• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 전통 목조건축물 적용을 위하여 살충제 주성분으로 사용되는 metofluthrin을 주성분으로 한 약제의 방의효력 및 단청 영향 평가를 실시하였다. 약제의 흰개미 사충효력을 평가하기 위하여 다양한 농도로 희석한 약제에 흰개미를 7일간 노출하였다. 그 결과, 약제 희석 정도에 따라 차이는 있었으나, 약제의 사충효력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 전통 목조건축물에 사용되고 있는 단청에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 약제 도포 횟수에 따른 단청의 재색 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 희석 배율에 따른 차이는 있었으나 2 종류의 안료(분, 주홍)에서만 색차 값이 3.0 이상으로 측정되었다. 즉, 대부분의 안료가 단청 재색에 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 목재 적용 시 약제의 흰개미 방의효력을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 10배와 20배 희석액을 도포한 시험편은 각각 2.83%, 6.28%로 낮은 질량감소율을 보였으며, 10배 희석액은 3% 미만의 질량감소율로 방의제 성능 기준을 충족하였다. 결과적으로, 본 실험에서 사용된 metofluthrin계 약제는 다양한 단청안료에 미치는 영향이 적을 뿐만 아니라 국내 전역에 분포하고 있는 Reticulitermes speratus에 방의효력을 갖기 때문에 국내 전통 목조문화재의 보존에 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1108-1113
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• 2012

1954년부터 운영해온 장기 연용 포장은 벼를 경작하는 체계에서 토양의 비옥도를 향상하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 59년 동안의 시험에서 볏짚퇴비의 시용은 토양의 유기탄소 함량을 41년 이후에 최대 $19{\sim}20g\;kg^{-1}$까지 도달하게 하였고, 볏짚퇴비를 시용하지 않은 것보다 표토에서는 1.4배, 심토에서는 2배까지 높아지게 하였다. 또한 처리구별로 토양용액중의 수용성유기탄소의 함량도 달라졌는데, 퇴비구에서 가장 높았고, 종합개량구에서는 퇴비구의 1/2 수준으로 환경으로 유출되는 수용성 유기탄소의 양이 감소하였다. 화학비료와 볏짚퇴비, 그리고 토양개량제인 규산질비료를 59년 동안 시용하였을 때, 토양의 pH, 유효인산, 치환성 양이온, 유효규산 함량 모두 증가하였다. 따라서, 무기질 비료와 유기질비료, 그리고 토양개량제인 규산질비료를 혼용하는 것은 토양의 탄소축적을 증대시키고, 환경으로 유출될 수 있는 수용성탄소의 함량을 감소시키며, 토양비옥도의 질을 향상시켜 작물을 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 가장 적합한 방법이라 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

유치 치근 파절의 치료는 정기 검진을 통해 관찰하거나 발치를 권유하고 있다. 특히 심한 동요도와 변위가 있는 경우 영구치 손상 가능성과 흡인의 위험성 때문에 주로 발치를 시행한다. 하지만 최근 재위치와 고정을 통한 보존적 치료가 새롭게 제시되고 있다. 이른 시기의 유전치 발치는 심미적 문제, 발음 저작 등의 기능적 문제, 공간 소실, 환아와 보호자의 심리 사회적인 문제 등 여러 가지 문제점들을 야기하므로 치근 파절된 유치를 유지하는 것만큼 좋은 치료는 없다. 이 증례 보고는 치근 파절을 보이는 두 증례의 진단, 치료, 평균 27개월의 정기 검진 자료를 토대로 심한 동요도와 변위가 있는 유치 치근 파절의 보존적인 치료 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 두 증례에서 발치 대신 재위치와 장기간의 레진 강선 고정을 시행하였고, 후속 영구치가 맹출 할 때까지 정기검진을 시행하였다. 정기검진과정 중에 동통, 치수괴사, 감염, 영구치 치배 변위, 맹출 이상 등의 부작용은 나타나지 않았다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1871-1880
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• 2022

Objective: The primary goal was to identify the effectiveness of chemical or biological additives in delaying the deterioration of early-harvested wilted rye silage after exposure to air. Methods: Rye harvested as a whole plant at the early heading stage was wilted for 24 h. The wilted forage was divided into treatments including sodium diacetate (SDA) at 3 (SDA3) and 6 g/kg (SDA6), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L. buchneri (LB), or their equal mixture (LP+LB) at 1×10⁶ colony-forming unit/g fresh matter. Results: After 60 d of conservation in 20-L silos, lactic acid was greater in LP and LP+LB silages than other treatments (102 vs 90.2 g/kg dry matter [DM]). Acetic acid was greatest in SDA6 (32.0 g/kg DM) followed by LB (26.1 g/kg DM) and was lowest in LP treatment (4.73 g/kg DM). Silage pH was lower with microbial inoculation and the lowest and highest values were observed in LP and untreated silages, respectively. After 60 d, neutral detergent fiber concentration was lowest in SDA6 silages, resulting in the greatest in vitro DM digestibility (846 g/kg DM). Aerobic stability was longest in SDA6 (176 h) followed by LB treatment (134 h). Instability after aerobiosis was greatest in LP silages (68 h), about 8 h less than untreated silages. After aerobic exposure, yeast and mold numbers were lowest in SDA6 silages, resulting in DM loss minimization. Exhaustion of acetic acid and lactic acid after aerobic exposure was lowest with SDA6 but greatest with untreated and LP silages. Conclusion: Treatment of early-cut wilted rye forage with SDA at 6 g/kg resulted in silages with higher feeding value and fermentation quality, and substantially delayed deterioration after aerobic exposure, potentially qualifying SDA at this load for promotion of silage quality and delaying aerobic spoilage of early-harvested (low DM) rye forage.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권25호
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• pp.171-195
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• 2004

This research presents an evaluation of the weathering and deterioration state of the Wanggung-ri five-storied stone pagoda in the Iksan (National Treasure No. 289) and suggests conservational schemes. A deterioration map of the pagoda was drawn from the aspects of petrological, physical, chemical, biological, structural and artificial weathering.The rock properties consisting of the pagoda were medium-grained biotite granite that had leucocratic phenocryst developed in parts. The body of each story suffered severely from the secondary contamination that turned the colors into light grey, pitch dark, yellowish brown, and reddish brown as well as granular decomposition, exfoliation and peel-off. The roof stones were heavy exfoliated or peeled off in most of the cases. In addition to the fine cracks, there were layered cracks on the corners. The roof stones of the3rd and 4th story in the north and west side had some stones fall-off, while those of the 2ndstory in the north side had steel reinforcement filled for a fixing purpose. Those of the 5th story showed big gaps that must have originated from cracks and were easily subject to granular decomposition and rainfall. The inside clay filler was missing in the lower part of the roof stones of the 4th and 5th story and the supporting stones, which were thus covered by light grey or pitch dark sediments. The contact area of the materials was about 70 % in the parts where there was a space due to the filler missing and washigher than 90 % in the lower parts of the pagoda. About 90 % or more of the roof stones surface of each story were covered by aerial plants that formed a thick biological mat. Thus it seemed necessary to come up with the conservational measures to remove the plans living on the surface of the stone materials, with the plans to prevent rain from falling inside, and with the water repellent and hardening treatments to postpone the surface weathering of the rock properties. All those measures and plans must be based on the results of long-term monitoring and thorough detail investigations.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.510-518
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• 2013

Corn was mainly cultivated in slope land during summer season when heavy rain falls so that soil loss occurs severely. Especially, soil disturbance and exposure of topsoil by conventional tillage intensifies soil loss by heavy rain. The aim of this study was to develop surface covering and tillage methods for reducing soil loss in corn cultivation. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter with 8 treatments including strip tillage after surface covering with rye residue, strip tillage after residue covering of several crops and sod culture, black polyethylene film covering after conventional tillage and control. Amount of runoff water and eroded soil, and corn growth were investigated. Amounts of runoff water in all plots except black polyethylene plot ranged from 152 to 375 $m^3\;ha^{-1}$, accounting for 13~32% of 1,158 $m^3\;ha^{-1}$ in control. Amount of eroded soil decreased by 94 to 99% (3 to 89 kg $ha^{-1}$) in plots of strip tillage after covering with crop residues compared to control with 1,739 kg $ha^{-1}$. Corn yields in plots of strip tillage after covering with crop residues ranged from 6.0 to 6.9 Mg $ha^{-1}$, while that of control was 6.5 Mg $ha^{-1}$. The results suggest that strip tillage methods after surface covering with crop residues are very effective on soil conservation of slope land in corn cultivation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

Paper records were generally degraded by some factors from atmospheric environments, like temperature, relative humidity or air pollutants. In this study, the degradation behavior of paper records by single or mixed gases of $NO_2$, $SO_2$, HCHO and TVOC was evaluated. The mechanical, optical and chemical properties of 4 kinds of paper (acid and neutral-based printing paper, traditional Hanji, and filter paper) were directly and indirectly affected by gaseous harmful materials. The brightness and $L^*$ value in all papers were slightly increased by accelerated aging under gaseous HCHO and TVOCs, but highly decreased by conditions under gases $NO_2$ and $SO_2$. The optical properties of paper records were most vulnerable in acid-based paper and high stable in filter paper and traditional Hanji by air pollutant degradation. The aging treatments under mixed gas pollutants including $NO_2$ resulted in decrease of physical, mechanical and optical properties of paper, so it was supposed that the concentration of $NO_2$ gas would be strictly controlled for optimum indoor air quality management in domestic storage centers for paper records.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.811-816
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• 2009

최근 문화재의 훼손을 미연에 방지하기 위하여 보존환경 및 훼손영향에 대한 연구가 중요하게 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 박물관 3곳의 환경 중 동산문화재의 보존환경과 관련된 전시실, 전시케이스, 수장고에서 온 습도, 산류, 암모니아, 환원황화합물, 알데히드류를 조사하여 주요 영향 인자를 확인하고자 하였다. 조사 결과 온 습도, 총휘발성유기화합물, 아세트 알데히드는 빈번히 국 내외의 박물관 보존환경 기준 및 실내공기질 기준을 초과하였고, 포름알데히드, 염소, 암모니아는 간헐적으로 기준을 초과하는 특성을 보였다. 빈번히 기준을 초과한 온도, 습도, 총휘발성유기화합물, 아세트알데히드, 동산문화재의 주요 영향인자로써 동산문화재의 효과적인 보존 및 관리를 위해서 이들 인자는 적절한 제어가 필요함을 확인하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2013

The endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus was cultured in 2.44-m-diameter outdoor tanks in a 131-day yield trial to assess growth, survival, and percentage of taggable-sized fish (${\geq}35mm$ total length) when stocked at 500/tank (1.07 million/ha), 1,000/tank (2.14 million/ha), and 1,500/tank (3.21 million/ha). At harvest, fish averaged 45.6 mm and 0.94 g in the 500/tank treatment, 42.6 mm and 0.74 g in the 1,000/tank treatment, and 38.4 mm and 0.55 g in the 1,500/tank treatment; the differences were significant (P = 0.05). Survival in the three treatments was 70%, 64%, and 52%, respectively, but the differences were not significant. Percent taggable-sized fish was 86%, 89%, and 65%, respectively, but the differences were not significant. Yield was 672.5 kg/ha, 1,026.6 kg/ha, and 887.8 kg/ha, respectively; yield in the 1,000/tank treatment was significantly greater than that in the 500/tank treatment, but was not significantly greater than that of the 1,500/tank treatment. This facility is a conservation facility and a major goal is to raise fish without formulated feed. Fertilization produced good growth for the first month, but little growth occurred during the second month so supplemental feed had to be used for the final 60 d of the yield trial.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen credit of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the nitrogen balance of soybean in soybean-barley cropping systems. Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley­soybean double cropping system. The barley-soybean double cropping system was treated with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, 0 nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F0), and standard nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F1). Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased $4.8\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000. The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were $69.1\~ 88.2\%$ in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot. The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were $83.9\~86.7\%$. The yield was 270 kg/10a in BS­F1 plot and 215 kg/10a in BS-F0 plot. However, the nitrogen balances were +0.6 kg/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 kg/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot. In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot. Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system, and the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system.