• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the subjective degree of fatigue, the degree of fatigue depending on constitution, and the factors related to fatigue in middle-aged women. Method: Data were collected from 51 patients, registered at Oriental Medicine Hospital in J-city and K-city respectively. The instrument used in this study were the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue and the Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ. Data analysis was done SPSS Result: The characteristics of constitution in middle-aged women could be divided into three: twenty six people of Soeumin, thirteen people of Taeumin, and twelve people of Soyangin. The degree of fatigue in middle-aged women: the average score 30.61 out of the total score 40. Subdivision of fatigue scores: common fatigue degree 7.71, distress due to fatigue 7.67, degree of daily activity fatigue 7.43, and fatigue frequency in the previous week 7.84. There were significant differences in the degree of fatigue depending on constitution in middle-aged women(p=.033). This study revealed weight, exercise, and drinking are important factors that can exert influence on the degree of fatigue. Also, there was a big difference in the degree of fatigue depending on constitution. Conclusion: In conclusion, fatigue is one of the difficult problems with middle-aged women. And this study revealed that change in the weight(especially loss of weight), physical exercise, and drinking are important factors that can exert influence on the degree of fatigue. Also, there was a big difference in the degree of fatigue depending on constitution. Therefore it is necessary to develop Korean nursing intervention to providing an appropriate environment where there is the harmony of the dual principles of the negative and positive, and patients can be taken care of properly.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the biological base of coping strategy and the different constitutions. First of all, subjects were divided in to 3 groups dy Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II and Yin-Yang Property Analysis. Then each group was assigned into two experimental coping conditions, active and passive condition, in turn. The SDNN(The Standard Deviation of the NN Intervals) of HRV(Heart rate variability) index was estimated from two conditions after giving a aversive pain stimulus. The results of the study were as follows 1. The interaction between constitution and coping condition is significant(p<0.05). 2. The SDNNs of Shaoyangren are higher than those of Taiyinren under passive condition but it was opposite under active condition(p<0.05). 3. The main effect of constitution is also significant but that of coping condition is not significant. 4. Thee Shaoyangren is higher than Shaoyinren in multiple comparisons(p<0.05). 5. The interaction between Yin-Yang constitution and coping condition is significant and the main effect of only constitution is significant(p<0.05). According to these results, different constitution can respond differently to coping condition and It is highly related to biological mechanism associated with two basic coping strategies.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.119-135
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• 1999

본 연구(硏究)는 1996.3월(月)에서 1998.11월(月)사이에 동의대학교(東義大學校) 한의과대학(韓醫科大學) 부속한방병원(附屬韓方病院)에 내원(來院) 가료중(加療中) 환자(患者) 196명을 대상(對象)으로 하였으며 사상체질(四象體質)의 판별(判別)은 사상변증내용(四象辨證內容) 설문조사지(設問調査紙)(I)과 사상체질분류검사(象體質分類檢査)(QSCCII)를 중심으로 하였다. 본 결과는 사상체질(四象體質)과 질병(疾病) 및 증상유형(症狀類形)에 대한 설문지(說問紙)를 비교하여 얻은 것이다. 1. 태음인(太陰인)은 체중증가(體重增加), 땀이 많이 난다. 몸이 붓는다. 허리가 아프다는 증상(症狀)과 기름진 음식(飮食)을 잘 먹으며 음식(飮食)을 짜게 먹는 편이 다른 체질(體質)에 비하여 더욱 유발(頻發)하였다. 2. 소음인(少陰인)은 안색이 나쁘다. 목의 이물감, 수면장애(睡眠障碍) 식욕감퇴(食慾減退), 쉽게 피로(疲勞)해짐, 식사(食事)와 무관한 위(胃)의 통증(痛症), 두통(頭痛), 생리통증상(生理痛症狀)과 기름진 음식(飮食)을 잘 안 먹는다. 음식(飮食)을 싱겁게 먹는 편이 다른 체질(體質)에 비하여 더욱 유발(頻發)하였다. 3. 통계적(統計的)으로 유의성(有意性)을 가지지는 못하였지만, 소양인(少陽人)은 호흡기계질환(呼吸器系疾患)에서 단순한 기침증상(症狀) 근골격계질환(筋骨格系疾患)에서 관절(關節)의 운동장애(運動障碍), 부인과계(歸人科系)에서 월경(月經)의 조기(調期)와 양(量)의 변화(變化)와 생식기(生殖器) 소양증(搔痒症), 피부계(皮膚系)에서 가려움증과 부스럼증 등은 다른 체질(體質)에 비하여 비교적 많았고 심혈관계질환(心血管系疾患), 혈액계질환(血液系疾患)은 비교적 적었다. 소음인(少陰人)은 전반적(全般的)인 소화기계질환(消化器系疾患), 호흡기계질환(呼吸器系疾患)에서 인흡(咽吸)의 이물감 통증, 심혈관계질환(心血管系疾患), 혈액계질환(血液系疾患), 근골격계질환(筋骨格系疾患)에서 통증(痛症)이나 비증(痺症), 정신신경계질환(精神神經系疾患)에서 정신계질환(精神系疾患), 부인과계(婦人科系)에서 월경통(月經痛)을 비롯한 유방(乳房)의 몽우리 냉증(冷症), 피부계(皮膚系)에서 발진(發疹)이나 두드러기, 시각계질환(視覺系疾患)과 청각계질환(聽覺系疾患)등이 다른 체질(體質)에 비해 많았다. 태음인(太陰人) 호흡기계질환(呼吸器系疾患)에서 목이 잘 쉬는 증상, 근골격계질환(筋骨格系疾患)에서 요통(腰痛), 정신신경계질환(精神神經系疾患)에서 신경계질환(神經系疾患), 피부계(皮膚系)에서 발진(發疹)이나 두드러기등이 다른 체질(體質)에 비하여 다소 많았으며 부인과계질환(婦人科系疾患)은 적었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological factors of Sasang constitutions which are classified by QSCC II(Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II) using major personality tests which are based on western psychological theory. Methods: 151 college students completed the MMPI-2, MBTI, NEO-PI-R, TCI-RS, and QSCC II. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc testing to find which personality scale significantly differentiated each Sasang constitution style. Results: MMPI-2, scale 2(D), 5(Mf), 7(Pt), 0(Si) and introversion scale(INTR) showed significant differences between Soeumin and Soyangin. Also, on the dimension of introversion-extraversion in MBTI, and neuroticism(N) and extraversion(E) in NEO-PI-R, there were differences between Soeumin and the other two constitutions(Soyangin and Taeeumin). Finally, in TCI-RS, there were differences between Soeumin and Soyangin on the scale of novelty seeking(NS) and reward dependence(RD), and with regards to the harm avoidance scale(HA), Soeumin received a higher score than any other constitutions. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that the classification of QSCC II is most consistent between Soeumin and Soyangin across 4 major personality tests.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine validity to Soeum scales by QSCC II. For this study, the objects are 336 patients who were made a diagnosis of Soeumin and 422 patients of other constitutions in Oriental Medicine & Western Medicine Cooperative Health Examination Center KyungHee University Medical Center. A systematic analysis has been made and the results are as follows. 1. We made a frequency analysis in 758 examinees' questions and concluded that 35 questions, among which 30 questions were existing and 5 were new, had statistical significance in making a diagnosis of Soeumin by more than 10% in comparison with answer frequency of other constitutions. 2. Because confidence coefficient of 0.8011 revised Soeum scales(35) rises up as compared with that of 0.6319 existing Soeum scales(51), I think revised Soeum scales reflect trait of Soeumin well and it is liable to shorten question time by controling questions. 3. Soeumin's discrimination probability in Soeumin was 55.4% by QSCCII, but that rises up to 64.3% by discriminant function made by revised Soeum scales. So there is statistical significance in discriminant function. 4. When questions in QSCCII are divided into body-spirit(體形氣像), looks-attitude(容貌詞氣), temper- talent(性質才幹), continuous mind(恒心), avarice(心慾), physiological symptoms(生理的 證) and pathological symptoms(病理的 證), response frequency and constitution discrimination probability falls in questions about avarice and pathological symptoms.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 1996

VNTR 및 STR 분석은 유전자지문법 (DNA fingerprinting)에서 사용되는 방법으로 개체의 식별 등을 목적으로 하는 범죄수사 및 기타 유전적 분석 연구에서 많이 쓰이고 있는 유전적 분석 방법이다. 본 연구는 사상체질의 판별에 의해서 분류된 각 체질들이 유전적으로 차이가 있는지를 조사하기 위하여 각 체질인의 제놈 DNA를 대상으로 VNTR 및 STR의 분석을 실시하여서 사상체질의학의 객관화 및 그 임상활동에 관한 유용한 자료를 제공함을 목적으로 추진되었다. 본 연구에서 실시한 MCT118, YNZ22 locus를 이용한 VNTR 분석에서는 체질별로 나타난 allele의 분포 양상이 다양할 뿐만 아니라 각 체질에서 나타난 allele의 분포빈도가 체질별로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 VNTR의 분석을 이용하여서는 사상체질의 네 가지 체질 그룹에 대한 유전적 동질성 및 그룹간 유전적 상이성을 유추해 내기가 어려운 것으로 사료되었다. 한편 allel 의 종류가 적고 따라서 그 분포 양상이 VNTR에 비해서 다양하지 않은 STR 중에서 본 연구에서는 TH01과 vWA locus에 대한 분석을 실시하였는데 그 결과 vWA locus에서는 각 allele No.의 분포 양상이 체질별로 다소 다르게 나타났다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2004

The author investigated whether ACE/DD, AGN/TT, and ApoE/ε4 genotypes are associated with CI and whether genetic risk is enhanced by Sasang constitutional classification. The author ascertained these genotypes in patients with CI (n=211), diagnosed by brain computed tomography. Control subjects for the infarction group were randomly selected from 319 subjects matched for age, gender, and history of hypertension with patients. The ACE/DD genotype was not associated with CI. However. there was significant association between ApoE polymorphism and CI (x²=15.089, p<.05). Furthermore, frequency of AGN/TT genotype was higher in the patients with CI than in the controls (x²=20.072, p<.05). The frequency of T allele Was 0.91 in patients and 0.82 in controls (x²=17.237, p<.05). However, the Sasang constitutional classification did not increase the relative risk for CI in the subjects with ApoE/ε4 or AGN/T allele. These results suggest that ApoE and AGN polymorphism predict CI. but Sasang constitutional classification does not enhance the risk for CI associated with ApoE/ε4 or AGN/TT in a Korean population.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

We analyzed 44 and 16 types of herbal medicines for Taeumin and Taeyangin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order to discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron (theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap (ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul (exterior-interior and hot-cold)',and 'Hyungchiaekmi (fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: Herbal medicines for 'Taeumin' are characterized by opening energetics that reinforce dispersing Qi. The 'Exterior cold disease' is treated with herbs that ventilate the lungs and disperse dampness in three ways: by moistening the lungs, by releasing exterior, and by resolving dampness. The 'Interior heat disease' is treated with herbs that clear the liver and disperse heat in two ways. One by clearing liver heat through dispersing damp-heat of the small intestine and the other by opening orifices. Herbal medicines for Taeyangin are characterized by those that gather energy inward. They include herbs that treat beriberi, dystrophy of the extremities and vomiting, as well as, fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetable.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

We analyzed 45 types of herbal medicines for Soyangin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order to discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron(theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap(ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul(exterior-interior and hot-cold)', and 'Hyungchiaekmi(fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: Herbal medicines for 'Soyangin' are characterized by descending energetics that reinforce the Yin Qi. The 'Exterior cold disease' is treated with herbs that descend the "Exterior Yin" in five ways: by releasing exterior, by resolving dampness, by clearing and transforming heat phlegm, by clearing heat, and by settling and calming the spirit. The 'Interior heat disease' is treated with herbs that raise the "Interior Yang" in three ways: by tonifying kidney Yin, by clearing heat, and by clearing heat and purging.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2007

Background : Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, Ephedra sinica $S_{TAPE}$) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in Asian over the past thousand years. The main ingredient of Mahuang is ephedrine, whose affects on the autonomic nervous system induce some adverse effects like vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, miosis, insomnia, dizziness, headache, etc. Although there were lots of reports about adverse effects of Mahuang, there were no clinical studies which evaluated the adverse effects of Mahuang on the autonomic nervous system by objective numerical value in the past decade. Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide an objective assessment of state-trait anxiety that is caused by Mahuang, and to identify anxiety of Mahuang according to different Sasang constitution classifications. Methods : The study design was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The subjects of this study were 79 adults aged between 20 to 40 who agreed to participate. Because 8 adults dropped out, a total of 71 subjects entered the study. They were allocated through randomization to a Mahuang group (N=50) and placebo group (N=21). Each group took three opaque capsules (every opaque capsule containing 2g of Mahuang or none) twice a day. To compare the state and trait anxiety before and after taking Mahuang, we checked the anxiety by using STAI-KYZ. Results : The following results were obtained. Short-term administration of Mahuang significantly increased state-anxiety, but in the placebo group, there were no significant changes in state-anxiety. In the Mahuang group except females, there was more significant increase in state-anxiety of Soeumin than Soyangin and Taeumin in the 2nd measurement. Conclusion : It is suggested that the ingestion of Mahuang can increase sympathetic activity and induce anxiety. There was a significant difference among Sasang constitution classification. Especially, the response is stronger in Soeumin than other constitutions. If we use Mahuang according to the Sasang constitution classification in clinic, we could not only minimize the anxiety but maximize the potential curative value.