• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1994년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 9th (KACC) ; Taejeon, Korea; 17-20 Oct. 1994
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• pp.207-212
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• 1994

A mathematical model is developed for a batch reactor in which the free radical bulk copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile takes place. In this model, we introduce the free volume theory to quantify the diffusion controlled termination and propagation reactions, and develop a model for the chain length dependent termination reaction in the context of the pseudo kinetic rate constant method(PKRCM). The simulation results from this model are found to be in good agreement with experimental data under different copolymerization conditions. The present model can predict both the copolymer composition and the number and weight average molecular weights. These kinetic approaches provide greater insight into the performance of the batch reactor used for the free radical bulk copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitirle.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1298-1302
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• 2000

Electrorheological(HER) and magnetorheologica(MR) fluids have a unique ability to increase the dynamic yield stress of the fluid substantially when electric or magnetic field is applied. ER and MR fluid-based dampers are typically analyzed using Bingham-plastic shear flow analysis under Quasi-steady fully developed flow conditions. An alternative perspective, supported by measurements reported in the literature, is to allow for post-yield shear thinning and shear thickening. To model these, the constant post-yield plastic viscosity in Bingham model can be replaced with a power-law model dependent on shear strain rate that is known as the Herschel-Bulkley fluid model. The objective of this paper is to predict the damping forces analytically in a typical ER bypass damper for variable electric field, or yield stress using Herschel-Bulkley analysis.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2003

The initial condition of $\Delta \sigma_3 \;=\; \Delta u$ is used for analyzing the time dependent behavior of ground. This is based on the concept that the coefficient of pore water B is the unity on the condition of saturation. but some measured consolidation data in the field showed that the pore water pressure was not dissipated as time elapsed but it was maintained constant value or it's dissipation rate was slower than that of the predicted. and so the measured data of pore water pressure was not consistent with that of settlement. In this study, the rheological model for the pore water pressure behavior on undrained condition was induced and compared with the experiment data of the literature. The result showed that the suggested model was consistent well with the result of experiment, but the suggested model could not explain the effect of the decrease of void ratio according to consolidation.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2524-2529
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• 2008

The thermal system like a combustion chamber is believed to experience a significant instability problem with vibration in case that the thermal energy or the acoustic energy are transformed into a different form through a relevant path. This study deals with a numerically- predicted, Thermoacoustic instability in a Rijke tube by using a non-linear model for a heat source. The heating part where the energy transformation occurs actively is modeled after simulating two-dimensional cylinder case with constant surface temperature, and a nonlinear model that accounts for the transfer function of magnitude- and phase-characteristics is properly implemented so as to be dependent on the pulsation strength in the tube. The heat source model is observed to result in equivalent Thermoacoustic instabilities in the Rijke tube except low flow-rate cases in which the natural convection is dominant.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2001

본 연구는 광안벼를 공시하여 동일한 일장 조건에서 온도에 따른 벼의 출엽 및 출수 반응을 검토하여 온도에 의한 출엽속도 추정모델을 설정하고자 하였던 바 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 13시간의 동일한 일장에서 최종엽수는 15엽으로 온도에 따라 변하지 않았다. 2. 출엽속도는 저온에서 고온으로 갈수록 증가하였으며, 고온일수록 발육진전에 따른 출엽속도 감소정도가 컸다. 3. 온도변화에 따른 출엽속도는 15-27$^{\circ}C$의 범위에서는 온도가 높아짐에 따라 직선적으로 높아지는 1차 회귀 관계를 보였다. 임계온도는 발육진전에 따라 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 4. 임계온도를 1$0^{\circ}C$로 하였을 때 유효적산온도와 출엽과의 관계는 Logistic 함수에 의하여 가장 잘 표현되었다($R^2$=0.995). 하루당 출엽속도는 다음의 식으로 표현되었다. (equation omitted) 여기서 dL/dt는 출엽속도, T$_{i}$는 일평균기온, L은 엽수이고 a, b, c는 상수로 각각 41.8, 1098.38, -0.9273이다. 5. 위의 출엽속도 추정모델에 의해 추정된 값은 모델설정에 이용되지 않은 실제 조사 출엽속도와 가 0.99이상으로 추정 정확도가 매우 높았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.308-316
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• 1992

유전자 재조합 균주의 성질이 불안정할 경우,2 단 연속 배양조를 사용하면 여러가지 이점이 있다. 본 논문은 2단 연속 배양조의 최적화를 목적으로 유전자 재조합 대장균의 과도상태 거동을 1단 및 2단 연속 배양조에서 연구한 결과를 다룬다. 희석율이 갑자기 변할 때 대장균은 새로운 희석율에 적응하기 위해 성장속도를 바꾸는데 적응 속도가 성장 잠재력에 비례한다는 가정아래 수학적 이론식을 도출하였으며, 이때 중요한 동력학적 변수는 무차원의 순간속도 증가(a) 빛 적응속도 상수(k)이었다. 이 상수들을 여러 온도와 희석 속도에서 실험적으로 측정하였고, 이 측정값을 모렐식에 적용한 결과 실제 2단 배양조의 미생물 성장속도의 과도기적인 성질을 잘 묘사하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2017

To ensure hygienic safety of drinking water in a water storage tank, the concentrations of residual chlorine should be above a certain regulation level. In this study, we conducted model simulations to investigate the effects of temperature on residual chlorine in water storage tank conditions typically used in Seoul. For this, values of model parameters (decomposition rate constant, sorption coefficient, and evaporation mass transfer coefficient) were experimentally determined from laboratory experiments. The model simulations under continuous flow conditions showed that the residual chlorine concentrations were satisfied the water quality standard level (0.1 mg/L) at all the temperature conditions ($5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$). Meanwhile, when the tanks had a no flow condition (i.e., no tap-water influent due to a sudden shut-down), the concentrations became lower than the regulatory level after certain periods. The findings from this modeling works simulating Seoul's water storage tanks suggested disappearance rate of residual chlorine could be reduced through the tanks design optimization with maintenance of low water temperature, minimization of air flow and volume, suppression of dispersion and the use of wall materials with low sorption ability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2008

In this paper experimental results are presented for the rheological behavior of high-solids saccharification of mixed northeast hardwood as a model feedstock. The experimental determination of the viscosity, shear stress, and shear rate relationships of the 10 to 20 percent slurry concentrations with constant enzyme concentrations were performed under variable rotational speed of a viscometer (2.0 to 200 RPM) at combined temperatures (50 to $30^{\circ}C$) for the initial four hours. The viscosities of saccharification slurries observed were in the ranges of 0.024 to 0.028, 0.401 to 0.058, and 0.840 to 0.087 Pa s for shear rates up to 100 reciprocal seconds at 10, 15, and 20 percent initial solids (w/v) respectively. The fluid behavior of the suspensions was modeled using the power-law, the Herschel-Bulkley, the Casson, and the Bingham model. The results showed that broth slurries were pseudoplastic with a yield stress. The model slope increased and the model intercept decreased with increasing fermentation time at shear rates normal for the fermentor. The broth slurries exhibited Newtonian behavior at high and low shear rates during initial saccharification process. The solid particle size ranged from 57.8 to $70.0{\mu}m$ for $40^{\circ}C$ and from 44.0 to 57.5 11m for combined temperatures at 10, 15, and 20 percent initial solids (w/v) respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1994

This study was executed to find the applicability of press drying of tree disk by investigating the shrinkage and drying defect and to form appropriate model by comparing the actual moisture content(MC) and internal temperature in respect of drying time with calculated values based computer simulation to which was applied finite difference method. In press drying disk, heating period, constant drying rate period maintained plateau temperature at 100$^{\circ}C$ and falling drying rate period were significantly distinguished. Actual MC and internal temperature were analogous to those calculated at comparing points. Heat transfer model formed by Fourier's law using specific heat of moist wood and conduction coefficient considering fractional volume of each element of wood cell wall, bound water, free water and air showed applicability as basic data to developing heat expansion, shrinkage and drying stress during press drying. Also mass transfer model formed by Fick's diffusion law using water vapor diffusion coefficient showed applicability. Longitudinal shrinkage was developed by pressure of hot press and tangential shrinkage was restrained by hygrothermal recovery. The heart check, surface check and ring failure were occurred differently in species, but V-shaped crack didn't develop.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

Centrifugal pumps consume considerable amounts of energy in various industrial applications. Therefore, improving the efficiency of pumps machine is a crucial challenge in industrial world. This paper presents numerical investigation of flow characteristics in volutes of centrifugal pumps in order to compare the energy consumption. A wide range of volumetric flow rate has been investigated for each case. The standard k-${\varepsilon}$ is adopted as the turbulence model. The impeller rotation is simulated employing the Multi Reference Frames(MRF) method. First, two different conventional design methods, i.e., the constant angular momentum(CAM) and the constant mean velocity (CMV) are studied and compared to a baseline volute model. The CAM volute profile is a logarithmic spiral. The CMV volute profile shape is an Archimedes spiral curve. The modified volute models show lower head value than baseline volute model, but in case of efficiency graph, CAM curve has higher values than others. Finally for this part, CAM curve is selected to be used in the simulation of different cross-section shape. Two different types of cross-section are generated. One is a simple rectangular shape, and the other one is fan shape. In terms of different cross-section shape, simple rectangular geometry generated higher head and efficiency. Overall, simulation results showed that the volute designed using constant angular momentum(CAM) method has higher characteristic performances than one by CMV volute.