는 단점이 나타난다. 이와 같은 단점을 보완하기 위하여 Nagel은 영상의 밝기 함수가 적게 변하는 방향으로만 속도의 변화를 제한하는 방향성 smoothness 제한을 사용하였다. 한편 Paquin과 Dubois는 다른 형태의 제한, 즉 영상의 작은 영역내에서의 속도는 같다는 제한을 제안하였다. 그러나 이제한 역시 속도장의 큰 변화가 존재하는 운동 경계 부분에서는 적합하지 못하다. 우리는 영상에서 밝기 함수의 불연속에 관한 정보를 이용함으로써 위의 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제안하고, 새로운 방법에 대한 실험 결과를 나타낸다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: To explore the effects of action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper-extremity function and the activities of daily living in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four subacute stroke patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group (n = 12 each). Both groups received therapy based on motor learning concepts, including repetitive and task-specific practice. The experimental group watched video clips for 10 minutes related to tasks performed during modified constraint-induced movement therapy while the control group watched videos unrelated to upper-extremity movement. These programs were performed for 40 minutes a day five times a week for four weeks. Their scores on the Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremities (FMA-UE), the action research arm test (ARAT), a motor activity log (amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were recorded. Results: In both groups, all variables were significantly different between the pre-test and post-test periods (p < 0.05). The post-test variables were significantly different within each group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, the changes between pre-test and post-test scores in the FMA-UE (14.39 ± 4.31 versus 6.31 ± 4.63), the ARAT (16.00 ± 4.73 versus 11.46 ± 3.73), MAL-AOU (1.57 ± 0.15 versus 1.18 ± 0.28), and MBI (27.54 ± 4.65 versus 18.08 ± 8.52) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy may be a beneficial rehabilitation option to improve upper-extremity function in subacute stroke patients with moderate impairment.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

본 연구에서 제약식프로그래밍을 이용하여 제약식 있는 동적계획법 모형을 푸는 한 방법을 제시한다. 현재 제약식 있는 동적계획법을 다루는 방법은 각 단계별 제약식들의 상태를 일반적인 동적계획법의 상태공간에 추가하여 마치 제약식이 없는 동적계획법 방식을 적용하는데 반해, 이 연구에서 제시하는 방식은 제약식의 상태가 제약식프로그래밍의 변수 도메인으로 표현되고 저장된다. 계산에 있어서도 일반적인 동적계획법의 벨만방정식의 해법과 함께 제약식을 다루기 위한 제약식프로그래밍의 확산-추론 방법을 사용하는 하이브리드 방식을 따른다. 이 두가지 방식의 비교를 위해 특별히 장기 자동차 렌탈 문제를 제시하고 이 문제의 단순화된 모형을 중심으로 다른 방식으로 해결하는 과정을 보고 그 장단점을 논한다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.665-679
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• 2017

생산성 평가를 위해서는 주어진 생산 자료를 기반으로 투입 대비 최대산출량을 나타내는 최대산출량을 나타내는 생산 프런티어 곡선에 대한 정보가 필요한 경우가 많다. 이러한 프런티어 함수를 확률프런티어 모형하에서 추정하는 경우에 초기에는 프런티어 함수의 특정한 모수적 형테를 가정하는 경우가 많았다. 그러나 최근에는 프런티어 함수를 프런티어 함수가 기본적으로 만족해야 하는 단조성이나 오목성등을 만족하도록 하면서 비모수적 방법으로 추정하는 방법들이 많이 이루어졌다. 하지만, 이러한 방법들에서 얻어지는 추정량들은 프런티어 함수를 조각적 선형함수 또는 계단함수로 추정하는 특징 때문에 추정의 효율이 떨어지나가 프런티어 함수가 해석이 용이하지 않은 불연속점을 가지는 문제를 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 확률프런티어 모형에서 단조증가하는 매끄러운 프런티어 함수 추정법을 제시하고 제안된 추정방법이 기존의 추정방법에 비해서 가지는 추정 효율의 장점을 시뮬레이션를 통해 예시하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.169.4-169
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• 2001

Conventional methods to solve the nonlinear programming problem range from augmented Lagrangian methods to sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods. NPSOL, which is a SQP code, has been widely used to solve various optimization problems but is still subject to many numerical problems such as convergence to local optima, difficulties in initialization and in handling non-smooth cost functions. Recently, many evolutionary methods have been developed for constrained optimization. Among them, CEALM (Co-Evolutionary Augmented Lagrangian Method) shows excellent performance in the following aspects: global optimization capability, low sensitivity to the initial parameter guessing, and excellent constraint handling capability due to the benefit of the augmented Lagrangian function. This algorithm is ...

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.2722-2742
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• 2014

We propose methods of linear transceiver design for two different power constraints, sum relay power constraint and per relay power constraint, which determine signal processing matrices such as base station (BS) transmitter, relay precoders and user receivers to minimize sum mean square error (SMSE) for multi-relay multi-user (MRMU) networks. However, since the formulated problem is non-convex one which is hard to be solved, we suboptimally solve the problems by defining convex subproblems with some fixed variables. We adopt iterative sequential designs of which each iteration stage corresponds to each subproblem. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) theorem and SMSE duality are employed as specific methods to solve subproblems. The numerical results verify that the proposed methods provide comparable performance to that of a full relay cooperation bound (FRCB) method while outperforming the simple amplify-and-forward (SAF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) relaying in terms of not only SMSE, but also the sum rate.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.445-454
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• 1991

In this thesis, Mindlin plate element with nine nodes and three degrees-of-freedom at each node is formulated and is employed in eigen-analysis of a rectangular plates in order to alleviate locking phenomenon of eigenvalues. Eigenvalues and their modes may be locked if conventional $C_{0}$-isoparametric element is used. In order to reduce stiffness locking phenomenon, two methods (1, the general reduced and selective integration, 2, the new element that use of modified shape function) are studied. Additionally in order to reduce the error due to mass matrix, two mass matrixes (1, Gauss-Legendre mass matrix, 2, Gauss-Lobatto mass matrix) are considered. The results of eigen-analysis for two models (the square plate with all edges simply-supported and all edges built-in), computed by two methods for stiffness matrix and by two mass matrixes are compared with theoretical solutions and conventional numerical solutions. These comparisons show that the performance of the two methods with Gauss-Lobatto mass matrix is better than that of the conventional plate element. But, by considering the spurious rigid body motions, the element which employs modified shape function with full integration and Gauss-Lobatto mass matrix can elevate the accuracy and convergence of numerical solutions.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2010

This paper presents a reliability-based shape optimization (RBSO) using the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO). An actual design involves uncertain conditions such as material property, operational load, poisson's ratio and dimensional variation. The deterministic optimization (DO) is obtained without considering of uncertainties related to the uncertainty parameters. However, the RBSO can consider the uncertainty variables because it has the probabilistic constraints. In order to determine whether the probabilistic constraint is satisfied or not, simulation techniques and approximation methods are developed. In this paper, the reliability-based shape design optimization method is proposed by utilization the reliability index approach (RIA), performance measure approach (PMA), single-loop single-vector (SLSV), adaptive-loop (ADL) are adopted to evaluate the probabilistic constraint. In order to apply the ESO method to the RBSO, a sensitivity number is defined as the change of strain energy in the displacement constraint. Numerical examples are presented to compare the DO with the RBSO. The results of design example show that the RBSO model is more reliable than deterministic optimization.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations in gait parameters according to arm swing use in post stroke hemiparesis. Methods : Sixteen patients participated in this study and walked at self-selected speeds on a Rs-scan systems. The were randomly assigned conditions: self-selected arm swing, constraint arm swing, emphasis arm swing. Results : In the comparison of parameters in each trial, both affected step length, non affected step length, affected stride length, non affected stride length, affected single support time, and non affected single support time were significantly increased and double support time was significantly decrease in emphasis arm swing when compared with both self-selected arm swing and constraint arm swing(p<.05). However, Asymmetrical ratio was significantly increased in both emphasis arm swing and self-selected arm swing when compared constraint arm swing(p<.05). Conclusion : Therefore, In this study, gait rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia depending on what you need to apply the arm swing is considered.