• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2003

This paper presents a game theory application for an analysis of uniform price auction in a simplified competitive electricity market and analyzes the properties of Nash equilibrium for various conditions. We have assumed that each generation firm submits his bid to a market in the form of a sealed bid and the market is operated as a uniform price auction. Two firms are supposed to be the players of the market, and we consider the maximum generation quantity constraint of one firm only. The system demand is assumed to have a linear relationship with market clearing prices and the bidding curve of each firm, representing the price at which he has a willingness to sell his generation quantity, is also assumed to have a linear function. In this paper, we analyze the effects of maximum generation quantity constraints on the Nash equilibrium of the uniform price auction. A simple numerical example with two generation firms is demonstrated to show the basic idea of the proposed methodology.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제18권1E호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1999

This paper deals with a hybrid finite element method for wave scattering problems in infinite domains. Scattering of waves involving complex geometries, in conjunction with infinite domains is modeled by introducing a mathematical boundary within which a finite element representation is employed. On the mathematical boundary, the finite element representation is matched with a known analytical solution in the infinite domain in terms of fields and their derivatives. The derivative continuity is implemented by using a slope constraint. Drilling degrees of freedom at each node of the finite element model are introduced to make the numerical model more sensitive to the transverse component of the elastodynamic field. To verify the effects of drilling degrees freedom and slope constraints individually, reflection of normally incident P and SV waves on a traction free half spaces is considered. For the P-wave incidence, the results indicate that the use of slope constraint is more effective because it suppresses artificial reflection at the mathematical boundary. For the SV-wave case, the use of drilling degrees freedom is more effective by reducing numerical error at irregular frequencies.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.493-506
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• 2017

Wind-induced response behavior of long-span roof structures is very complicated, showing significant contributions of multiple vibration modes. The largest load effects in a huge number of members should be considered for the sake of the equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). Studies on essential matters and necessary conditions of the universal ESWLs are discussed. An efficient method for universal ESWLs on long-span roof structures is proposed. The generalized resuming forces including both the external wind loads and inertial forces are defined. Then, the universal ESWLs are given by a combination of eigenmodes calculated by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis. Firstly, the least squares method is applied to a matrix of eigenmodes by using the influence function. Then, the universal ESWLs distribution is obtained which reproduces the largest load effects simultaneously. Secondly, by choosing the eigenmodes of generalized resuming forces as the basic loading distribution vectors, this method becomes efficient. Meanwhile, by using the constraint equations, the universal ESWLs becomes reasonable. Finally, reproduced largest load effects by load-response-correlation (LRC) ESWLs and universal ESWLs are compared with the actual largest load effects obtained by the time domain response analysis for a long-span roof structure. The results demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed universal ESWLs method.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2006

During the last two decades, many researchers investigated influences of stress triaxiality on ductile fracture for various specimens and structures. With respect to a transferability issue, the local approach reflecting micro-mechanical specifics is one of effective methods to predict constraint effects. In this paper, the applicability of the local approach was examined through a series of finite element analyses incorporating modified GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) and Rousselier models as well as fracture toughness tests. To achieve this goal, fracture resistance (J-R) curves of several types of compact tension (CT) specimens with various crack length, with various thickness and with/without 20% side- grooves were estimated. Then. the constraint effects were examined by comparing the numerically estimated J-R curves with experimentally determined ones. The assessment results showed that the damage models might be used as useful tool for fracture toughness estimation and both the crack length and thickness effects should be considered for realistic structural integrity evaluation.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

This study investigates the fixed and random factors affecting response patterns of wh-scope interpretations in Gyeongsang Korean. It employed logistic mixed-effects regression models to analyze responses from 24 participants who listened to 40 pre-recorded stimuli from 40 different speakers. The stimuli consisted of an embedded wh-phrase and an interrogative ending marker, "-nkiko," thereby forming a wh-question, specifically a matrix wh-scope. Participants repeated the test three times. The study found that the prominence level of a prosodic phrase composed of an embedded verb and a complementizer was inversely related to responses with wh-questions, as demonstrated through multiple regression analysis in Yun. The test trial significantly impacted the number of responses with wh-questions, increasing from 50.3% in the first trial to 58.8% and 61.2% in subsequent trials. Examination of random subject effects revealed two main factors influencing responses: morpho-syntactic constraints and prosodic structural integrity. These two factors demonstrated the potential to be inversely weighted. Analysis of random stimulus effects suggested that the prominence level had limited effects on response patterns with each stimulus primarily eliciting one type of responses across trials.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.134-144
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of upper extremity exercise training on the motor activity, the ADL and the health related quality of life. Method: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Study subjects were conveniently selected 40 hemiplegic patients(20 experimental subjects, 20 control subjects) who had been enrolled in two community health centers. After biofeedback training the subjects of experimental group were given constraint-induced movement, involving restraint of unaffected U/E in a sling for about 6 hours over a period of two weeks, while at the same time intensively training the affected U/E. Outcomes were evaluated on the basis of motor activity(amount, quality) of plegic side, ADL(ADL, IADL) and health related QOL(SF-36). Results: 1. After 2 weeks of treatment, the amount of use and the quality of motor activity of affected U/E were significantly higher in subjects who participated in exercise training than in subjects in the control group. 2. There were no significant differences in ADL and IADL between experimental and control groups. 3. After 2 weeks of treatment, the health related QOL was significantly higher in subjects who participated in exercise training than in subjects in the control group. Conclusion: The above results state that the U/E exercise training could be an effective intervention for improving the motor activity and the health related QOL of chronic hemiplegic patients. Long-term studies are needed to determine the lasting effects of constraint-induced movement.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2005

소프트웨어 아키텍처는 복잡 다양한 소프트웨어 시스템을 개발하는 데 있어서 개발될 소프트웨어의 품질 달성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 핵심 설계로서 인식되고 있다. 따라서 아키텍처 기반의 소프트웨어 개발에서 고품질 소프트웨어 개발을 위하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처에 대한 변형이 필수적으로 요구된다. 그러나 아키텍처 변형 시 적용 가능한 설계 대안들의 다양성과 그것들이 아키텍처에 미치는 결과에 대한 예측의 어려움으로 인하여, 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형을 적용하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 그러므로 다양한 설계 대안들이 아키텍처에 미치는 결과를 이해하고 분석하는 것을 통하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형을 지원하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형을 체계적으로 지원하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 소프트웨어 아키텍처에 포함된 아키텍처 설계 결정들과 그것들에 대한 제약조건들을 바탕으로 결정 제약조건 그래프를 정의한다. 결정 제약조건 그래프를 이용하여 소프트웨어 아키텍처의 주요 설계 결정들간의 의존 관계를 명시적으로 나타냄으로써, 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형 과정에서 특정 설계 결정에 대한 설계 변형이 아키텍처에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 분석 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 소프트웨어 아키텍처 변형 방법은 아키텍처 변형에 대한 전반적인 이해를 용이하게 함과 동시에, 궁극적으로는 고품질 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 새로운 버전의 아키텍처 재생성을 돕는다

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.482-491
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• 2006

Purpose: Hemiplegia patients who were attacked by a stroke suffer from hemiplegic disabilities as well as motor disabilities. For them, rehabilitation cure is being carried out broadly. However, it is not enough for them to use the upper extremity than the lower extremity. For the use of the upper extremity, we examined the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy developed in this research on patients who experienced a stroke following hemiplegia. Method: For this study we selected 36 stroke patients who were registered at the community health center through accidental sampling, and assigned 21 of them to the experimental group, and 15 to the control group. The experimental group had constraint-induced movement therapy for 5 days and 7 hours a day from 9 to o'clock in the morning 9 to 4 o'clock in the afternoon 4 including warmup exercise and main exercise in the rehabilitation room, whereas the control group were restricted. Result: As a result of constraint-induced movement therapy, affected side elbow joint flexion range, side shoulder joint extension range and side shoulder joint of the flexion range of motions increased obviously in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The result above clearly shows that constraint-induced movement therapy is an effective intervention for the rehabilitation of hemiplegia patients in increasing affected side elbow joint of the flexion range of motion, the shoulder joint extension, and the increase of flexion range of motion.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.2963-2971
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• 2000

In order to obtain more realistic fracture resistance curve, research is currently underway to introduce new parameter and to quantify the constraint effect. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the constraint effect of a size(plane size and thickness) and the fracture resistance curve. In this paper fracture toughness tests were performed with various plane size and various thickness of specimens in two materials. The test results showed that the effects of plane size in th4 J-R curve were significant and the curve was risen with an increase in plane size. However, relatively weak influence was observed form the change of the specimen thickness and size. The stress fields near the crack tip of th specimen is close to the HRR field according to increasing the plane size and Q stress appears different value according to material properties and the plane size.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.231-251
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• 2004

The purpose of this study us to determine the adolescents' leisure activity pattern, leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction and to identify the relevant variables. The subjects were middle and high school students. The data was collected by using the questionnaire and the final 741 cases were analyzed by SPSS Win 10.0 program. The major findings were as follows: 1. The adolescents' leisure activity hours were 2.27hours/day(weekday), 4.20hours/day(Saturday) and 5.35hours/day(Sunday). On weekdays, female students spent more time for leisure activity than male students. The most frequent activities were watching TV and playing computer. 2. The adolescents' leisure constraints were social-economic, psychological and situational. The degree of the adolescents' situational constraint was the highest. 3. The adolescents' leisure satisfactions were leisure use, leisure condition and leisure meaning. The adolescents' degree of leisure meaning satisfaction was relatively high. 4. The major related variable influencing the leisure satisfaction were psychological constraint, situational constraint and gender.