• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.485-501
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• 1997

Pressure control is possible driving a simple ON/OFF 3-way valve of hydraulic servo system by pulse width modulation signal. But the pressure varies according to the duty ratio and carrier frequency and repeated on-off action induces pressure fluctuation. So equations for mean pressure and ripple amplitude are theoretically derived as a function of on/off time, the system parameters which decide the pressure characteristics are arranged and they are verified by experimental study. As the result selection criteria for the major design parameters are established and the basic strategy to suppress the unnecessary fluctuation can be provided for a hydraulic pressure control system using these type of valves.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.610-617
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• 2020

In process installations, chemicals operate at high temperature and high pressure. Propylene is used as a basic raw material for manufacturing synthetic materials in the petrochemical industry; However, it is a flammable substance and explosive in the gaseous state. Thus, caution is needed when handling propylene. To prevent explosions, an inert gas, carbon dioxide, was used and the changes in the extent of explosion due to changes in pressure and oxygen concentration at 25 ℃, 100 ℃, and 200 ℃ were measured. At constant temperature, the increase in explosive pressure and the rates of the explosive pressure were observed to rise as the pressure was augmented. Moreover, as the oxygen concentration decreased, the maximum explosive pressure decreased. At 25 ℃ and oxygen concentration of 21%, as the pressure increased from 1.0 barg to 2.5 bar, the gas deflagration index (K_g) increased significantly from 4.71 barg·m/s to 18.83 barg·m/s.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 1992

This paper presents in experimental study of the dynamic internal pressure within an oil hydraulic vane pump. The measurements of the dynamic internal pressures near the vane of a pressure balance type of an oil hydraulic vane pump with intravanes has been made to provide the essential information for the study of the pump dynamics and control, the pump design and the analysis of tribological problems in the sliding components. The influences of the discharge pressure and rotating speed of the vane on the dynamic pressure in four chambers surrounding a vane have been investigated. The results indicate that the surge pressures of the chambers at the instant moment of discharge and closure are affected by the rotating speed. The pressure in the intravane chamber maintains almost constant values, which remarkably effects the pulsating discharge pressure.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2016

Flow boiling pressure drop in multi channels was experimently investigated. The multi channel has a width and depth of 0.45 and 0.2mm respectively, and comprises 15 parallel channels. The measured total pressure drop is expressed by the sum of the frictional pressure drop and acceleration pressure drop. In order to predict the total pressure drop, it is required to obtain the correct frictional pressure drop. The existing correlations to predict the frictional pressure were compared with measured frictional pressure drop. The new correlation was developed in the form of the Chisholm correlation. It was related to Chisholm Constant B as a function of Martinelli parameter. The new correlation predicted the experimental data within a mean absolute error of 5.5%.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2011

This paper presents a variable frequency current control scheme for the air-pressure control of diaphragm. Differ from the conventional air-pressure control of diaphragm, the proposed method uses a single-phase inverter to control the phase current and frequency. The phase current is adjusted to keep the reference air-pressure of the diaphragm. And the current frequency is changed to reduce the mechanical vibration. In order to smooth change of the operation with a constant air-pressure, the frequency is changed according to the voltage reference from the current controller. When the phase current is satisfied to the constant air-pressure, the current frequency is increased to reduce the vibration of the diaphragm. When the reference voltage to keep the phase current is over than the set value, the current frequency is decreased to keep the air-pressure. The proposed control scheme is verified by the experimental test of a commercial diaphragm.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of steaming pressure (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 bar), steaming time (5, 10, and 15 min), and storage period on Hardness, hardness rate constant and sensory characteristics of Baeksulgi prepared with optimum formula (rice new 100%, water 60%, salt 1.5%, and sugar 15%). Although the hardness was slowly increased during storage period from 0 hr to 8 hr and sharply increased after 12 hr of storage in case of 0.5 bay steam pressure, it was slowly increased after 12 hr storage time in case of steaming pressure at 1.0 ban Hardness rate constant of Baeksulgi was $0.217{\sim}0.184hr^{-1}$ at range of steaming time for $8{\sim}10$ min and pressure at $0.8{\sim}1.0$ bar which was relatively low. Hardness and elasticity of sensory evaluation were increased with the increases in steaming pressure, steaming time, and storage period but cohesiveness was decreased The highest overall preference was steaming pressure at 10 bar, steaming time for 10 min, and storage period for 12 hr. In conclusion, steaming pressure, steaming tim, and storage period influenced Baeksulgi quality such as hardness and sensory characteristics.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2013

To improve annular jet pump (AJP) performance, new ways named constant rate of velocity/pressure change method (CRVC/CRPC) were adopted to design its diffuser. The design formulas were derived according to the assumption of linear velocity/pressure variation in the diffuser. Based on the two-dimensional numerical simulations, the effect of the diffuser profile and the included angle on the pump performance and the internal flow details has been analyzed. The predicted results of the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model show a better agreement with the experiment data than that of the standard and the realizable k-epsilon turbulence models. The AJP with the CRPC diffuser produces a linear pressure increase in the CRPC diffuser as expected. The AJP with CRPC/CRVC diffuser has better performance when the diffuser included angle is greater or the diffuser length is shorter. Therefore, the AJP with CRPC/CRVC diffuser is suitable for applications requiring space limitation and weight restriction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1995

The present study was investigated combustion characteristics of methane-air mixtures at stratified charge in a constant volume combustion chamber. The results indicated that even the vety lean mixture, which is normally not flammable in single chamber type, could be burned within. a comparatively short time by using sub-chamber with stratified charge method. And the lean inflammability limit of mixture in a main chamber was about ($\phi_m$cr=O.46, when the equivalence ratio of a sub-chamber was $\phi_s$= 1.0. Initial time of pressure increase and total burning times were decreased and maximum combustion pressure. was increased as the equivalence ratio of both sub and main chamber approached unity. Specifically, initial time of pressure increase and total burning times were greatly affected rather by. the equivalence ratio of sub-chamber than that of main chamber. The maximum combustion pressure was little affected if the total equivalence ratio lies in the same range.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

Thin film electronic devices which brought the current mobile environment could be fabricated only under the high quality vacuum conditions provided by high vacuum systems. Especially for the development of advanced thin film devices, constant high quality vacuum as the deposition pressure is definitely needed. For this purpose, the variable conductance throttle valves were employed to the high vacuum system. In this study, the effects of throttle valve applications on vacuum characteristics were simulated to obtain the optimum design modelling of variable conductance of high vacuum system. Commercial simulator of vacuum system, $VacSim^{(multi)}$, was used on this investigation. Reliability of employed simulator was verified by the simulation of the commercially available models of high vacuum system. Simulated vacuum characteristics of the proposed modelling were agreed with the observed experimental behaviour of real systems. Pressure limit valve and normally on-off control valve were schematized as the modelling of throttle valve for the constant process-pressure of below $10^{-3}torr$. Simulation results were plotted as pump down curve of chamber, variable valve conductance and conductance logic of throttle valve. Simulated behaviors showed the applications of throttle valve sustained the process-pressure constantly, stably, and reliably.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2014

Flexible $TiO_2$ films were deposited as dielectric materials for high-energy-density capacitors on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using a roll-to-roll sputtering method. Both the growth behavior and electrical properties of the flexible $TiO_2$ films were dependent on the sputtering pressure and $O_2$/Ar gas ratio during the sputtering process. All $TiO_2$ films had an amorphous structure regardless of the sputtering conditions due to the low substrate temperature. Microstructural characteristics such as the surface morphology and roughness of the films degraded with an increase in the sputtering pressure and $O_2$ gas concentration. The $TiO_2$ films deposited at a low pressure showed better electrical properties than those of films deposited at a high pressure. The $TiO_2$ films prepared at 10 mTorr exhibited a dielectric constant of approximately 90 at 1 kHz and a leakage current density of $5{\sim}6{\times}10^{-7}A/cm^2$ at 3 MV/cm.