• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.15
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• pp.38-55
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• 2014

Three costumes excavated from the tomb of Yu Gyeongjong ^1565-1623, which are now own at Buyeo National Museum, underwent conservation treatment. As a result of this treatment, the costume types were correctly identified and their original forms were restored. Through the restoration process, various key features were discovered, enabling the costume types to be correctly identified as a dallyeong ^{Official's Uniform with Round Collar}, jingnyeong ^{Coat with Straight Collar}, and changui ^{Coat with Slits in the Rear and Sides}. One of the newly discovered key features was a new variety of pattern that differed from the prevalent cloud pattern of the time. Also, on the dallyeong, it was found that the ground of the hyungbae ^{Rank Badge}, was made from yeongeumsa ^{Wrapped Gold Thread}. These costumes are significant artifacts showing trends, patterns, forms, and other key characteristics of clothing from the late sixteenth to the early seventeenth century.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.59-69
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• 2012

The flower type ornament of the gilt bronze palace-type sarira reliquary among those sarira reliquaries of the East Pagoda at the Gameunssa Temple Site, which is the Treasure No. 1359 owned by the National Museum of Korea, was separated from the sarira reliquary in November 2010, thus conducting conservation treatments to be done on two items including the gilt bronze palace-type sarira reliquary during the period of March-October 2011. Those conservation treatments were carried out by following the process of removing the coated areas having excessive gross and bubbles, re-coating with Incralac, and then strengthening both the cracked areas and the separated flower-type ornaments with woven glass fiber after rejoining. For those areas where removal of gloss and bubbles at the coating and adhesive areas was not possible, the gloss and bubbles were made less perceivable through matting treatment and coloring.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.285-296
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• 2012

This study was to assess the effect of consolidation for intension measures of stone cultural heritage using artificially weathered stones. We have prepared four kinds of stones (Gyeongju Namsan Granite, Iksan Granite, Yeongyang Sandstone, Jeongseon Marble), and manufactured fresh, weathered and highly weathered stone samples by thermal shock for each rock type. The samples were treated with three consolidants (Wacker OH 100, Remmers KSE 300, 1T1G) by three methods {immersion, capillary rise (partial immersion), spray}, and tested for weight, porosity, ultrasonic velocity, Equotip hardness and color before and after treatment. As a result, the effect of consolidation was widely influenced by porosity and treatment methods. Wacker OH 100 was shown the highest consolidation effect in almost every stone sample.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.30
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• pp.63-77
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• 2009

Scientific studies of conservation techniques and materials in Korea have experienced fast development since international practice and academic knowledge have been introduced to Korea from Japan, France, Germany, and etc from the late 1960s. In recent years, it has been observed that the academic standard of research and the level knowledge of the field in Korea at present are far advanced to compete with many countries. However, many Korean cases still have displayed that the standard and the quality of conservation practice need to be improved. This research examined several cases of derelict restoration of metal relics executed by non-conservators and the effects of their ignorant use of irreversible materials on the valuable objects. The purpose of the study is to display the problem of such treatments and to suggest a need of framework to prevent the loss of original form from them. Metal Buddha statue (Cosmic Buddha) in Borim Temple (National Treasure No. 117), which was conserved by an unexperienced non-conservator, has suffered from a serious problem of corrosion because of the use of destructive material, iron chloride. Another case for metal Buddha statue in Dopian Temple (National Treasure No. 63) displays a representative example of using irreversible materials, Cashew and such ignorant application made a later conservation treatment so difficult in removing the material from the surface of the statue. In conclusion, the research argued that the understanding of materials used in the objects, and the value of relics is important, and pre-experiments before applying conservation materials to a valuable heritage are essential in the conservation treatment.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.19
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

This paper describes the restoration and display of a large jar coffin at the Naju National Museum. Excavated from Tomb No. 3 at Bokam-ri, Naju, the large jar is 194 cm in height and its rim diameter is 108 cm. The jar had been broken into approximately forty fragments prior to its restoration, and a supporting structure was installed to ensure the safety of the relic during the restoration process. The restoration was conducted inside a visible storage for large jar coffins for approximately three weeks from February 5 to February 27, 2018. Over two weeks during this period, the restoration efforts inside the storage were visible to the public in the permanent exhibition space so that visitors could observe the process in person. This was planned to help visitors understand and arouse their interest in large-sized relics such as jar coffins and the restoration process. This study also investigates the practices of overseas institutions in order to suggest plans for raising public awareness of conservation treatment at conservation science centers.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.11
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Conservation re-treatment of dagger and scabbard in Gyeongju National Museum, which were excavated from Gyerim-ro Tomb No. 14 (Treasure No. 635) was carried out after a wide-scale dissembling in order for publishing a report and holding a special exhibition. The interior shape of the iron dagger which was disclosed by ornament plates was confirmed by X-ray investigation. The results of XRF analysis which was used to analyse compositions of the golden ornament plates reveal that having more than 3% of copper distinguishes it from other Silla gold artifacts. The conservation treatment progressed in a way that surface contaminants were removed and insecure areas were consolidated. The original shape of the iron dagger and scabbard was found after adhering and restoration. With the ornament plates staying on the iron dagger, a stand in acrylic for display and storage was made, which is able to place the dagger and scabbard in the safest way.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.30
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• pp.127-144
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• 2023

"Buliseonrando," meaning "Buddhist virtues and the orchid are one and the same," was painted by Chusa Kim Jeong-hee. Four appreciation sentences are written in various fonts around the orchid drawn in the center of the painting, along with a total of 15 seals stamped. Hyperspectral image analysis(HSI), microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were conducted with a focus on the seals and the parts of the painting that have been applied with a conservation treatment. As a result of the analyses, the seals were classified into two types-seals with or without barium content. Stamp shade was identified only in five of themstamps, which allows the assumption that the composition and material characteristics of the stamp inks varied depending on the period. In particular, hyperspectral image analysis confirms traces of conservation treatment on the seals and the lost parts identified in addition to the 15 seals, which also demonstrates the utility of hyperspectral image analysis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.443-456
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• 2017

The Geumran-gasa (Kasaya) and Jangsam of the monk Samyeong are historical relics and were designated as object No.29, a Buddhist costume of the Joseon Dynasty, by the National Folklore Cultural Heritage, in 1973. In 1984, after being treated for the purposes of washing and preserving the shape of the garments, the object was kept in the Temple Museum of Pyochungsa, as their holding institution. However, regular inspection conducted by the Cultural Heritage Administration in 2013 determined the need for a re-treatment. The Geumran-gasa had been originally made with 25 strips, but it had been separated into two parts and many pieces were lost. A part of the collar in the Jangsam was lost as well. Therefore, both relics needed to be restored. The re-treatment process involved pre-investigation, washing, reinforcement fabric dyeing, restoration, and fumigation. In particular, we focused on reinforcing the damaged parts and restoring the missing parts by applying advanced materials and methods in order to restore the original form as much as possible. This conservation is the result of the re-treatment of the cultural properties by replacing the old material used in past treatments and applying advanced methods under the basic principle of reversibility in conservation treatment.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

The standing Buddha named Taehwa 4 yew in the Jincheon were sculptured with rock cliff of the dark grey shale. Front of the Buddha statue shows $N40^{\circ}W$ strike with nearly vertical dip toward the back side. Rock blocks of the Buddha statue well developed with bedding and laminations whereas rock surface distributed into the various irregular discontinuities. Sculptured lines of the Buddha were uncertain because of degradation and exfoliations on the rock surface. The surface near the Buddha statue is highly contaminated with lichen and mosses, and accelerate physical and biological weathering owing to the roots of weed and bush along the fracture systems. For the conservational treatment, we treated with primary wet cleaning by air gun and secondary cleaning treatment using distilled water. Separated rock surface and fractured parts fasten and/or fill up the boundaries of the rock blocks using epoxy resin for conservation of rock properties. Some brittle surface was treatment with water repellent consolidant of ethyl silicates, and heterogeneous surface carried out color matching by acrylic pigments. Upper part of the Buddha statue dig out small ditch for rain water drainage, and near surface of the Buddha statue treat removal works for lichen, weeds and bush. The duration capacity of the Buddha constituting rocks are degraded by various weathering factors, therefore we suggest that this Buddha statue have need to do long term monitoring and synthetic conservation researches.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.18 s.18
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• pp.63-74
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• 2006

All rock materials of the three storied stone pagoda in Seoakri were composed of light gray alkali granite with medium grained and developed with small mialolitic cavities. This stone pagoda is preserving almost archetype except the head part because there was repair work already. But, foundation, basement and roof rocks are serious state by microbial invasion such as lichens. Because there are tree and grass that cause direct effect to stone pagoda surrounding. Therefore, conservation treatment executed the primary dry cleaning and secondary wet cleaning treatment. Stone surface is partly not removed well such as lichens which part removed using cleansing device that use high temperature steam. Some treated part concrete and epoxy resin remove and retreatment with mixing talc and alkali granite powder to epoxy resin. Did color matching at mixing process of epoxy resin and fillers to properties with set the feel of a material. Also, drainage ditched to minimize inflow of rainwater fall from slope that is on the east of stone pagoda, tree and grass in stone pagoda surrounding wished to do remove and control occurrence of lichens hereafter minimizing moisture conteats.