• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Children are not small adults and there is a need to carry out specific trials that cannot be performed in adults. In general, children (minors) are unable to consent but their assent should be obtained using age appropriate information. Institutional Review Board (IRB) need paediatric expertise to balance the benefits and risks of research in children. The lack of consent has implications on the design, analysis and the choice of comparators used in the trials, which should only be performed by trained investigators with paediatric experience. Pain, fear, distress and parental separation should be prevented and minimised when unavoidable. The children requires even more careful review. Children represent a vulnerable population with developmental, physiological and psychological differences from adults, which make age- and development- related research important for their benefit. Finally, criteria for the protection of children in clinical trials therefore need to be laid down. Specific protection should be defined for research performed in children, at all stages and ages.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 2016

Socket-outlets and plugs are essential devices that supply electric power into user appliances. During plug-out operation of an engaged plug from the socket-outlet, the consistent arc between the plug and the socket-outlet could develop into heavy fires in DC systems but only a small spark in AC systems. This paper proposes a pre-/post-electrode method to prevent plugs and socket-outlets from melting by sustaining arc energy. To implement the proposed pre-/post-electrodes, an experimental plug is manufactured with two electrodes, in which a post resistance Rs is connected in between. This paper investigates the function of the post resistance Rs, in which the best value of the post resistance Rs is obtained through simulation and experiment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-186
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• 1999

This study empirically investigates innovative behaviors of the firm. In so doing, a Probit was employed and estimated. We used the raw data of the "corporate innovation survey"(CIS), which, in consent with OECD efforts, is regularly undertaken by the Science and Technology Policy Institute(SIEPI). The data set includes more than 3400 firms in the manufacturing sector. Three types of innovation, i.e., new product, product improvement and process innovation, are studied, assuming that determinants of innovation are firm′s age. number of employees as the size of firm, ratio of foreign ownership and innovation costs. To investigate the relationship between firm′s innovation behavior and the size, we estimate the Probit including the quadratic term of the firm size. Empirical findings showed that the sign of the quadratic term of the firm size turned out to be negative. It means that the probability of firm's making innovation shows the inversed-U relationship with the firm size. Such an empirical result may have a significant implication for the industrial policy.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2014

This study investigates thermoregulatory behaviors of obese children for their thermal comfort. Nine normal-weight children (NWC) and nine obese children (OC) participated in the study. All subjects were fourth-graders and sixth-graders in elementary school. An informed consent form was obtained from each child and his or her mother. The questionnaire method was used, and the experiment was conducted to determine the preferred amount of clothing at $17^{\circ}C$ and the preferred temperature at $33^{\circ}C$. According to the results, OC were more susceptible to heat than NWC, whereas there was no significant difference in their susceptibility to cold. There were no significant differences of the oral temperature and the mean skin temperature between the two groups, but changes in forearm blood flow were less in OC than in NWC. There was no significant difference in the preferred amount of clothing between OC and NWC, and the preferred temperature was higher in NWC than in OC. The results based on the questionnaire are consistent with those based on the experiment. A compositive study of physical exercise, eating behavior, and wearing behavior should be useful for developing programs for preventing and treating obese children.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2021

WHO passed the ICD-11 amendment in 2019, which included gaming disorder, and there are confronted opinions whether this should be listed in the revision of the KCD in Korea. This study explains the consent and opposition to the listing of gaming disorder, and then investigates the effect of the listing of gaming disorder and the adoption of gaming addiction tax. The results of this study find that the listing of gaming disorder and the adoption of gaming addiction tax could negatively affect the investment value and the global national competitiveness of the Korean game industry.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2014

This study investigates the level of satisfaction with quality attributes of meal services for low-income children in Wonju, Korea. Based on interviews with 287 subjects (users of meal boxes: 17.4%, card users: 82.6%; boys: 48.4%, girls: 51.6%; elementary school students: 44.4%, middle school students: 33.0%, high school students: 22.6%; two parents household: 29.8%, single- or no- parent household: 70.2%) through consent from their guardians, some key characteristics of the subjects and the relationships between their characteristics and the level of their satisfaction with meal services were examined. According to the results, the level of satisfaction ranged from 54.7% to 66.0% (those respondents indicating "very good" and "good") indicated that the meals were generally acceptable. The highest level of satisfaction was for sanitation (66.0%), followed by taste (64.0%), ease of choosing preferred menu items (61.9%), a proper temperature (61.9%), a sufficient amount (60.8%), diversity (56.3%), the comfortableness of the dining area (54.7%), and sufficient nutrition (41.0%). For these eight quality aspects of meal services, users of meal boxes were more likely to be satisfied with the comfortableness of the dining area, whereas card users, with the taste and temperature of the food. The type of meal service, the attitudes toward talking to friends about supporting meals, and subjectively perceived health status had significant effects on the level of satisfaction with meal services.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.95-113
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• 2016

This study investigates the potential for multi-cultural youths, given their innate bilingual and dual culture, to be trained as the competent ODA professionals. For the purpose of collecting information, we organized two different kinds of FGI in 2015. The first FGI was conducted with a group of 10 expert participants from August 17 to September 25. The second FGI was conducted four times, from October 5 to October 23, with 13 adolescents from multi-cultural families from Russia, Mongolia, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Japan, and China. The semi-structured interview items were passed through a formal review process of the Institutional Ethics Committee. Furthermore, with the participants' pre-consent to recording, all recorded data were categorized through the transcription process. The results are as follows. While the potential for nourishing bilingual and dual cultural capabilities are high for the adolescent children of multi-cultural families, the expert group also emphasized the negative aspects of these capabilities being suppressed due to the relatively oppressed family environment. The expert group therefore suggests the following: building parent awareness of ODA human resources, developing an educational career transition roadmap, and providing institutional incentives for ODA. In addition, to some extent, the researchers were able to detect some positive self-esteem among the adolescent children of multi-cultural families as a result of the bilingual and dual cultural competencies required to be ODA personnel. In sum, the research provides insight into the need for national social support for the adolescent children of multi-cultural families, so that their strengths are not extinguished, in order that they might grow up as competent ODA personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2019

This study investigates the decision-making processes of Iranian women in their twenties who purchased Hallyu beauty and fashion products. We conducted ten in-depth interviews of Hallyu enthusiasts who previously purchased Hallyu products. Interviewees were recruited using a snowball sampling technique based on nonprobability sampling. Interviews were conducted in the 1:1 in-depth interview format for one hour of each interview from April 11, 2017, to May 14, 2017, using semi-structured questionnaires, and recorded with consent. Our analysis of the characteristics of consumption behaviors of the women used seven steps of the purchase decision-making process. This study used interviews to analyze the following questions. Research Question 1. What is the decision process for Iranian women's consumer products purchase? Research Question 2. What are the characteristics and meaning of each stage of Iranian women's consumer decision-making process? Data collection in this study was limited to participants in their twenties; however, this research will be helpful for future Hallyu and Iranian consumer analysis. A follow-up study should examine the purchasing decisions of women in additional age groups in order to generalize the results.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-144
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• 2017

In Korea, currently, only the growth possibility of bioinformation industry has received the public attention, and social discussion on bioinformation management is meager. Based on this critical perspective, this study investigates the current status of public awareness of the bioinformation which can be a basis for the social discussion for bioinformation management. The most significant characteristics identified in the survey is that many citizens, while expressing their agreement on the use of biometric technology by purpose and taking an open stance on national fingerprint information collection, have considerable concern for the identity authentication system using the current biometric technology. In particular, the survey pointed out that it is hard to trust the institutions that collect the bioinformation. Also, the public expressed the particular concern for the health data including the body information and showed overwhelming consent for the necessity of more stringent regulation compared with other personal information. In regards to the medical information gathered from medical institutions, nearly 80% of the survey respondents did not agree on providing the information to commercial enterprises, and even 60% of them disagreed on using it for academic and statistical research. This result well demonstrates that thorough management of the bioinformation is required for its utilization.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2016

Objectives: To find evidence that sleep is necessary for normal brain function, thus indicating that declines in both sleep quality and quantity are related to worse performance of many daily tasks and deteriorated physical functions. The present study investigates the relationships of balance control and reaction time with sleep quality. Methods: 58 healthy (male 20, female 38) volunteers with informed consent participated in this study. The Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and relevant factors, and the subjects were divided into groups A (PSQI < 5) and B ($PSQI{\geq}5$) based on this index. Static balance control and reaction time to visual stimuli were conducted to assess their relationship with sleep quality. Results: Group B exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness significantly more often compared to group A. Static balance control did not markedly change relative to sleep quality, but reaction time and error to visual stimuli were significantly increased in group B compared to group A. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a decline in sleep quality can result in delayed reactions, as well as decreased accuracy of these reactions. They also suggest that low sleep quality may be associated with changes in physical functions, including balance control through reduced selective attention.